EE 454: Power System Operation and Control

Lecture Eighth
See Time Table Semester
Schedule Spring 2017

Credit EE 452: Power System Analysis

Three Pre-requisite
Hours

saqib@uet.edu.pk
Instructor(s) Dr. Muhammad Asghar Saqib Contact
Tel. (HV Eng. Lab): 042-9902 9423

Room 104, Ground Floor

Monday - Thursday
Office EE Department, and Office Hours
02:00 pm – 03:00 pm
High Voltage Eng. Lab

This course will mainly present the steady-state operation and control issues of
interconnected power systems. Classical optimization of continuous functions, and its
application to optimal dispatch of generation and unit commitment will be covered.
Transient behaviour of a synchronous machine and its application in the transient
Course
stability of a power system are also discussed. The automatic-voltage regulator, load-
Description
frequency control and automatic-generation control, which help operate a power system
in steady state, will be covered in detail. Contingency analysis is also covered in the
course. Throughout the course algorithms will be developed to simulate the behavior of a
power system and MATLAB will be extensively used.

Upon completion of the course, students will:

 Understand the formulation of optimal power flow.
 Know the importance of unit commitment.
 Become familiar with the dynamic behaviour of synchronous machines.
Expected
Outcomes  Understand the non-linear nature of power systems and obtain numerical solution for
the transient-stability analysis.
 Become familiar with the applications of control techniques in load-frequency
control and AVR systems.
 Understand the importance of fast computation in contingency analysis

REQUIRED:
 Power System Analysis by Hadi SAADAT, PSA Publishing, Third Edition, 2010.
 Power System Analysis by John J Grainger & W.D. Stevenson, McGraw Hill, 1994.
OPTIONAL:
Textbooks  Power System Analysis and Design by J. Duncan GLOVER, Mulukutla S. SARMA
and Thomas J. OVERBYE, Thomson Learning, Fourth Edition, 2008. Accompanied
software at: www.powerworld.com/gloversarmaoverbye
 Power System Analysis by John J Grainger & W.D. Stevenson, McGraw Hill, 1994.
 .Power System Analysis by Arthur R. BERGEN and Vijay VITTAL, Prentice Hall,
Second Edition, 2000.

 Sessional Marks (based on quizzes & class participation)30%

Grading  Midterm 30%
Policy  Final 40%
NOTE: Less than 75% attendance will result in ‘WF’ grade!
 Lecture Plan

Course Contents Textbook Ref. Week *

Introduction to optimal dispatch of generation; Non-linear function optimization with equality Ch. 7
1
and inequality constraints (Saadat)
Operating cost of a thermal power plant; Economic dispatch neglecting losses and Ch. 7
2
generator limits (Saadat)
Ch. 7
Economic dispatch neglecting losses and including and including generator limits (Saadat) 3

Ch. 7
Economic dispatch including losses; Derivation of loss formula (Saadat) 4

Class Notes
Introduction to unit commitment; Simple applications of unit commitment 5

Quiz-1 Class Notes 5

Introduction to synchronous machine transient analysis; Simplified models of synchronous Ch. 8

6
machines for transient analysis (Saadat)
Introduction to power system stability; Swing equation; Synchronous machines models for Ch. 11
7
stability studies (Saadat)
Ch. 11
Mid Term Examination 8
(Saadat)
Ch. 11
Steady-state stability – small disturbances; Transient stability; Equal-area criterion 9
(Saadat)
Application to three-phase fault; Numerical solution of non-linear equations; Numerical Ch. 11
10
solution of swing equation; Multi-machine transient stability (Saadat)
Ch. 12
Introduction to power system control; Basic generator control loops; Load-frequency control 11
(Saadat)
Automatic generation control; AGC in a single-area system; AGC in multi-area system; Tie- Ch. 12
12
line bias control (Saadat)
Ch. 12
Quiz-2 12
(Saadat)
AGC with optimal dispatch of generation; Reactive power and voltage control; Excitation Ch. 12
13
system stabilizer (Saadat)
Ch. 12
AGC including excitation system; Introductory modern control application 14
(Saadat)
Introduction to contingency analysis; Representation of the addition and removal of multiple Ch. 12
(Saadat) 15
lines; Piecewise solution of interconnected systems
Analyses of single and multiple contingencies; Contingency using fast de-coupled power Ch. 12
16
flow method (Saadat)

Final Term Examination

Laboratory
 Experiment 1: Economic dispatch of generators in a loss-less power system – implementation
in PWS
 Experiment 2: Analysis of a power system containing regulating transformers – implementation
in PWS
 Experiment 3: A generator’s reactive-power capability curve and reactive-power compensation
– implementation in PWS
 Experiment 4: Network reduction and determining network’ equivalents – implementation in
PWS
 Experiment 5: Numerical solution of non-linear equations using Euler’s method, modified
Euler’s method, ode23 and ode45
 Experiment 6: Single-machine stability study using ode23 and ode45 (Simulink)
 Experiment 6: Frequency deviation step response of an isolated power system without
controller and controller
 Experiment 7: Frequency deviation step response in two-area system with only primary LFC
loop
 Experiment 8: Frequency deviation step response in two-area system with tie-line bias control
 Experiment 9: Implementation and study of automatic voltage regulator
 Experiment 10: Automatic voltage regulator with power system (excitation system) stabilizer
 Experiment 11: Automatic voltage regulator with PID controller
 End-Term Project: Power flow, transient stability and contingency studies of a six-bus, three-
machine system given in Example 11.7 (Saadat)