Substation Automation and RET 670 Transformer

Protection Training Protection Training

High Impedance
ABB Power Technologies AB, 2007
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2008-05-23 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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RET 670 – High Impedance Differential Protection

„ High impedance differential protection (PDIF, 87)

„ Up to six instances available
„ Requires
„ CT cores to have the same turns ratio and similar magnetizing
characteristic
„ external stabilizing resistors and metrosils

RCT RL UR RL RCT

EKN EKN
RSTAB Metrosil
ABB Power Technologies AB, 2007

Single current input

3I>
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2008-05-23 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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 RET 670 – High Impedance Differential Protection

„ High impedance differential protection (PDIF, 87)

„ High impedance restricted earthfault

IdN
ABB Power Technologies AB, 2007

„ High impedance differential

„ Autotransformer, reactor, T-feeder
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2008-05-23 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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RET 670 – High Impedance Differential Protection

„ High impedance differential protection (PDIF, 87)

„ Applications

1Ph restricted earthfault 3Ph (= 3x 1Ph) autotransformer

differential
ABB Power Technologies AB, 2007
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2008-05-23 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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 RET 670 – High Impedance Differential Protection

„ High impedance differential protection (PDIF, 87)

„ Applications

3Ph = (3x 1Ph) T-feeder 3Ph (= 3x 1Ph) tertiary

differential busbar differential
ABB Power Technologies AB, 2007
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2008-05-23 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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RET 670 – High Impedance Differential Protection

„ High impedance differential protection (PDIF, 87)

„ Applications

3Ph = (3x 1Ph) reactor 3Ph (= 3x 1Ph) generator

differential differential
ABB Power Technologies AB, 2007
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2008-05-23 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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 RET 670 – High Impedance Differential Protection

„ High impedance differential protection (PDIF, 87)

„ Principle of operation
„ The principle of operation is based on the fact that, for balanced
through current conditions, the CT secondary currents will circulate
between the involved current transformers and not flow through the
differential (IED) path due to its high impedance (RSTAB)
„ RSTAB must always have a high impedance value to ensure that the
current will circulate and not flow through the differential path

RCT RL RL RCT HZD1-

UR HZPDIF
ISI
EKN EKN
RSTAB Metrosil
ABB Power Technologies AB, 2007

3I>
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2008-05-23 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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RET 670 – High Impedance Differential Protection

„ High impedance differential protection (PDIF, 87)

„ Principle of operation
„ When an internal fault occurs, the current can no longer circulate and
will be forced through the differential path causing operation
„ The current transformers will immediately saturate due to the high
impedance and an rms voltage will be developed across RSTAB, the
magnitude of which will depend on the size of the current transformer
saturation voltage
„ Due to the fast saturation for internal faults, very high peak voltages
can occur – to prevent the risk of flashover in the circuit, a voltage
limiter must be included, i.e. a metrosil = a voltage dependent resistor
ABB Power Technologies AB, 2007
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2008-05-23 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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 RET 670 – High Impedance Differential Protection

„ High impedance differential protection (PDIF, 87)

„ Principle of operation
„ For a through fault one current transformer might saturate while the
others still feed current – under these circumstances a voltage will be
developed across the stabilizing resistor

URSTAB = IFAULT * (RCT + RLOOP)

„ It is necessary to determine the maximum possible voltage URSTAB_MAX

that can be developed across the stabilizing resistor (all loops) for a
through fault with a saturated CT – using the formula above
„ IFAULT must be the maximum secondary side through fault current
„ RCT is the current transformer secondary resistance and
„ RLOOP must be the maximum loop resistance of the circuit for any CT
ABB Power Technologies AB, 2007

„ URSTAB_MAX = the minimum required operating voltage UR

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2008-05-23 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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RET 670 – High Impedance Differential Protection

„ High impedance differential protection (PDIF, 87)

„ Principle of operation
„ The IED operate (pickup) voltage level (setting U>Trip) must be set
higher than UR
U>Trip > UR

„ For an internal fault (where an rms voltage will be developed across

the stabilizing resistor, with magnitude depending on the size of the
current transformer saturation voltage), the current transformer
saturation voltage must be at least 2x the set U>Trip to ensure
sufficient operating margin

USAT ≥ 2 * U>Trip

or
ABB Power Technologies AB, 2007

U>Trip ≤ ½USAT
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2008-05-23 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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 RET 670 – High Impedance Differential Protection

„ High impedance differential protection (PDIF, 87)

„ Principle of operation
„ Based on the set U>Trip, the value for the stabilizing resistor must
now be determined
„ The stabilizing resistor in the external unit has an overall value,
depending on the alternative ordered, of either
„ 6800 Ohms, or
„ 2200 Ohms
with a shorting link to allow adjustment to the required resistance
value
ABB Power Technologies AB, 2007
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2008-05-23 Substation Automation and Protection Training

11

RET 670 – High Impedance Differential Protection

„ High impedance differential protection (PDIF, 87)

„ Principle of operation
„ The function has an operating current range of 20 mA to 1.0 A for 1A
inputs, and 100 mA to 5.0 A for 5A inputs

U>Trip

„ For 1A input, RSTAB = 1000 to 6800 Ohms

For 5A input, RSTAB = 200 to 2000 Ohms
ABB Power Technologies AB, 2007

„ A higher resistance value will give a higher sensitivity, and a lower

value a lower sensitivity
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2008-05-23 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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 RET 670 – High Impedance Differential Protection

„ High impedance differential protection (PDIF, 87)

„ Principle of operation
„ IED ‘measured voltage’ = measured current * set value for
SeriesResistor
Set value for SeriesResistor = actual ohmic value chosen for RSTAB
For operation, IED ‘measured voltage’ ≥ U>Trip
ABB Power Technologies AB, 2007
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2008-05-23 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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RET 670 – High Impedance Differential Protection

„ High impedance differential protection (PDIF, 87)

„ Principle of operation
„ The sensitivity of the scheme, IP, can now be calculated for the
selected RSTAB value and the set U>Trip value
„ The sensitivity is determined by the total current in the circuit
(vectorial sum) according to the following:

where
„ n is the CT ratio
„ IR is the current through the IED
„ Ires is the current through the voltage limiter, and
ABB Power Technologies AB, 2007

„ ΣImag is the sum of the magnetizing currents from all CTs in the
circuit (e.g. 4 for restricted earth fault protection, 2 for reactor
differential protection, 3-4 for autotransformer differential
protection, etc.)
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2008-05-23 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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 RET 670 – High Impedance Differential Protection

„ High impedance differential protection (PDIF, 87)

„ Principle of operation
„ The series resistor is dimensioned for 200 W, so preferably
U>Trip2/SeriesResistor should always be lower than 200 W to allow
continuous energization during testing – if this value is exceeded,
testing should only be done with transient faults
ABB Power Technologies AB, 2007
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2008-05-23 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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RET 670 – High Impedance Differential Protection

„ High impedance differential protection (PDIF, 87)

„ Logic diagram

„ Settings:
ABB Power Technologies AB, 2007

„ U>Alarm, tAlarm, U>Trip

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2008-05-23 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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 RET 670 – High Impedance Differential Protection

„ High impedance differential protection (PDIF, 87)

„ Function block

‘Analog’ quantity input

‘Analog’ quantity output

ABB Power Technologies AB, 2007
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2008-05-23 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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RET 670 – High Impedance Differential Protection

„ High impedance differential protection (PDIF, 87)

„ Function block – analog connection (1Ph REF)
ABB Power Technologies AB, 2007
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2008-05-23 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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 RET 670 – High Impedance Differential Protection

„ High impedance differential protection (PDIF, 87)

„ Function block – analog connection (3Ph differential)
ABB Power Technologies AB, 2007
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2008-05-23 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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RET 670 – High Impedance Differential Protection - Settings

ABB Power Technologies AB, 2007
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2008-05-23 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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RET 670 – High Impedance Differential Protection - Settings
Settings
Settings group N1
Differential protection
HighImpDifferential(PDIF,87)

Off; On
ABB Power Technologies AB, 2007
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2008-05-23 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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RET 670 – High Impedance Differential Protection - Settings

„ The CT inputs used for the high impedance differential protection shall be set
to have ratio 1:1
Settings
General settings
Analog modules
AnalogInputsxIandyU
ABB Power Technologies AB, 2007
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2008-05-23 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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 RET 670 – High Impedance Differential Protection

„ High impedance differential protection (PDIF, 87)

„ Service values
ABB Power Technologies AB, 2007
©

2008-05-23 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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RET 670 – High Impedance Differential Protection

„ High impedance differential protection (PDIF, 87)

„ Service values
ABB Power Technologies AB, 2007
©

2008-05-23 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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ABB Power Technologies AB, 2007
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2008-05-23 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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