GROUP AND TEAM

FINAL WORK
Discusses aspects of group and team work and relates
them to articles and a movie named ‘Chak de India’.

PROJECT Avina Munawar(1718185), ZOHAIB

YASEEN(1718214), AMNA
ARSHAD(1718220)
SUBMITTED TO: SIR WAQAS MAZHAR ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR
TABLE OF
CONTENT:
ARTICLES:
1. IMPACT OF TEAM BUILDING EXERCISES ON TEAM
EFFECTIVENESS
2. TEAM PERFORMANCE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

MOVIE: CHAK DE INDIA

1. Summary of movie
2. Main characters of movie
3. Application of OB in movie
4. Relevance of movie and article
5. Reflection

REFRENCES
IMPACT OF TEAM BUILDING EXERCISES ON
TEAM EFFECTIVENESS
INTRODUCTION
Buller and Bell (1986) has stated that “One of the most popular intervention techniques in
organizational development (OD) is teambuilding.” There is always diverse reaction when it
comes to role of team building exercises in increasing team effectiveness.

Since Businesses have appreciated that highly effective teams can completely affect the company
and help them stay competitive; businesses continue to search for ways to improve teamwork
through training and development.

In order to understand the accurate state of affairs, the researcher has started research to examine
effect which team building exercises and such interferences may have on team effectiveness and
as to what extent.

It is teamwork that remains the ultimate competitive advantage, mutually because it is so

powerful and so rare.” In today’s business scenario teams have come to be considered as a
central element in the functioning of organizations.

LITERATURE REVIEW
On studying several research in the field of team, it has emerged that, a team can be defined as
(a) two or more individuals who (b) socially interact (face-to-face or, gradually, effectively); (c)
possess one or more common goals; (d) are brought together to perform organizationally
significant tasks; (e) exhibit interdependencies with respect to workflow, goals, and outcomes;
(f) have different roles and responsibilities; and (g) are together surrounded in an encompassing
organizational system, with boundaries and connections to the wider system context and task
environment. As defined by Dyer, “Team building is an intervention conducted in a work unit as
an action to deal with a condition (or conditions) seen as needing improvement” (Dyer, 1977,
p.41). In the words of Beer, team building is a process by which members of a group diagnose
how they work together and plan changes which will improve their effectiveness (Beer, 1980, p.
These interventions may have emphasis on fun and satisfaction (such as paintball, river rafting),
recreation of workplace dynamics (such as ropes courses), or problem-solving activities (indoor
or outdoor experiential games), psychometric assessment to limit roles and personality (Gmeiner
& Van Wyk 2001), adventure- based interventions as described by Kriek (2006) and Heunis
(1997), and also psychodynamic interventions, particularly the Tavistock approach (Cilliers
2000)
CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATIONS
Examines on the treatment data have shown evidence that all Six of TAQ subscales, have
different means for time 1 (pretest) and time 2 (posttest). These results seem to suggest that
Team Building Exercises do have an influence on the scores of the all Six TAQ Sub Scales. In
other words, there is a link between attending team building exercises and team efficiency.
Examines on the control data show no significant differences between the time 1 and the time 2
scores of any of the TAQ subscales. These results support the idea that changes in the scores of
TAQ Sub Scaled that we observe among the training contestants can be attributed to the team
building intervention they attended. Considering at the experiential values, it may also be
suggested that Team Building Intervention is successful in increasing Team Effectiveness. Under
given are few recommendations linked to conduct of Team Building Exercises and use of Team
Building Exercise sessions: Team building exercises must be used only for developmental
purpose. It should not be connected with any sentence for not active participation in the
exercises. To make team building activity live up to its true potential and to fetch maximum
result out of it, it is necessary to integrate the team building with real-time work goals. It is vital
to make the respectable feelings and the outcomes from the team building activity last beyond
the final team building exercise. For this organizations must work upon their strategies on the
basis of feedback received from TAQ assessment. The likely long-term effectiveness of a team
building event is boosted when organizations combine annual team building events into an
overall company structure. Appropriate planning of team building intervention and also its
appropriate conduct is necessary. Poorly planned team building exercises may lead on failure of
team building interventions and also team structure. Once team building exercises, there are
probable chances that people will go back to their old ways of doing things once they go back to
the office. Teams need maintenance to build their strength regularly to change deep-rooted
systems effectively. After the onetime event, there should be monitor up workshops. To have an
effective team building process, the workshops should be well planned. Team building should
outcome in actionable ideas to help the team and the association achieve their goals. Continued
learning and reinforcement are necessities.

Team Performance: A Systematic Review

INTRODUCTION:
It has been acclaimed that teams/groups play a crucial role in organizations effectiveness.
Teams out perform a task as compared to a single individual because diverse opinions flow in
and that creates opportunities if dealt properly. Many organizations are investing in enhancing
team work among their employees as it is considered as a vital option for performance.

From road construction crews and professional soccer squads to political parties and special
operations corps, teams have become an important aspect of the current society.
Patrick Lencioni observed in his book that “Not finance. Not strategy. Not technology. Team
work is what provides leverage against other organizations.

Team building is process that requires continuation. The team needs to be provided with the
proper resources, training and skill that they require for them to maximize performance. This
process is to be managed after as to avoid conflicts.

LITERATURE REVIEW:
The previous reviews when examined show that the quantity of research in teamwork is
gradually decreasing but the quality of research is improving. Most of the focus of the research is
on white collar teams or the middle line management and little attention is provided to blue
collar teams. Team building interventions are considered to be vital to increase a team’s
effectiveness. Team building also shows positive response on perceptions attitude. But
behavioral aspect also plays an important role in team building and performance.

A 2-experiment study was conducted using computer simulation methodology in which the role
of cross training on performance and coordination was examined among teams. Although the
depth of cross training on team performance was not concluded certain aspects did emerge out
that play an important role. Poor member composition (e.g. Biasedness among selection, less
diversification) and ineffective pay systems lead to low performance of the group. Mohrman
(Mohrman, Cohen, and Mohrman) debates that some members don’t perform effectively as they
are not mentally ready to perform in a team. Whereas Sundstorm argued that effective teams can
be created if they are provided with proper managerial support and designed training programs
that support their system.

Conclusion:
Mutual understanding and team coordination are key factor for a group to perform
well if administered and provided with the utilities and support required by the staff. Empirical
study on team building and enhancing cross training exercises must increase as to create more
effective programs. To have an effective team building process, the workshops should be well
planned. Team building should outcome in actionable ideas to help the team and the association
achieves their goals.

Summary of movie
The film star Shahrukh Khan played the role of Kabir Khan, a former captain of the Indian men's
national field-hockey team. After a failing attempt to score a goal against their biggest rival
‘Pakistan’, Kabir Khan and his mother were ostracized by his neighbors and shamed by the fans
of Indian hockey team. A chance of redemption comes his way, after seven years, when he is
asked to be the coach of Indian women’s national field-hockey team that exists only on paper.
Unfortunately, he is met with the challenge of uniting a team consisting of girls with their
separate agendas. Emerging victorious is what he focuses on as he knows this will be the last
hope he has to clear his name.

Main Characters of Chak De India

Kabir Khan
This character, played by Shahrukh Khan is truly inspirational as he motivates the girls to
challenge the status quo created by the Indian society and break through socio-cultural
challenges and stereotyping by making their goals and ambitions a priority for them. He involves
himself in team building, focusing on creating unity in diversity among the team and in the end is
seen successful in creating a victorious team.
Although all team members of the Indian women’s national field-hockey team were vital and
played their part in supporting the movie plot, we will discuss the few team members who were
the most important for this concept to be presented.

Vidya Sharma
This character plays the role of the captain and the goalie of the team. Her character transforms
from a weak start into a strong women who is ready to put her ambition above all. Initially, in the
movie Vidya faces pressure from her father-in-law who finds being a part of the national
women’s team not glorious and clearly believes that a women’s job is to take care of the
household matters. However, in the end, her husband comes to congratulate her at the airport and
tells her how proud her father-in-law is of her, when she and her team wins the World’s Hockey
Championship.

Preeti Sabarwal
Plays at the center-forward position. Initially engaged to the one of India’s best cricketer named
Abhimanyu, Preeti is called to marry him. However, Preeti needs time and wants to focus on her
career, belittling Preeti, Abhimanyu asks her to quit it, but Preeti disagrees and walks away from
him. Later, in the movie she is shown determined to prove Abhimanyu wrong and how much of
an important contribution she can make.

Komal Chautala
This character came from a conservative family of Haryana, trying to prove her family her
worth, she plans on being the highest scorer, but in the end she selflessly gives away the chance
to win this title to Preeti Sabarwal.

Bindiya Naik
The senior most player, positioned at the center-half finds it difficult to adjust to the new rules.
From asking girls to sign a petition to kick out the coach to stealing other team member’s
position she tries everything to create hurdles for the team. But in the end, she understands the
importance of group cohesiveness and her experience. Later, in the movie she uses her
experience to help the team win a match against South Korea.

Balbir Kaur
This hot-headed girl, finds it impossible to communicate with the two players who came from
Jharkhand. Often belittling them at the start, Balbir Kaur gets into a lot of arguments and creates
chaos. However, she later apologizes and makes peace with them to improve group
cohesiveness.

Application of OB in movie
Team building in this movie is a major concept of OB that is applied. At the start of the movie,
team members from diverse backgrounds are shown coming together to form the Indian
women’s national field-hockey team, differences in their ethnicity, language, culture,
personality, and attitude seemed problematic, and like a barrier, however their mutual hate for
the coach’s approach to training and later their common aim to play for their country and to
show the people what they are capable of achieving brought them closer together.
Another concept named Group Formation was practiced in the movie. All four stages of group
formation could clearly be observed and are discussed below:

Forming is the identified by the uncertainty about roles, other group members and task
requirements, however they are brought together by a common goal. This stage is shown in the
movie in the first half when team members come together from different Indian states, for
example Komal Chautala came from Haryana, Preeti Sabarwal from Chandigarh, Balbir Kaur
from Punjab, Soimoi Kerketa and Rani Dispotta came from Jharkhand, they all had different
personalities as Balbir Kaur was short-tempered, Soimoi Kerketa was shown to be an introvert,
they all possessed different skills and were brought together to form a diversified workgroup to
achieve a common goal.

Storming stage is initiated immediately after the forming stage. This stage in group formation
comes when conflicts arises as they argue how they should get the beds, some want to follow the
allocated beds they’ve been assigned but others such as Bindiya Naik refuses to accept the new
rule. Conflict also arises in the movie when they are put in different positions, where Bindiya
Naik and Komal Chautala again fights to get her place where she previously played.
Furthermore, another conflict arises when Vidya Sharma gets selected as the captain of the team
instead of Bindiya Naik, who was the senior-most player in the team. A clear hierarchy of
leadership within the group is observed.

Norming stage is characterized by group cohesiveness. The team bonding is observed in the
scene where Bindiya Naik makes all the players sign a petition to demand the resignation of the
coach, Kabir Khan. Furthermore, when they fought against the men who tried to harass two of
the members of the team, they bonded together in order to fight them off, later in the movie they
play against the Indian men’s national field-hockey team to win a chance to go to the World
Championship, in this match they unite as one, a strong sense of group identity and
companionship is shown.

Performing stage is when group energy has moved from getting to know and understand each
other to performing. The victory against England, Spain, New Zealand, South Africa, Argentina
and South Korea exhibits the team members at performing stage. During the last match against
Australia, when Komal Chautala passed the ball to Preeti Sabarwal, a formation of an actual
team can be observed, which was rewarded by an equalizer goal and gave them an opportunity to
still retain their position in the match.

Another concept of OB shown in the movie is group decision-making.by collecting the input of
several members, groups bring more heterogeneity into the group decisions. All members of the
group come together in the process of deindividuation and contribute to the outcome. Once again
the scene where the coach was asked to resign, the practice of group decision making could be
observed. It is again observed when the women’s team decides to play against the men’s team.

Group Cohesiveness is observed during the fight against men harassing at McDonald’s in the
first half of the movie, their game against the men’s team and all the matches of the World
Championship, which was a major reason behind their victory in the competition.

Group roles emerged almost immediately when the team gathered together, for example Kabir
Khan as the leader, Vidya Sharma as the initiator and Bindiya Naik as the dominator and
blocker. Moreover, group norms; acceptable standards of behavior within a group that are shared
by members of the group were shown in the movie such as the players were ordered to sleep in
the beds allocated to them and play at positions that were already decided by the coach, Kabir
Khan.

Relevance of movie and the article

One of the most troubling things about working in startups is the kind of people you get to
interact with, most of them are rock stars, divas. And isn’t that the quality of team you want to
build? The problem is that most of the rock stars carry a big ego tag – they “know” that they are
always right; and this, obviously results in friction across the entire team.

Take the case of Bindiya Naik, senior-most player in the team. She valued this opportunity very
lightly, portraying as if she just knew that she was right. She had her own “fan following” and
never bothered herself with the game. Doesn’t she reminds you of a boss who likes to cut out
innovative ideas? Simply because he believes has “been there, and done that!”?

Me-first attitude: Who doesn’t want to be the number one? Now, if I have to be the number one,
everybody else got to be number 2 and below. Isn’t it the most common kind of attitude in team
members? The internal rivalry leads to people pulling each other down and competing against
each other within the group. What happens to such a team? It fails miserably.

Chak de India portrayed this phenomena in a very subtle manner, the top scorers Preeti
Sabharwal and Komal Chautala competes to bag the highest scorer positon. Which isn’t basically
something alarmingly problematic. However, what really affects the team’s performance is that
they start competing with each other and stop passing the ball to each other; which eventually
proves to be beneficial for the opponent team.

It is teamwork that remains the ultimate competitive advantage, both because it is so powerful
and so rare. According to the article written by Ms. Neelam Saraswat and Dr. Shilpi Khandelwa
a team can be defined as;

I. Two or more individuals.

II. Social interaction.
III. Has one or more common goals.
IV. Are brought together to perform organizationally relevant tasks.
V. Exhibit interdependencies with respect to workflow, goals, and outcomes.
VI. Have specific roles and responsibilities.
In this Movie there were a total of sixteen players each from a different region and cast, the
players were interacting on filed (on field interaction), their goals were to play for India at
international level, secondly to win the world cup and to shut down the stereotypes about
women. All the players from different states were together to perform the group and individual
tasks they were provided and positions they were allotted. Each player has a specific role and
responsibility each player plays a vital role in the team. Though it be a keeper or a defender or
forward or the coach.

Further according to the article in the words of Beer, “team building is a process by which
members of a group diagnose how they work together and plan changes which will improve their
effectiveness.

In the movie chosen the major point was the team buildup and team work. All the sixteen team
members were from different states of India each had a different mindset and a different way of
playing and with different techniques and experience. No one is perfect so all of them had some
problems that had to be focused and overcome, as they practiced and got into interaction with
each other while practicing helped them overcome the weakness. As Balbir Kaur who was short
tempered got to overcome her lacking by playing when she got yellow card in the first match.

Reflection
Immense amount of attention and screen timing has been allotted to the players, the diversity in
culture, and their language and team dynamics in order to further make the concept of team
building understandable. Diversity has been shown because it sometimes becomes a hurdle for
the team and diversity should be converted to a single identity. That Kabir Khan tried by saying
"say India" "we the Indian" rather than telling the name of state when the players were
introducing themselves.

Work as a Team: while each individual member may have their own set of unique skills to offer
to the team, teamwork and cohesiveness is mandatory for progress. When a perfect blend of
various skills is achieved, the sky is the limit. The above being said, it is also of immense
importance to assign task properly. In the movie, Kabir Khan is easily able to figure out which
team member is best at which task, and places the team on the field accordingly to attain
maximum performance. Similarly, if a person who is an introvert in nature is sent off by the
company to be a salesman would never be able to accomplish the kind of efficiency and success
that a person with extraversion personality would be able to. Building a team properly is crucial
for achieving a goal.
Comply with Group Norms: In order to create unity in the team everyone should follow the rules
and regulations, no self-ego; such as Bindiya Naik refused to change her position when the coach
told her to and she did not practiced for the five consecutive days. They fight over the place to
sleep.

Individual Differences: each player is different and has its own demand and importance in the
team e.g. Bindiya Naik used her technique and experience against the south Korea likewise in
marketing org it is preferred that team must have different personalities in order to communicate
and achieve goals easily and quickly.

No Favoritism: In the movie Kabir Khan does not favor anyone in fact the highest scorer and the
most experienced players had to face the punishments such as Preeti Sabarwal had to run ten
rounds in seven minutes as a punishment of not being on time.

Cooperation: cooperation with each other and good relations with the team mate is very
important to make a team work effectively. Preeti Sabarwal and Komal Chautala did not pass
each other ball and were not cooperating at all and went solo they wanted to score alone in order
to win the highest scorer award.

REFERENCES:
 https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0169604
 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4215500/
 https://scinapse.io/papers/2096413612
 https://scinapse.io/papers/1815768630
 http://www.iaeme.com/MasterAdmin/uploadfolder/IJMHRM_06_03_010/IJMHRM_06_
03_010.pdf