5 Ships Ferdinand Magellan used during his voyage
that eventually found the Philippines:
 Trinidad
 San Antonio
 Concepcion
 Santiago
 Victoria – surviving ship
1565-1898 - Established years of Spanish occupancy of
the Philippines (333 years)
December 30, 1937 - Quezon issued Executive order No.
134, s.1937, approving the adoption of Tagalog as the
national language of the Philippines
William Howard Taft – First American Civil Governor of
the Philippines
Wesley Merritt - First American military governor of the
Philippines right after the mock battle of Manila
Decree of June 23 - Aguinaldo's decree that called for
reorganization of local government in areas under their
control
Arthur MacArthur Jr. - Last American military governor
of the Philippines
GOMBURZA - The password used by a KAWAL in the
Katipunan
Schurman Commission – Recommended the abolition
of the military government and the establishment of the
civil government in the Philippines (July 4, 1901)
Julian Felipe – Composer of Lupang Hinirang (Marcha
Filipina-Magdalo)
Jose Palma – Wrote the lyrics of Lupang Hinirang
Marcela Agoncillo – She sew the first Philippine flag
San Juan Bridge Incident - Immediate cause of the
outbreak of the War of Philippine Independence
(Filipino-American War)
Malolos Congress – The constituent assembly of the
First Philippine Republic. It met at the Barasoain Church
in Malolos, Bulacan. It drafted the Malolos Constitution.
An advisory body conceived by Mabini.
Galiciano Apacible – President of the Asociacion La
Solidaridad
Pensionados – Young Filipinos who were sent to US as
scholars of the government to pursue higher education
Kalayaan – Newspaper of the Katipunan
Philippine Bill of 1902/Cooper Act - The first American
organic law for the Philippines
Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista - Author of the Philippine
Declaration of Independence
Malolos Republic – First Philippine Republic during the
Philippine-American war
Pen Names:
 Jose Rizal – Laong-laan at Dimasalang
 Andres Bonifacio – Agapito Bagumbayan
 Antonio Luna – Taga-ilog
 Marcelo H. Del Pilar – Plaridel at Dolores
Manapat
 Jose Ma. Panganiban – JoMaPa
 Emilio Aguinaldo – Magdalo
 Jose Corazon de Jesus – Huseng Batute
 Jose Dela Cruz – Huseng Sisiw
 Severino Reyes – Lola Basyang
 Mariano Ponce – Tikbalang, Kalipulako at
Naning
La Liga Filipina – A progressive organization created by
Dr. José Rizal in the Philippines in the house of Doroteo
Ongjunco at Ilaya Street, Tondo, Manila in 1892 (Motto:
Unus Instar Omnium) (Divided into 2 groups: Katipunans
& Cuerpo de Compromisarios)
Cuerpo de Compromisarios – The rightist wing of La
Liga
Benevolent Assimilation Proclamation – President
William McKinley's proclamation in which the US made
clear its intention of imposing its sovereignty over the
Philippines and also made clear the American intention
of colonizing the Philippines
Edward Spencer Pratt – The American consul who
convinced Aguinaldo to collaborate with the Americans
in expelling the Spaniards from the Philippines
Pact of Biak-na-Bato – Created a truce between Spanish
colonial Governor-General Fernando Primo de
Rivera and the revolutionary leader Emilio Aguinaldo to
end the Philippine Revolution.
Pedro Paterno – Negotiated the Pact of Biak-na-Bato
with Aguinaldo and his men.
Grand Opera House – Where the formal inauguration of
the Philippine Assembly was held (Sergio
Osmeña as Speaker of the Assembly, Manuel L.
Quezon as majority leader, and Vicente
Singson as minority leader)
Graciano Lopez Jaena – First editor of La Solidaridad
Philippine Autonomy Act – Jones Law of 1916 (William
Atkinson Jones) August 29,1916
Frederick Funston – The one who captured Emilio
Aguinaldo
Battle of the Tirad Pass – Where Gregorio del Pilar
sacrificed his life in defense of Aguinaldo
Simeon Ola/Miguel Malvar – Last Filipino general to
surrender to the Americans during the Philippine–
American War
Kartilya ng Katipunan – Served as the guidebook for
new members of the organization, which laid out the
group's rules and principles written by Emilio Jacinto.
Trinidad H. Pardo de Tavera – Founder of Partido
Federal
Cry of Pugad Lawin – referred to as the Cry of
Balintawak was the beginning of the Philippine
Revolution against the Spanish Empire; marked the end
of Filipino vassalage to Spain. They teared their
residence certificates (cedula) August 23, 1896
Gregorio Aglipay & Isabelo delos Reyes – First Pontifex
Maximus of the Philippine Independent Church
Factions of Katipunan:
 Magdiwang – Mariano Alvarez; Bonifacio
 Magdalo – Baldomero Aguinaldo; Aguinaldo
Three Grades of Membership in the Katipunan:
 Katipon – black - Anak ng bayan
 Kawal – green - GOMBURZA
 Bayani – red - Rizal
Luciano San Miguel – Established the Bagong Katipunan
Manuel Quezon – First Senate President of the
Philippines. Father of Philippine Language and he won
the first Philippine National Presidential Election. He
died of tuberculosis.
Intramuros – Walled City of Manila where most
Spaniards went into hiding after the Battle of Manila Bay
Apolinario Mabini – The Sublime Paralytic who later
became Aguinaldo's adviser
Teodoro Patiño – Alleged cause of the discovery of the
Katipunan
The eight rays represent the first 8 provinces that rose
up in revolt against Spain:
 Manila
 Bulacan
 Pampanga
 Nueva Ecija
 Tarlac
 Laguna
 Batangas
 Cavite
June 12, 1898 – Proclamation of the Philippine
Independence at Cavite El Viejo (Kawit,Cavite) led by
Emilio Aguinaldo
Battle of Manila Bay – The naval battle that led to the
transformation of US into a world power
Martyrdom of GomBurZa – Their death signaled the
beginning of the Propaganda Movement (Mariano
Gomez, José Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora)
Diariong Tagalog – Founded by Marcelo del Pilar
Federal Party – First political party in the Philippines
(December 23, 1900)
George Dewey – The commander of the battleship
Olympia who defeated the Spanish fleet of Admiral
Patricio Montojo (Battle of Manila Bay)
Sergio Osmena Sr. – First Speaker of the Philippine
Assembly
Philippines for the Filipinos – Taft’s policy that became
popular among Filipinos during his tenure of office.
Battle of San Juan del Monte/Battle of Pinaglabanan –
It is considered the first real battle of the Philippine
revolution, which sought Philippine independence
from Spain.
Treaty of Paris of 1898 – The agreement that ended the
Spanish-American War of 1898.
Felipe Calderon – Father of the Malolos Constitution
Bates Treaty – Promised to uphold mutual respect
between the U.S. and the Sultanate of Sulu, to respect
Moro autonomy, and to not give or sell Sulu or any part
of it to any other nation.
USS Maine – US battleship that sank at the Havana Bay
which led to the outbreak of the Spanish-American War.
Gregorio Araneta – First Filipino to head an executive
department under the American colonial government.
Alejandro Roces Sr. – Founder of the newspaper The
Tribune.
Cayetano Arellano – First Filipino Chief Justice of the
Supreme Court.
Douglas MacArthur – First Supreme Commander of the
USAFFE in the Philippines.
Hare–Hawes–Cutting Act – The first US law passed
setting a process and a date for the Philippines to gain
independence from the United States.
Kapisanan Makabola Makasinag – A movement that
called for the liberation of the Philippines and promised
the assistance of the Japanese in the struggle.
OsRox Mission – A campaign for self-government and
United States recognition of the independence of the
Philippines.
Benigno S. Aquino – Director General of Kapisanan ng
Paglilingkod sa Bagong Pilipinas (KALIBAPI)
Presidents of the Philippines:
First Philippine Republic
 Emilio Aguinaldo – 1899-1901
Philippine Commonwealth
 Manuel L. Quezon – 1935-1944
 Sergio Osmeña – 1944-1946
 Manuel Roxas – 1946-1948
Second Philippine Republic
 Jose P. Laurel – 1943-1945
Third Philippine Republic
 Manuel Roxas
 Elpidio Quirino – 1948-1953
 Ramon Magsaysay – 1953-1957
 Carlos P. Garcia – 1957-1961
 Diosdado Macapagal – 1961-1965
 Ferdinand Marcos – 1965-1986
Fourth Republic
 Ferdinand Marcos
 Corazon C. Aquino – 1986-1992
Fifth Republic
 Corazon C. Aquino
 Fidel V. Ramos – 1992-1998
 Joseph Ejercito Estrada – 1998-2001
 Gloria Macapagal Arroyo – 2001-2010
 Benigno S. Aquino III – 2010-2016
 Rodrigo Roa Duterte – 2016
USAFFE (United States Armed Forces in the Far East) –
Served as the army of the American government during
the War in the Pacific.
Japan’s bombing of Pearl Harbor – Led to the US
Declaration of War against Japan. (December 7, 1941)
Luis Taruc – Leader of the HUKBALAHAP
Miguel Cuaderno Sr. – Unang tagapangasiwa ng Bangko
Sentral ng Pilipinas
Amando M. Tetangco Jr. – Kasalukuyang tagapangasiwa
ng BSP
Commonwealth Act No. 1 - Compulsory military of all
able-bodied Filipino youths.
General Masaharu Homma – Commander-in-Chief of
the Japanese Imperial Forces in the Philippines (World
War II)
Andres Bonifacio – Founder of KKK (Kataastaasan,
Kagalanggalangang Katipunan ng mga anak ng bayan)
Jose Abad Santos – Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
who was executed for not collaborating with the
Japanese High Command
The fall of Bataan and Corregidor – Marked the
beginning of guerilla resistance against the Japanese
military authorities.
Philippine Executive Commission – A puppet
government composed of well-known Filipinos
established by the Japanese High Command prior to the
emergence of the Second Philippine Republic.
(Chairman: Jorge Vargas)
Cristino Pendon – Commander of the Pambansang Pag-
asa ng mga Anak ni Rizal organized by the Japanese
authorities.
Rafael Palma – First chairman of the National Council of
Education.
July 4, 1946 – Filipino-American Friendship Day
Las Islas Filipinas – The then name of the Philippines
named after King Philip II of Spain. It was named by Ruy
Lopez de Villalobos during his expedition.
Ferdinand Magellan – Discovered the Philippines, he
named it Islas de San Lazaro
Lapu-Lapu - Modern Filipino society regards him as the
first Filipino hero because he was the first native to
resist Spanish colonization.
Francisco Dagohoy – Led the longest revolt in the
Philippines during the Spanish times (85 years). His
brother was refused to be given a Christian burial by a
Spanish priest. He gathered his supporters (Boholanos)
Gov. Gen. Eulogio Despujol – Spanish governor-general
who ordered the deportation of Jose Rizal to Dapitan.
Ramon Magsaysay – Former president who died in a
plane crash
Gabriela Silang – Diego Silang's wife, who continued the
revolt against the Spaniards in the Ilocos region after
Diego's death (killed by Miguel Vicos)
Concepcion/Concha – Rizal’s first sorrow
The Count of Monte Cristo – First novel that Rizal loved
written by Alexander Dumas
Segunda Katigbak – Rizal’s first love from Lipa,
Batangas.
Seiko Usui/O-Sei-San – Rizal met her at Japan. She
married Charlton.
Fr. Salvador Font - Subject of Rizal's "Por Telefono in
Paris"
Wenceslao Retana - Rizal's bitter enemy who was an
editor of La Epoca and who kept on maligning his family.
Nellie Boustead - This girl wanted Rizal to become a
Protestant
Valentin Ventura - He sent Rizal enough money to
continue the printing of El Filibusterismo in Ghent,
Belgium
Pablo Mercado/Florencio Namanan - Claiming to be a
cousin or relative of Rizal who was actually a friar's spy
seeking a way of ruining him legally.
Dr. Pio Valenzuela - An emissary that Bonifacio sent to
RIzal to inform him about a bloody revolution against
the Spaniards.
Lottery – Rizal’s only vice during his excile at Dapitan in
Zamboanga
Gov. Gen. Camilo Polavieja - He signed the order for
Rizal's execution.
Trinidad - Rizal handed hera lamp which contained his
last poem, "Mi Ultimo Adios"
José Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda – full
name
Teodora Alonso & Francisco Mercado – parents of Rizal
Jose Rizal’s Siblings:
1. Saturnina
2. Paciano
3. Narcisa
4. Olympia
5. Lucia
6. Maria
7. Concepcion
8. Josefa
9. Trinidad
10. Soledad
Leonor Rivera – Jose Rizal’s true love
June 19, 1861 – Jose Rizal’s birthday (35 years old)
December 30, 1896 – Rizal was executed in Luneta
(Bagumbayan) by shooting
ADD INFO:
Cebu – where Miguel Lopez de Legazpi established San
Miguel
Malays - Austronesian people inhabiting the Malay
Peninsula
El Heraldo de la Revolucion – newspaper of the Malolos
Republic
Kataastaasang Sanggunian – central leadership of the
KKK
Anak ng Bayan – password of Katipon
Cuba - A Spanish colony in the West Indies which
revolted against the Spanish authorities
Spooner Amendment to the Army Appropriation Act –
basis for the establishment of Civil government in the
Philippines
Gov. Gen. Leonard Wood – During his tenure, the
Cabinet Crisis of 1923 took place.
Lodge Nilad – First masonic lodge in the Philippines
Marcelo del Pilar – he was charged under the political
section of Asociacion Hispano-Filipino
Mariano Noriel - The president of the Council of War
which tried Bonifacio for the charge of sedition
Council of the State – Good working relationship
between the executive and legislative branches of the
American colonial government
El FIlibusterismo – Rizal’s anatomy of revolution that
failed
Literary University of the Philippines – Through this,
higher education under the First Philippine Republic was
promoted
Legislature – Most powerful branch of government
under the Malolos Constitution
Sedition Law – Made treasonable the advocacy of
independence during the Filipino-American War
Isabelo de los Reyes – Founder of the Union Obrera
Democratica
General Riego de Dios – Last Spanish governor general
of the Philippines
Negros – Island province in the Visayas offered to
cooperate with the Americans during the Filipino-
American War
Cry of Montalban - This event reflected the decision of
the Katipunan to stage a revolution against Spain.
Dictatorship - Government established by Aguinaldo
immediately after his return from Hong Kong to
prosecute the war against Spain effectively
Acta de Tejeros - March 23, 1897 Bonifacio's formal
declaration of the nullity of decisions reached at the
Tejeros Convention
Daniel Tirona - humadlang sa pagkakahalal ni Bonifacio
bilang direktor sa Tejeros Convention (March 22, 1897)
Pedro Sanchez - Led the Filipinos in attacking the
Americans in Balanggiga, Samar
Jose Torres Bugallon – The defender of La Loma who
sacrificed his life during the war against the Americans
Major General Henry Ware Lawton – The American
military officer whose life was sacrificed in the Battle of
San Mateo
Eugenio Montero Rios - Senate President of Spain who
headed the Spanish delegation in the drafting of the
peace treaty ending the Spanish-American War
HISTORY REVIEWER
Indonesians - Second group of people who migrated by
sea to the Philippines 3,000 to 8,000 years ago (First are
Negritos). They introduced the kaingin system of
farming
Arabic - 'alam', 'hukom', and 'salamat'
Baybayin (Alibata) - Earliest form of writing in the
Philippines. Consists of 17 letters (3 vowels, 14
consonants)
Karim ul' Makhdum – He first introduced the Islamic
religion in the Philippines
Rajah Baguinda (Baginda) – He continued propagating
the Islamic faith to the people of Sulu first started by
Makhdum
Cheng Ho – He commanded a large Chinese fleet, sent
by Emperor Yung Lo of the Ming dynasty in 1402 to
trade with the country at the same time establish
colonies along the coast towns of the archipelago
Batangas – Province known as the 'provincia de
Comintang' (war song, love song)
Bigay-Kaya - The gift you were required to give to the
girl's parents
Bigay-Suso – A kind of bribe given to a girl’s mother
Bathala - Supreme Being of the ancient Filipinos who,
they believed, had created the universe
Lalahon – Goddess of harvest
Sidapa – God of death
Babayins/Katalonas – They perform the prayers and
sacrifices offered to the gods
Bothoan - Formal schools in the Panay Island of Visayas
San Joaquin, Panay Island - Landing spot of the 10
Bornean datus who had escaped (along with their
families) from the rule of their sultan, Makatunaw of
Borneo. They were led by Datu Puti
Macario Sakay - One of the last Filipino generals who
fought the Americans and established the so-called
'Tagalog Republic'
Gabriela Silang – A Filipino heroine who continued the
war against Spain after her husband died, was caught
and hanged (Joan of Arc of Ilocos)
Claro M. Recto – The “Great Dissenter” (because of his
uncomprising stand against pro-American policy of
Ramon Magsaysay)
Quintin Paredes – Former speaker and Senate President
who came from Abra (US Residnet-Commissioner)
Archbishop Bernardino Norzaleda – Excommunicated
Gregorio Aglipay
Berlin – Where Rizal’s Noli Me Tangere was published
Maximo Viola - He helped Rizal in publishing Noli Me
Tangere
Teodoro Agoncillo - Filipino historian who claimed that
there was no Philippine history before the execution of
the three nationalists priests
Macabebe Socouts - Filipino armed contingent that
helped the Americans capture Aguinaldo
(Kapampangans)
Miguel Lopez de Legazpi - First Governor of the
Philippines (Established a government together with
Augustinian and Dominican friars)
Manila Revolt – Revolt led by Raja Lakandula and Raja
Sulayman against Governor Guido de Lavezaris
Guido de Lavezaris – He sequestered all the properties
of the Rajahs
Apolinario “Hermano Pule” dela Cruz – his own Julio Nakpil – After Bonifacio’s death, Gregoria de Jesus
religious order is named Confradia de San Jose married hihm
Gov. Gen. Rafael de Izquierdo – He garotted the Abu Bakr – First Muslim caliph
GomBurZa at Cavite on February 17, 1872
Jamalul Kiram II – Last Sultan of Sulu
Pen is mightier than the sword – Jose Rizal’s main
Tecla San Andres Ziga - First woman to top the
weapon against the Spaniards
Philippine BAR Examination
La Soidaridad - Jose Rizal and other Illustrados (Spanish
Quioquiap - Pseudonym used by Pablo Faced, anti-
for Filipino intellectuals) had established this group of
Filipino writer
propaganda writers.
Felipe Agoncillo - The First Filipino Diplomat
Doctrina Christiana – Forst book published in the
Philippines Fernando La Madrid - Leader of the Cavite Mutiny, the
first huelga (labor strike) recorded in the Philippines
Comfort Women - Term used for those women who
were used by Japanese soldiers to gratify their lust Deodato Arellano - First president of the Katipunan
Franklin Roosevelt - US president during the 'American Ignacio VIllamor - First Filipino president of the
Era' in the Philippines who granted a Commonwealth University of the Philippines
government Pedro Abad Santos - He founded the Socialist Party of
Philippine Normal University - An institution was the Philippines in 1929, which merged with the older
established by the Americans for aspiring educators on Communist Party of the Philippines (PKP) in 1939
1901 Carmen Planas - First woman councilor of Manila
February 22, 1986 - EDSA (People's Power) Revolution Natividad Almeda-Lopez - First Filipina lawyer and
begin supported by Fidel Ramos, Juan Ponce Enrile and
judge
Manila Archbishop Jaime Cardinal Sin (Feb. 22-25)
Proclamation 1081 – Martial Law act by Ferdinand Geronima Tomelden-Pecson - First Filipina senator
Marcos (served 21 years) on Sepetember 21, 1972 Elisa Rosales-Ochoa - First Filipina congresswoman
August 21, 1983 – Benigno ‘Ninoy’ Aquino was shot at
Fe Del Mundo - First Filipina Harvard graduate
Manila International Airport
February 25, 1986 - Corazon Aquino and Salvador Laurel Maria Carpena - First Filipino recording artist
were sworn in as President and Vice-President. Marcos Evangeline Castro – First Ms. Philippines
and his family fled to the United States.
David Nepomuceno – First Filipino Olympian
Joseph ‘Erap’ Estrada - He faced the impeachment trial
for "Jose Velarde" account, extortion of "jueteng" Richard Kissling – He designed the Rizal monument
money and graft and corruption. University of the Philippines - Philippines Premier State
Gloria Macapagal Arroyo – She faced a controversy University (Act No. 1870)
called ‘Hello Garci’ scandal
Orang Dampuans – Came to the Philippines between
900 A.D. and 1200 A.D.
November 15, 1935 – Manuel Quezon was inaugurated
May 6, 1942 - Corregidor fall into the hands of the
Japanese
December 8, 1941 – Japanese attack the Philippines
April 9, 1942 – Bataan fall into the hands of the
Japanese (Bataan Death March)
Gregoria de Jesus - First woman member of the
Katipunan and Andres Bonifacio’s wife