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Moments of Inertia of pile sections from the BSC Piling Handbook.
Moments capacities based on Grade 50B steel
Working stresses : Temporary, 215N/mm² Permanent, 170N/mm²
Moment capacity •
Section Combined Moment Section Temp. Perm.
of Inertia Modulus Works Works •
m4/m cm4/m cm3/m kN.m/m kN.m/m •
Larssen LX32 0.00072028 72028 3201 688 544 •
Frodingham 1BXN 0.00004919 4919 688 148 117
•
Frodingham 1N 0.00006048 6048 713 153 121
Frodingham 2N 0.00013513 13513 1150 247 195 • θ
Frodingham 3N 0.00023885 23885 1688 363 287
Frodingham 3NA 0.00025687 25687 1690 363 287
•
Frodingham 4N 0.00039831 39831 2414 519 410 •
Frodingham 5 0.00049262 49262 3168 681 538
Frodingham FX13 0.00019693 19693 1313 282 223

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Stage No. 3 Excav. to elev. 6.00 on PASSIVE side
•
STABILITY ANALYSIS according to Strength Factor method
• Factor of safety on soil strength

FoS for toe Toe elev. for Strut force

elev. = -2.00 FoS = 2.000 for F=1.000
--------------- ------------- -----------
Stage --- G.L. --- Strut Factor Moment Toe Wall Strut
No. Act. Pass. Elev. of equilib. elev. Penetr force
Safety at elev. -ation kN/m run
2 11.00 6.00 Cant. 2.553 -0.90 0.20 5.80 -----
3 11.00 6.00 10.00 3.104 n/a 1.30 4.70 90.12
Stage No. 3 Excav. to elev. 6.00 on PASSIVE side

STABILITY ANALYSIS according to Strength Factor method

Factor of safety on soil strength

FoS for toe Toe elev. for Strut force

elev. = -2.00 FoS = 2.000 for F=1.000
--------------- ------------- -----------
Stage --- G.L. --- Strut Factor Moment Toe Wall Strut
No. Act. Pass. Elev. of equilib. elev. Penetr force
Safety at elev. -ation kN/m run
2 11.00 6.00 Cant. 2.553 -0.90 0.20 5.80 -----
3 11.00 6.00 10.00 3.104 n/a 1.30 4.70 90.12
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*** Convergence failure - Out of balance shear force

at elevation -12.34 is 5.67% of the maximum
shear force. see Note.

*** Convergence failure - ill-conditioned problem

Convergence errors have occurred in at least one

Construction Stage. The errors are cumulative, and the
results of all stages must be inspected for significant out
of balance moment or shear at the toe of the wall.

Failure of the iterative procedure to converge to an

equilibrium solution may be due to a very high ratio of soil
stiffness to wall stiffness. The data should be reviewed to
see if realistic values have been specified.

Out of balance shear forces.

Percentage Error ¦ Interpretation
-----------------------------------
< 2% ¦ Generally acceptable
2% to 4% ¦ Use with caution
> 4% ¦ Should not be used
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 0 +5 +10 +15 +20 +25 +30 +35
10 1.42 1.55 1.62 - - - - -
15 1.70 1.88 2.05 2.12 - - - -

20 2.04 2.28 2.55 2.77 2.83 - - -

25 2.46 2.85 3.21 3.57 3.85 3.89 - -

30 3.00 3.56 4.07 4.63 5.16 5.53 5.56 -

35 3.69 4.48 5.30 6.14 6.99 7.83 8.41 8.36

40 4.60 5.78 7.03 8.37 9.75 11.3 12.7 13.8

45 5.83 7.58 9.58 11.8 14.3 16.9 19.7 22.5

50 7.55 10.2 13.5 17.4 21.9 26.9 32.6 38.9

 φ

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δ

0 0 2.00 1.83 1.68 1.54 1.40 1.29

0 1 2.83 2.60 2.38 2.16 1.96 1.76
phi 0.5 2.45 2.10 1.82 1.55 1.32 1.15
phi 1 2.83 2.47 2.13 1.85 1.59 1.41

0 5 10 15 20 25
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0 0 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.1

0 0.5 2.4 2.6 2.9 3.2 3.5 3.8
0 1 2.6 2.9 3.2 3.6 4.0 4.4
phi 0.5 2.4 2.8 1.82 3.8 4.5 5.5
phi 1 2.6 2.9 2.13 3.9 4.7 5.7
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