Joshua S.

De Leon
BSABE – 1B

Fluid Mechanics

13-33 The deepest point known in any of the earth’s ocean is in the Mariana Trench, 10.92 km deep.
a.) Assuming water to be incompressible, what is the gauge pressure at this depth? Use the
density of seawater.
b.) The actual gauge pressure is 1.17 x 108 Pa. Your calculated value of the pressure will be less
because the density actually varies with depth. Take your value for the pressure and, using
the compressibility of the water, find its density at the bottom of the Mariana Trench. What
is the percent change in the density of water?

13-35 According to old advertising claim, a certain small car would float in water.
a.) If the car’s mass is 1200 kg and its interior volume is 4m3, what fraction of the car is
immersed as it floats? The buoyancy of steel and other materials may be neglected.
b.) As water gradually leaks in and displaces the air in the car, what fraction of the interior
volume is filled with water when the car sinks?
13-37 The densities of air, helium, and hydrogen (at standard conditions) are 1.29 kg/m3, 0.178 kg/m3,
and 0.0899 kg/m3 respectively.
a.) What is the volume in cubic meters displaced by a hydrogen-filled dirigible that has a total “lift”
of 15,000 kg? ( The “lift” is the total mass of the dirigible that can be supported by the buoyancy
force in addition to the mass of the gas with which it is filled.)
b.) What would be the “lift” if the helium were used instead of hydrogen? In view of your answer,
why is helium the gas that is actually used? ( Hint: Remember the Hinderberg)

13-39 Consider an object with height h, mass M, and uniform cross-sectional area. A floating upright m a
liquid with density p.
a.) Calculate the vertical distance from the surface of the liquid to the bottom of the floating
object at equilibrium.
b.) A downward force of magnitude F is applied to the top of the object. At the new equilibrium
position, how much farther below the surface of the liquid is the bottom of the object than
it was in part (a)? (Assume that F is small enough for some of the object to remain above the
surface of the liquid)
c.) Your result in part (b) shows that if the force is suddenly removed, the object will oscillate
up and down in simple harmonic motion. Calculate the period of this motion, in terms of the
density p at the liquid and the mass M and cross-sectional area A of the object.
d.) A 1500-kg cylindrical can buoy floats vertically in seawater (density 1.03 x 103 kg/m3). The
diameter of the buoy is 0.8000 m. Calculate the additional.
13-41 Block A in Fig. is 13-31 hangs by a cord from spring balance D and is submerged in a liquid C
contained in beaker B. The mass of the beaker is 1.00 kg, 2.50 kg, and balance E reads 7.50 kg. The
volume of the block A is 4 x 10-3 m3.
a.) What is the density of the liquid?

b.) What will each balance read if block A is pulled up out of the liquid?
13-43 A cubical block of wood 0.100 m on a side and with a density of 500 kg/m3 (floats in a jar of water.
Oil with a density of 600 kg/m3 is poured on the water until the top of the oil layer is 0.0400 m below the
top of the block.
a.) How deep is the oil layer?
b.) What is the gauge pressure at the lower face of the block?
13-45 A cubical brass block with slides of length L floats in a mercury.
a. What fraction of the block above the mercury surface?
b. If water is poured on the mercury surface, how deep must the water layer be so that the water
surface just rises to the top of the brass block? (Express your answer in terms of L.)

13-47 What radius must a water drop have for the difference between inside and outside pressures to
be 0.0200 atm? Assume that T = 20 C
13- 49 A cylindrical vessel, open at the top is 0.200 m high and 0.100 m in diameter. A circular hole
whose cross-sectional area is 1.00 cm2 is cut in the center of the bottom of the vessel. Water flows into
the vessel for a tube above of at the rate of 1.60 x 10-4 m3/s. How high will the water in the vessel rise.
13-51 Water flows steadily from an open reservoir, as in Fig 13.33. The elevation of point 1 is 10.0 m,
and the elevation of point 2 and 3 is 2.00 m. The cross sectional area at point 2 is 0.0400 m 2, and at
point 3 it is 0.0200 m2. The area of the reservoir is very large in comparison with the cross sectional area
of the pipe.
Assume that Bernoulli’s equation applies, compute
a. The discharge rate in cubic meters per second;
b. The gauge pressure at point 2.

13-53 Modern airplane design calls for a lift due to the net force of the moving air on the wing of about
1000 N per square meter of wing area. Assume that air flows past the wing of an aircraft with streamline
flow. If the speed of flow past the lower wing surface is 160 m/s, what is the require speed over the
upper surface to give a “lift” of 1000 N/m2? The density of air is 1.20 kg/m3.
13-55, Figure 13-27a shows a liquid flowing from a vertical pipe. Notice that the vertical stream of the
liquid has a very definite shape as it flows from the pipe.
a. We will now get the equation for this shape. Assume that the liquid is in free fall once it leaves
the pipe and then find an equation for the speed of the liquid as a function of the distance it has
fallen. Combining this with the equation of the continuity, find an expression for the radius of
the stream of liquid.
b. If the water flows out of a vertical pipe with a speed of 2.00 m/s as it exits from the pipe, how
far below the outlet will the radius be one half the original radius of the stream?

13-57 The densities of steel and glycerin are 7800 kg/m3 and 1260 kg/m3, respectively. The viscosity of
glycerin at room temperature is 8.30 poise
a.) With what speed is a steel ball 2.50 mm in radius falling in a tank of glycerin at an instant when
its acceleration is one half that of a freely falling body?
b.) What is the terminal speed of the ball?
13-59 the tank at the left in Fig 13-36a has a very large cross sectional are and is open to the
atmosphere. The depth y= 0.600 m. The cross-sectional areas of the horizontal tubes leading out of the
tank are 1.00 cm2, 0.500 cm2 and 0.200 cm2, respectively. The liquid is ideal, having zero viscosity.
a.) What is the volume rate of flow out of the tank?
b.) What is the speed in each portion of the horizontal tube?
c.) What are the heights of the liquid in the vertical side tubes?
Suppose that the liquid in Figure 13-36b has a viscosity of 0.500 poise and a density of 800 kg/m3 and
that the depth of liquid in the large tank is such that the volume rate of flow is the same as in part (a).
the distance between the side tubes at c and d, and between those at e and f, is 0.200m. the cross-
sectional areas of the horizontal tubes are the same in both diagrams.
d. ) what is the difference in level between the tops of liquid column in tubes c and d?
e.) in tubes e and f?
f.) What is the flow speed on the axis of each section of the horizontal tube?