First Edition POST-TENSIONED BUILDINGS Design and Construction Dr Bijan O. Aalami Professor Emeritus, San Francisco State University Principal, ADAPT Corporation Ietrational EatonLibrary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data ‘Aalami, Bijan 0. Post-Tensioned Buildings: Design and Construction; International Editon p.cm Includes index. ISBN 978-0-615-02041-5 1. Reinforced concrete buildings. 2. Post-tensioning TAGEB.9.A 2014 624.1" = deat Library of Congress Control Number: 2019957604 Copyright © 2014 by Bijan O. Aalami Al rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or translated in any form or by any means — electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise — without the prior written permission of the copyright holder. ‘This books intonded forthe ue of preeeslonals competent to evatute the Signieance and linatons of ts contents, an who wil accept responsi fo the appliotion of the matoral contains. The publisher an author report the metrlcontandin the book a a attr of information, and heefore scam ay anal responsbty {or sopicaton of the sate principe, or the accuracy ofthe sources. The publsherauthor make no waranty regarding the recommendstons contained heron, ncladng waantes of accuracy, ually, oF safety, expressed imple te, mole warentie o merchariablty and fines fra particular purpose beyond etund ofthe purchase Price of ts book cover design credit Natasha Kramesaya Printed a Cina IS6N 978-0-615-22001-5 CONTENTS POST-TENSIONED BUILDINGS Design and Construction 1. waxooucnon 1, 12, 13. 2 rosr-rensio aa 22 23 24 25 PostTensioned Buildings Purpose and Outline Briet History of Post-Tensioning in Bullding Construction References NING Brief Description of Prestressing 21 Prestressing Options Distinguishing Features and Advantages of Post-Tensioning Construction Application of Post-Tensioning in Bullding Construction 23.1 Floor Systems ~Flat Slab Construction 232 Floor Systems -Beam and Siab Construction 23.3 Podium Slab in Low-Rise Buildings 234 Transfer Plates 235 — Mat/Raft Foundation 236 Industral Ground-Supported Slabs 23.7 Slab-On-Grade - SOG; Residential and Light Industral 238 Retrofit through External Post‘Tensioning 239. Post-Tensioning to Restore Geometry in Seismic Frame 23.10 Post-Tensioning in Walls 23.11 Post-Tensioning in Columns 23.12 Special Application of Post Tensioning PostTensioning Material and Hardware 241 Prestressing Stee! 242 Tendons 243 Stressing Equipment 244° Grouting Equipment Post-Tensioning Construction 25.1 Construction with Unbonded Tendons 25.2 Construction with Grouted Tendons 25.3 Marking and Recording of Tendon Positions ' wove Pstructures.com26 Economics and Material Quantities 261 — Material Quantities 262 Construction Cost ar Repair; etront Maintenance and Life Gye 46 2.7 Floors Reinforced with Grouted Tendons 2.7.2 Floor Reinforced with Unbonded Tendons 28 References 3 esicworconcnentrLooRs 31 General Requirements 32 Requirements of Design Procedure 33 ‘Concrete Design in Relation to other Materials 47 34 Design Characteristics of Post-Tensioning as Analysis and Design Process 35:1 Analysis and Design Steps 35.2 Structural Modeling 36 References. 48 4 pesicx conceers ano proceDunes 4a Principal Objectives 4411 Safety—Ultimate Limit State (ULS) 43.2 Functionality—Service Limit State (S1S) 413 Economy 414 Legality 42 Material 421 Concrete 422 Prestressing Stee! 423 Non-prestressed Stee! 49 43 Sizing 43.1 Support Spacing | 432 Slab Thickness 433 Beam Dimensions 434 Common Sizing Examples - 44 Durability 44,1 Exposure to Corrosive Elements 44.2 Flee Protection 443° Wear 45 Load Path ‘45.1 Prerequisites of Load Path 452 Strip Method 453° Slabasa Continuum 454 One-Way and Two-Way Systems Suructural Systems 46.1 Slab Systems 462 Slab Bands 463 Column Drops Capitals/Drop Panels, 464 Walle Slabs 465 Joist Slabs 466 Beams 46:7 Support Conditions; Releases a 468 Other Floor System Examples Loading ATA Selfweight 4.72 Superimposed Dead Load 473 liveLoad ATA Prostressing 475 Wind/Earthquake/Special Loads Prestressing 48:1 Load Balancing 48.2 Force election 483. Bffective Flange Width of FBeams 484 judicial Placing of Tendons 4.85 Average Minimum Precompression 486 —Hyperstatic Actions (Secondary Actions) 48.7 Constant Force and Variable Force Designs 488 Tendon Layou 489 — Post-Tensioning System Selection and Performance; Bonded/ Unbonded Analysis Options 49.1 Underlying Assumptions 492 Analysis Models 49.41 Simple Frame Method (SFM) 49.4 Equivalent Frame Method (EFM) 495 Finite Element Method (FEM) Serviceabilty Check; Serviceability Limit State (SLS) 4104 Load Combinations 4102 ACI318 Crack Control Stress Check; Non-prestressed Rebar 4103 EC2 Crack Control Stress Check; Non-presiressed Rebar 4.1044 TR43 Crack Control Stress Check; Non-prestressed Rebar 4.105 Significance of Allowable Stresses; Code Compliance Stiffness Assignments