Substation Automation and RET 670

Protection Training Transformer Protection

Exercises
ABB Power Technologies AB, 2007
©

2008-05-23 Substation Automation and Protection Training

1

RET 670 – Exercise 1

„ Exercise 1
„ Transformer details
„ 2- or 3-winding, depending on whether RET 670 IED has 2- or 3-
winding transformer differential protection

2-winding
Rating: HV/MV = 300/300 MVA
Vector group: (i) YNd1
(ii) YNd5
HV-side rated voltage: 400kV
HV-side rated current: 433A
MV-side rated voltage: 132kV
MV-side rated current: 1312A
ABB Power Technologies AB, 2007
3-winding
Rating: HV/MV/LV = 300/300/30 MVA
Vector group: (i) YNd1d5
(ii) YNd5d11
HV-side rated voltage: 400kV
HV-side rated current: 433A
MV-side rated voltage: 132kV
MV-side rated current: 1312A

LV-side rated voltage: 22kV

LV-side rated current: 787A
©

2008-05-23 Substation Automation and Protection Training

2
 RET 670 – Exercise 1

„ Exercise 1
„ CT details

2-winding
HV-side: 500/1, CT starpoint towards
the transformer
MV-side: 1600/1, CT starpoint
(a) towards the transformer
(b) away from the transformer
ABB Power Technologies AB, 2007
©
3-winding
HV-side: 500/1, CT starpoint towards
the transformer
MV-side: 1600/1, CT starpoint
(a) towards the transformer
(b) away from the transformer
LV-side: 1000/1, CT starpoint towards
the transformer

2008-05-23 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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RET 670 – Exercise 1

„ Exercise 1
„ Task
„ Import the PCM 600 project “Exported PCM Project SEP-603B”
„ Application Configuration
„ Start Application Configuration for the 2 WIND or 3 WIND IED in
the project depending on whether your RET 670 IED has a 2-
winding or 3-winding differential protection function
„ Perform “Upload Options” – the software function library in your
project IED is now exactly the same as in your RET 670 IED
„ Perform “File/Load/Uploaded Data” in the “Function Selector
Tool” – the hardware library in your project IED is now exactly the
same as in your RET 670 IED
„ Compile, then download the configuration to the RET IED
ABB Power Technologies AB, 2007
©

2008-05-23 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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 RET 670 – Exercise 1

„ Exercise 1
„ Task
„ Application Configuration
„ The configuration comprises:
„ connection of the analog quantities – HV, MV (and LV)
phase currents – to the differential function
„ connection of the trip output signal from the differential
function to the trip logic block
„ connection of the trip output signal from the trip logic block to
a signal matrix for binary outputs block to allow for assigning
of the trip signal to a physical trip output contact
ABB Power Technologies AB, 2007
©

2008-05-23 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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RET 670 – Exercise 1

„ Exercise 1
„ Task
„ Application Configuration
„ The configuration comprises:
„ connection of the following analog quantities and binary
signals to the disturbance recorder for recording: all input
currents; differential currents from all three phases; bias
current; phase segregated start outputs, and all trip outputs,
from the differential function
„ connection of the following signals to a signal matrix for
binary outputs block for LED indication: the phase
segregated start outputs, and all trip outputs, from the
differential function
„ connection of the analog quantities to the current
ABB Power Technologies AB, 2007

measurement blocks for viewing of the currents on the HMI

©

2008-05-23 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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 RET 670 – Exercise 1

„ Exercise 1
„ Task
„ Signal Matrix
„ Start Signal Matrix
„ Map each of the phase L1, L2 and L3 HV and MV currents to a
physical CT input channel (Analog Inputs)
Note: Even if the differential protection function is for 3-winding
transformers, we will only inject HV- and MV-side currents, so
there is no need to map the LV currents to physical CT input
channels
„ Map the single 3-phase trip output signal to a physical binary
output contact (Binary Outputs)
„ Map each of the LED signals to an actual LED (start outputs to
ABB Power Technologies AB, 2007

LEDs 7, 8, 9; and trip outputs to LEDs 1, 2, 3, 4) (Binary Outputs)

„ Download the signal matrix to the RET IED
©

2008-05-23 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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RET 670 – Exercise 1

„ Exercise 1
„ Task
„ Parameter Setting
„ Start Parameter Setting
„ Enter all required settings
„ Disturbance recorder:
All connected binary signals to be trigger signals
All trip signals to turn on the red trip status LED
„ Differential protection function:
IdMin = 0,30
NegSeqDiffEn = Off
„ Download the settings to the RET IED
ABB Power Technologies AB, 2007
©

2008-05-23 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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 RET 670 – Exercise 1

„ Exercise 1
„ Task
„ Parameter Setting
„ Table of settings for the differential protection function

Settings: T3D1/T2D1
Operation On I2/I1Ratio 15,0
SOTFMode Off I5/I1Ratio 25,0
IDiffAlarm 0,20 CrossBlockEn On
tAlarmDelay 10,000 NegSeqDiffEn Off
IdMin 0,30 IMinNegSeq 0,04
EndSection1 1,25 NegSeqROA 60,0
EndSection2 3,00 OpenCTEnable Off
SlopeSection2 40,0 tOCTAlarmDelay 3,000
SlopeSection3 80,0 tOCTResetDelay 0,250
ABB Power Technologies AB, 2007

IdUnre 10,00 tOCTUnrstDelay 10,00

©

2008-05-23 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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RET 670 – Exercise 1

„ Exercise 1
„ Task
„ Injection testing
„ Verify the through load stability (HV-MV) at full load for:
„ Vector group (i) and MV-side CT starpoint (a)
„ Vector group (i) and MV-side CT starpoint (b)
„ Vector group (ii) and MV-side CT starpoint (a)
„ Vector group (ii) and MV-side CT starpoint (b)
ABB Power Technologies AB, 2007
©

2008-05-23 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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 RET 670 – Exercise 1

„ Exercise 1
„ Task
„ Injection testing
„ For a transformer with vector group (i) and MV-side CT starpoint
(a)
„ Measure the current pickup level of the differential function for
balanced three-phase injection from the HV-side (ramp, stop
the injection when the differential function operates) –
calculate whether the measured pickup level is correct?
„ Repeat, but this time for single-phase injection from the HV-
side – calculate whether the measured pickup level is correct?
„ Repeat, but this time for balanced three-phase and then
single-phase injection from the MV-side – calculate whether
the measured pickup levels are correct?
ABB Power Technologies AB, 2007

„ Would the above injection give different current pickup levels for a
transformer with vector group (ii), or MV-side CT starpoint (b)?
©

2008-05-23 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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RET 670 – Exercise 1

„ Exercise 1
„ Solution
„ Injection testing – verification of the through load stability at full load:
„ Vector group (i) and MV-side CT starpoint (a)
HV- (or W1-) side:
For full load, IPRIM = 433A, and ISEC = 433/500 = 0,866A
The flow of the primary current is ‘towards’ the transformer, i.e. in the
reference direction
The CT starpoint is ‘towards’ the transformer, i.e. ToObject
The flow of the secondary current is therefore ‘towards’ the RET IED
The HV-side currents for injection are therefore:

IL1HV = 0,866∠0°
ABB Power Technologies AB, 2007

IL2HV = 0,866∠240°

IL3HV = 0,866∠120°
©

2008-05-23 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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 RET 670 – Exercise 1

„ Exercise 1
„ Solution
„ Injection testing – verification of the through load stability at full load:
„ Vector group (i) and MV-side CT starpoint (a)
MV- (or W2-) side:
For full load, IPRIM = 1312A, and ISEC = 1312/1600 = 0,820A
The flow of the primary current is ‘away from’ the transformer, i.e.
opposite to the reference direction, and lagging the HV-side current by
30°
The CT starpoint is ‘towards’ the transformer, i.e. ToObject
The flow of the secondary current is therefore ‘away from’ the RET IED
The MV-side currents for injection are therefore:

IL1MV = 0,820∠(-30°+180°) = 0,820∠150°

ABB Power Technologies AB, 2007

IL2MV = 0,820∠(210°+180°) = 0,820∠30°

IL3MV = 0,820∠(90°+180°) = 0,820∠270°

©

2008-05-23 Substation Automation and Protection Training

13

RET 670 – Exercise 1

„ Exercise 1
„ Solution
„ Injection testing – verification of the through load stability at full load:
„ Vector group (i) and MV-side CT starpoint (b)
HV- (or W1-) side:
The same as before
The HV-side currents for injection are therefore:

IL1HV = 0,866∠0°

IL2HV = 0,866∠240°

IL3HV = 0,866∠120°
ABB Power Technologies AB, 2007
©

2008-05-23 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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 RET 670 – Exercise 1

„ Exercise 1
„ Solution
„ Injection testing – verification of the through load stability at full load:
„ Vector group (i) and MV-side CT starpoint (b)
MV- (or W2-) side:
For full load, IPRIM = 1312A, and ISEC = 1312/1600 = 0,820A
The flow of the primary current is ‘away from’ the transformer, i.e.
opposite to the reference direction, and lagging the HV-side current by
30°
The CT starpoint is ‘away from’ the transformer, i.e. FromObject
The flow of the secondary current is therefore ‘towards’ the RET IED
The MV-side currents for injection are therefore:

IL1MV = 0,820∠(-30°+180°+180°) = 0,820∠330°

ABB Power Technologies AB, 2007

IL2MV = 0,820∠(210°+180°+180°) = 0,820∠210°

IL3MV = 0,820∠(90°+180°+180°) = 0,820∠90°

©

2008-05-23 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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RET 670 – Exercise 1

„ Exercise 1
„ Solution
„ Injection testing – verification of the through load stability at full load:
„ Vector group (ii) and MV-side CT starpoint (a)
HV- (or W1-) side:
The same as before
The HV-side currents for injection are therefore:

IL1HV = 0,866∠0°

IL2HV = 0,866∠240°

IL3HV = 0,866∠120°
ABB Power Technologies AB, 2007
©

2008-05-23 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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 RET 670 – Exercise 1

„ Exercise 1
„ Solution
„ Injection testing – verification of the through load stability at full load:
„ Vector group (ii) and MV-side CT starpoint (a)
MV- (or W2-) side:
For full load, IPRIM = 1312A, and ISEC = 1312/1600 = 0,820A
The flow of the primary current is ‘away from’ the transformer, i.e.
opposite to the reference direction, and lagging the HV-side current by
150°
The CT starpoint is ‘towards’ the transformer, i.e. ToObject
The flow of the secondary current is therefore ‘away from’ the RET IED
The MV-side currents for injection are therefore:

IL1MV = 0,820∠(-150°+180°) = 0,820∠30°

ABB Power Technologies AB, 2007

IL2MV = 0,820∠(90°+180°) = 0,820∠270°

IL3MV = 0,820∠(-30°+180°) = 0,820∠150°

©

2008-05-23 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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RET 670 – Exercise 1

„ Exercise 1
„ Solution
„ Injection testing – verification of the through load stability at full load:
„ Vector group (ii) and MV-side CT starpoint (b)
HV- (or W1-) side:
The same as before
The HV-side currents for injection are therefore:

IL1HV = 0,866∠0°

IL2HV = 0,866∠240°

IL3HV = 0,866∠120°
ABB Power Technologies AB, 2007
©

2008-05-23 Substation Automation and Protection Training

18
 RET 670 – Exercise 1

„ Exercise 1
„ Solution
„ Injection testing – verification of the through load stability at full load:
„ Vector group (ii) and MV-side CT starpoint (b)
MV- (or W2-) side:
For full load, IPRIM = 1312A, and ISEC = 1312/1600 = 0,820A
The flow of the primary current is ‘away from’ the transformer, i.e.
opposite to the reference direction, and lagging the HV-side current by
150°
The CT starpoint is ‘away from’ the transformer, i.e. FromObject
The flow of the secondary current is therefore ‘towards’ the RET IED
The MV-side currents for injection are therefore:

IL1MV = 0,820∠(-150°+180°+180°) = 0,820∠210°

ABB Power Technologies AB, 2007

IL2MV = 0,820∠(90°+180°+180°) = 0,820∠90°

IL3MV = 0,820∠(-30°+180°+180°) = 0,820∠330°

©

2008-05-23 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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RET 670 – Exercise 1

„ Exercise 1
„ Solution
„ Injection testing – measurement of the current pickup levels
According to the definition, the
first Y-winding is the reference

RET
DIFFERENTIAL FUNCTION

HV

MV
ABB Power Technologies AB, 2007

Represent adjustment for

magnitude and phase shift
©

2008-05-23 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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 RET 670 – Exercise 1

„ Exercise 1
„ Solution
„ Injection testing – measurement of the current pickup levels

DIFFERENTIAL FUNCTION

ratio = ?

HV

MV
ABB Power Technologies AB, 2007

ratio = ?
©

2008-05-23 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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RET 670 – Exercise 1

„ Exercise 1
„ Solution
„ Injection testing – measurement of the current pickup levels
„ Calculation of the ratio for the ‘auxiliary CTs’ for balanced 3-phase current
„ HV-side: when balanced 3-phase 1pu (= 433A) primary current
flows, want 1pu (= 1,0A) to flow to the differential function

DIFFERENTIAL FUNCTION

433A 0,866A 1,000A

500/1

HV
ABB Power Technologies AB, 2007

1
ratio_3HV = = 1,155
0,866
©

2008-05-23 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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 RET 670 – Exercise 1

„ Exercise 1
„ Solution
„ Injection testing – measurement of the current pickup levels
„ Calculation of the ratio for the ‘auxiliary CTs’ for balanced 3-phase current
„ MV-side: when balanced 3-phase 1pu (= 1312A) primary current
flows, want 1pu (= 1,0A) to flow from the differential function
DIFFERENTIAL FUNCTION

MV

1600/1
1312A
0,820A 1,000A
ABB Power Technologies AB, 2007

1
ratio_3MV = = 1,220
0,820
©

2008-05-23 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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RET 670 – Exercise 1

„ Exercise 1
„ Solution
„ Injection testing – measurement of the current pickup levels
„ Balanced 3-phase injection from the HV-side
Note: For a Yd transformer, ZSCurrSubtr should be set On for the Y-
winding – however, for balanced 3-phase injection, this setting will have
no impact on the current pickup level (auxiliary CT ratio will be as already
calculated)
DIFFERENTIAL FUNCTION
IPU = ? 0,300A

HV
0,3
IdMin = 0,3 IPU = = 0,260A
1,155
ABB Power Technologies AB, 2007

MV

0,000A
©

2008-05-23 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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 RET 670 – Exercise 1

„ Exercise 1
„ Solution
„ Injection testing – measurement of the current pickup levels
„ Calculation of the ratio for the HV-side (W1) ‘auxiliary CT’ for Yd
transformer for single-phase current

DIFFERENTIAL FUNCTION

ZSCurrSubtr = Off

ZSCurrSubtr = On
ABB Power Technologies AB, 2007

HV
©

2008-05-23 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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RET 670 – Exercise 1

„ Exercise 1
„ Solution
„ Injection testing – measurement of the current pickup levels
„ Calculation of the ratio for the HV-side (W1) ‘auxiliary CT’ for Yd
transformer for single-phase current
ZSCurrSubtr = Off

1 1 x ratio_3HV ratio_1_OffHV = ratio_3HV

ABB Power Technologies AB, 2007
©

2008-05-23 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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 RET 670 – Exercise 1

„ Exercise 1
„ Solution
„ Injection testing – measurement of the current pickup levels
„ Single-phase injection from the HV-side: ZSCurrSubtr = Off
DIFFERENTIAL FUNCTION
IPU = ? 0,300A

IPU = IPU balanced 3-phase

HV
0,3
IdMin = 0,3 = = 0,260A
1,155
MV

0,000A
ABB Power Technologies AB, 2007

Note: For single-phase injection the ZSCurrSubtr setting will have an

impact on the current pickup level, and for a Yd transformer this setting
should be set On for the Y-winding
©

2008-05-23 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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RET 670 – Exercise 1

„ Exercise 1
„ Solution
„ Injection testing – measurement of the current pickup levels
„ Calculation of the ratio for the HV-side (W1) ‘auxiliary CT’ for Yd
transformer for single-phase current
ZSCurrSubtr = On

⅓xr
ratio_1_OnHV = ⅔
1 0,866
⅓xr ⅔xr
= 0,770
⅓xr
⅓xr ⅓xr
ABB Power Technologies AB, 2007

3I0 = 1
=⅓ + ⅓+ ⅓
r = ratio_3HV
©

2008-05-23 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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 RET 670 – Exercise 1

„ Exercise 1
„ Solution
„ Injection testing – measurement of the current pickup levels
„ Single-phase injection from the HV-side: ZSCurrSubtr = On
DIFFERENTIAL FUNCTION
IPU = ? 0,300A

HV
0,3
IdMin = 0,3 IPU = = 0,390A
0,770
MV

0,000A
ABB Power Technologies AB, 2007
©

2008-05-23 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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RET 670 – Exercise 1

„ Exercise 1
„ Solution
„ Injection testing – measurement of the current pickup levels
„ Balanced 3-phase injection from the MV-side
DIFFERENTIAL FUNCTION
0,000A

HV
0,3
IdMin = 0,3 IPU = = 0,246A
1,220
MV

IPU = ? 0,300A
ABB Power Technologies AB, 2007
©

2008-05-23 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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 RET 670 – Exercise 1

„ Exercise 1
„ Solution
„ Injection testing – measurement of the current pickup levels
„ Calculation of the ratio for the MV-side (W2) ‘auxiliary CT’ for Yd
transformer for single-phase current

Firstly, consider a delta connection with balanced 3-phase currents

1∠0° (1 x r)∠φ° ILINE = √3 x IPHASE

ILINE Actual winding

transformation
r
1: (1 x r)∠(240+φ)° ratio not
√3 IPHASE
1 : r, but
ABB Power Technologies AB, 2007

(1 x r)∠(120+φ)°
1: r
√3
1∠120° 1∠240°

r = ratio_3MV
©

2008-05-23 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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RET 670 – Exercise 1

„ Exercise 1
„ Solution
„ Injection testing – measurement of the current pickup levels
„ Calculation of the ratio for the MV-side (W2) ‘auxiliary CT’ for Yd
transformer for single-phase current

1
r √3
1 ratio_1MV = = 0,704
√3 0,820
ABB Power Technologies AB, 2007
©

2008-05-23 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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 RET 670 – Exercise 1

„ Exercise 1
„ Solution
„ Injection testing – measurement of the current pickup levels
„ Single-phase injection from the MV-side:
DIFFERENTIAL FUNCTION
0,000A

HV
0,3
IdMin = 0,3 IPU = = 0,426A
0,704
MV

IPU = ? 0,300A
ABB Power Technologies AB, 2007
©

2008-05-23 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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RET 670 – Exercise 1

„ Exercise 1
„ Solution
„ Injection testing – measurement of the current pickup levels
„ Would the injection tests done give different current pickup levels for a
transformer with vector group (ii), or MV-side CT starpoint (b)?
NO
A transformer with vector group (ii) is of the same type, i.e. YNd
The current injection is from just one side at a time, so the vector group
phase shift and the current ‘direction’ plays no role
ABB Power Technologies AB, 2007
©

2008-05-23 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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 RET 670 – Exercise 2

„ Exercise 2
„ Transformer details
„ 2- or 3-winding, depending on whether RET 670 IED has 2- or 3-
winding transformer differential protection

2-winding
Rating: HV/MV = 100/100 MVA
Vector group: YNyn0
HV-side rated voltage: 132kV
HV-side rated current: 437A
MV-side rated voltage: 66kV
MV-side rated current: 875A
ABB Power Technologies AB, 2007
3-winding
Rating: HV/MV/LV = 100/100/10 MVA
Vector group: YNyn0d1
HV-side rated voltage: 132kV
HV-side rated current: 437A
MV-side rated voltage: 66kV
MV-side rated current: 875A
LV-side rated voltage: 11kV

LV-side rated current: 525A

©

2008-05-23 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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RET 670 – Exercise 2

„ Exercise 2
„ CT details

2-winding 3-winding
HV-side: 500/1, CT starpoint towards HV-side: 500/1, CT starpoint towards
the transformer the transformer
MV-side: 1000/1, CT starpoint towards MV-side: 1000/1, CT starpoint towards
the transformer the transformer
LV-side: 600/1, CT starpoint towards
the transformer
ABB Power Technologies AB, 2007
©

2008-05-23 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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 RET 670 – Exercise 2

„ Exercise 2
„ Task
„ Parameter Setting
„ Enter the new transformer data settings for the Exercise 2
transformer
„ Differential protection function:
IdMin = 0,40
IMinNegSeq = 0,03
NegSeqDiffEn = Off, then On
SOTFMode = Off
OpenCTEnable = Off
ABB Power Technologies AB, 2007
©

2008-05-23 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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RET 670 – Exercise 2

„ Exercise 2
„ Task
„ Parameter Setting
„ Table of settings for the differential protection function

Settings: T3D1/T2D1
Operation On I2/I1Ratio 15,0
SOTFMode Off I5/I1Ratio 25,0
IDiffAlarm 0,20 CrossBlockEn On
tAlarmDelay 10,000 NegSeqDiffEn Off / On
IdMin 0,40 IMinNegSeq 0,03
EndSection1 1,25 NegSeqROA 60,0
EndSection2 3,00 OpenCTEnable Off
SlopeSection2 40,0 tOCTAlarmDelay 3,000
SlopeSection3 80,0 tOCTResetDelay 0,250
ABB Power Technologies AB, 2007

IdUnre 10,00 tOCTUnrstDelay 10,00

©

2008-05-23 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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 RET 670 – Exercise 2

„ Exercise 2
„ Task
„ Injection testing
„ For an internal fault, compare the operating times with
NegSeqDiffEn = Off, then On
„ For a low level ‘turn-to-turn’ fault, compare the performance with
NegSeqDiffEn = Off, then On
ABB Power Technologies AB, 2007
©

2008-05-23 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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RET 670 – Exercise 2

„ Exercise 2
„ Task
„ Injection testing
„ Faster operating speed from unrestrained negative sequence
differential protection
„ Set NegSeqDiffEn = Off
„ Set the following HV-side and MV-side quantities for injection
HV-side MAG PRI MAG SEC ANGLE
IL1 656 1,312 0,00
IL2 542 1,085 232,78
IL3 542 1,085 127,22

MV-side MAG PRI MAG SEC ANGLE

IL1 1312 1,312 0,00
ABB Power Technologies AB, 2007

IL2 1196 1,196 236,73

IL3 1196 1,196 123,27

„ Inject – measure the operating time

„ Repeat with NegSeqDiffEn = On
©

2008-05-23 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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 RET 670 – Exercise 2

„ Exercise 2
„ Task
„ Injection testing
„ Sensitive negative sequence protection
„ Set NegSeqDiffEn = Off
„ Set the following HV-side and MV-side quantities for injection
HV-side MAG PRI MAG SEC ANGLE
IL1 311 0,621 0,00
IL2 219 0,437 240,00
IL3 219 0,437 120,00

MV-side MAG PRI MAG SEC ANGLE

IL1 346 0,346 180,00
IL2 437 0,437 60,00
ABB Power Technologies AB, 2007

IL3 437 0,437 300,00

„ Inject – measure the operating time (operate?)

„ Repeat with NegSeqDiffEn = On
©

2008-05-23 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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ABB Power Technologies AB, 2007
©

2008-05-23 Substation Automation and Protection Training

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