136 ENGINEERING [FsB.

4,l92L

THE TWIN-SCREW TURBINE S.S. ‘~

MENDOZA.”
CONSTRUGTED BY MESSRS. SWAN, HUNTER AND WIGHAM RICHARDSON, LIMITED, SHIPBUILDERS, NEWCASTLE-UPON-TYNE.’

Fro. 11. THE Vassar. on man Tmzms.

Tun newtwin-screwturbine-drivensteamshipMen
doza,ofwhichwegiveillustrationsin PlateVI with this
week’sissue,andon this and theoppositepages,was
builtandenginedbyMessrs.Swan,HunterandWigham
Richardson, Limited, at their Neptune Works,
Newcastle-on-Tyne, and has beenconstructedto the
orderof the SociétéGénéralede TransportsMaritimes
:1 Vapour, of Marseilles. It is intendedfor their
passengerservicebetweenFrance, Italy, Spain and
SouthAmerica. Sheis a handsomely-modelled vessel
with cruiserstem, is about470ft. in lengthoverall
by 58 ft. beamby 34ft. 3 in. depth. Her propelling
machineryconsistsof gearedturbinesdriving twin
screws. Of our illustrationsFig. 1, Plate VI, shows
a longitudinalsectionof the vessel,while Figs. 2, 3,
4 and5 showplansof the boat andpromenade decks.
Thefirst-classdeckplanis shownin Fig. 6. Theupper
andlowerdeckplansaregivenin Figs. 7 and8. Fig. 9
showsthe secondlower deck and Fig. 10 the holds.
The photographreproducedin Fig. 11, above,shows
thevesselonhertrials.
The Mendozais fittedto carry 74 first-classpassen
gers.80secondclassand48third class,besidesabout
1,000emigrants. She has insulatedholds for over
1,000tonsof meatbesideslarge capacityfor general
cargo,and her speedon serviceis about 14-}knots.
On trial sheattaineda speedof 17knots.
The passenger accommodation has receiveda great
deal of consideration,the public rooms being very
comfortablyfittedup. All partsoccupiedby passen Flo. 12. Fnzsr-Cmss ENTRANCEmo Ra.mmo'RooM.
gersof all classesarespeciallywell ventilatedin view
of the tropical nature of the vessel’sservice. The carriedout in blue and white Delft tiles, depicting entrancedoors,is a largesideboard,madeof sycamore,
decorativework of the principal saloons,staircases,scenesof Holland and its waterways. An amber left in its natural colour. An oval!bufiet occupies
&c.,hasbeendesignedby Mr. A. Durand,of Portman colouredglasshas beenadoptedin the leadedpanes the middleof the room. A mirror is'-placedbetween
square,London. of the windows and skylight. A novel feature is the doors and the port and starboardsides. The
On thepromenade deckthereis a largemusicsaloon introducedby utilisingthesideof a light andair trunk chairsand tablesaremadein sycamore. The seating
andalsoa smokingroomfor first-classpassengers.A to a lower deck as a large window, thus securing is upholstered in a softgoldvelvet,with a smalltrellis
roomyentrancehall andstaircaseleadsfrom this deck additionallight, andbreakingup thesuriaceof a dead design uncut; this colour is continuedin the silk
to the first-classdiningsaloon. On the samedeckare wall. The flooris tiled. All theseatingis upholsteredcurtainsof the windows,and the flooris coveredin a
also two do luze staterooms,each arrangedfor two in brown Morocco leather. Antique lanterns hang golden brown pile carpet. The proportioningand
passengers, with stateroomsadjoiningwhich can be fromthe beams. arrangement of chairs and tableshas ensuredample
put into communication with themformingenclosed The oak-panelledentrancehall is in the style of spacefor eachpassenger.Outsidethe dining saloon
suites, besidesother stateroomsfor first-classpas thetimeof WilliamandMary. Two piecesof skilfully are two specialcloakroomsfor coats,hats and sticks,
sengersfor one, two and threepersonsrespectively.executedcarvedwork, after Grinling Gibbons,and an andtherearemorestaterooms for first-classpassengers
The styleof decorationselectedfor thereadingroom, adequateamountof carvingin the balustrading of the on this deck.
a view of whichis givenin Fig. 12,is reminiscentof staircase, addto theefiectof thedecoration of thishall. The second-classpassengers,80 in number, are
thelater Georgianperiod,with panellingandenriched The oak usedfor the panellingis of carefully-selected accommodated in stateroomson the upperdeckwith
mouldings,paintedin softpearlgrey. The armchairs grainedwood, and toned a rather unusual greyish a largediningsaloon. And thereis a verycomfortable
and setteesare upholsteredin old rose velvets and brown. smokingroom and amplepromenadespacefor these
damasks. In the centreof the main wall is a large The diningsaloon,of whichwegivea viewin Fig. 14, passengers on the bridgedeck. On the awningdeck
mirror, while in variousother panelsare gilt metal is on the bridgedeck,and hassitting accommodationrightaft aresixroomsfor 48passengers of theeconomic
electriclight sconces. The flooris of oakparquet. for 66 passengersat small tables,the largesttable second-class, with their dining saloon on the deck
In the smokingroom the Dutch Renaissance style accommodating six persons. It is decoratedin the immediatelyabove their staterooms This accom
has beenadopted. A view of this room is shownin Louis XVI style. The panellingis paintedin tones modationis shownin Figs. 6 and7, Plate VI. r " ‘ I
our illustration,Fig. 13,on page137. Thereis an oak of antiqueivory, with suflicientornamentation intro The captain’squartersare large and well'fitted,
beamcdceiling,andoak-panelled wallsof a silvergrey, ducedto relievethe otherwiseseverityof line. In and thereis excellentaccommodation for the oflicers
relievedby the introductionof large panel pictures, the centreof the aft bulkhead,betweentheidouble and engineerofiicers, commissaire,doctor, purser.
 FEB. 4, 1921.] ENGINEERING. 137
were ascribed to local anomaliesof gravity, and
“ particularlyto thehugepiledup massof theHimalaya
THE TWIN-SCREW S.S. MENDOZA.” so compensated—as first suggested by J. H. Pratt in
lS52—by a deficiencyof massundemeaththe moun
CONSTRUCTED BY MESSRS. SWAN, HUNTER AND WIGHAM RICHARDSON, LTD. tains,that no disturbanceof the plumbline wouldbe
noticedat a distanceof about 100milesfrom them.
It was also assumedthat averagesof determina
tions madeat severalpoints in a.district wouldgive
morecorrectfiguresthanobservation at singlestations.
That view of local attraction was questionedby
Sir SydneyBurrardin 1901,whosuggested thata great
deficiencyof masswouldhardlyextenddownto great
depths,whilst a small deficiencymight be very deep
and mightremainundetected, andthat thedeflections
of the plumbline in India weresystematic,indicating
that therewasan invisiblerangeof greatmassdensity
undemeaththe Vindhya Hills crossingIndia for a
distanceof 1,000milesfromWesttoEast. Thisquestion
couldonly besettledby comparingthecomputedvalue _
of gravity 7 with the valueof g observedby meansof
pendulums.Thenecessary half-secondpendulums were
obtainedin 1904fromtheInternationalInstitution for
Geodesyat Potsdam, and the main geodeticwork
in India had sincebeenpendulumresearch,as Sir G.
Lenox-Conyngham explainedin detail. He foundhim
self that thesependulumswerenot disturbedby the
shootingin theFort of Bombaycloseto his station,but
that, owingto the trafiic,workwasimpossiblein day
timeat Calcutta,whichwaspracticallybuilt on a raft.
Accordingto thecompensation principleof isostacy,as
developed by J. F. Hayford,a pyramidextendingdown
to the Earth‘s centreon a baseof unit areaon the
surface,shouldhavethesamemassall overtheworld,
no matterwhetherthe surfacewas mountainor sea.
and at a certain depth from the surface—-estimated
at 70 miles—alldifierencesas to massdensityof the
Earth should vanish. This view had been tested
with somesuccessin the United States,but matters
seemedto be muchmorecomplicatedin India. One
of themainfactorsaffectingthecompensation wasthe
rate of erosion of mountains. Burrard considered
that a trough,about 100mileswide,60,000ft. deep,
now filled with earth of less than averagedensity,
at the foot of the Himalaya would accountfor the
discrepancyfrom isostacyin India. Such a trough,
oncein existence, mightbefilledup by erosion; it was
moredifficultto conceivehow the troughcould have
arisen.

“HEAT TRANSFER IN FLUES.”

run
To Eon-on or ENGINEERING.
Sm,—On page 802 of your issueof December17,
1920,Mr. H. T. Tizard subjectsmy articleon “Heat
Transfer,"whichwaspublished onpage265of Everyman
INGforAugust27,1920,to a somewhat rakingcriticism.
hadho ed that my equations,whichare basedon a
I

considers. le bod of reliableexperimentaldata (not

my own),mighthavereceivedimpartialconsideration,
but Mr. Tizard resistsvery imperfectlythe primitive
impulseto ‘cavethe‘ad brickof criticismat theheadof
a strangeequation! Mr. 'l‘izard’sletter remindsme
of the anti-Semiticcampaignof the prophetBalsam.
It openswith the statementthat am probablynot
I
sufficientlyinformedon the subjectof heat transfer,
that my equationsare complicatedand cannot be
universallyapplicable,and continuin finds no merit,
anywhere,and yet, curiouslyenoug, when towards
thelastan actualcomparison is madewith the uation
e
roposedand preferredby Mr. Tizard, the resuts are
oundto be in closeagreement.\Vhat morecan Mr.
Tizardask Surelythecursinghasturnedto blessing.
2

,FIo. 14. Fmsr-Crass Dnnuo Ssnoos. In view of the practicalimportanceof securinga

reliableand convenientequationfor heat transfer,
&c., &,c. There is an operating room seems worthwhileto set out thecasefor my equationsit
chieffstewards, GEODESY IN INDIA. andto compare themimpartiallywiththoseproposed
for thedoctor,hairdresser‘s shop,plentyof bathrooms by
rooms,&c. Rsvrswmo “The Progressof Geodesyin India," Mr.Tizard. Thethreestandards by which an equation
for all classesof passengers,baggage The forcalculating heattransfer shouldbejudgedare:—
sailorsberthforward‘andjxthe}-‘firemen and {stewardsin two lecturesgivenlast monthat the Royal Institu
tion, Sir Gerald P. Lenox-Conyngham, R.E., F.R.S., (a) The accuracywith whichthecalculated results
l.

amidshipswhile each have separatemcssrooms. conformto actualconditions.

The ’tweendecks,Figs. 8 and 9, are arrangedfor dealt with the work donesince“ 1894,when General (b) The rangeof conditionsthroughwhichtheresults
the carriageof a largenumberof emigrants, f or whom Walkerpublished a summary of India’scontribution remainaccurate.
on thedeckabovc,Fig. 7, therearelargegalleys,with to Geodesy.” At that timethe triangulationnetwork 2. The convenience with which calculationscan be
cooking arrangements,bakery, distribution store markedthe outlinesof India proper,comprisingthe made.
The accuracywith whichtheformof theequation
3.

rooms, &c. There are‘!also hospitals amidships,arc measurements right throughIndia, but excluding
representsthe physicallaws governingthe processes
andinfectioushospitalswell isolatedin the after part Cashmereand Burmah. Thesecountrieshave since involved.
of thevessel. beenadded,and the triangulationhas beenextended A comparison on this basisof theequations, givenin
The principal cargo holds and ‘tween decks are to Quetta andbeyond intoBeluchistanandAfghanistan. my originalarticle,calledfor convenience. the(F) equa
refrigeratedfor the carriageof frozen meat, the re The clifiiculties,climaticand topographic,haveoften tionsandof Mr, Tizard’s(T) equations follows:—
frigeratingmachinerybeing by Messrs.J. and E. beenextreme,evenin Burmah. A link to thetriangu The (F) equation basedonover220experimental
1.

is

Hall, of Dartford. The cargo-loading anddischarginglation of Russian Turan has been also establishedmeasurements of heat transfer. Theseincludeamong
appliancesinclude twelve’5-ton steel derricks and finally from Cashmere acrossthe Karakorum range, others: Jordan's experimentswith flues of various
diameters, andof circularandannularsectionsin which
1steelderrick to lift 10 tons, also 15 steamwinches, with stations 19,000ft. above sea level, after vain air was cooled,the inlet temperatures rangingfrom
including warping winch and 1 boat hoist. The attemptsof effectinga junctionacrosstheHindu Kush 238deg.to 736deg.F., and the outlet temperatures
steam.windlass.is of the quick warpingtype. The and the Plateau of Pamir; so far Siberian Russia from 147deg.to 443deg. F.; Nussolt‘sexperiments
steamsteeringgearis of the Wilson-Pirrietype made has not been joined to European triangulations. withair atpressures from - lb.persquareinchabsolute
1
5

byMessrs.Hastic and Co., with MacTaggartScott’s Thelevellingof thecountrywasdisturbedby theearth to 140lb. persquareinch absolute,with C0; andwith
'
telemotorgear quakesof 1905and 1916and 1920; the formerseem illuminatinggas, the temperaturerange being from
to haveraisedDehra Dun, the originalIndian survey 55deg.F. inletto 155 deg.F. outlet,
thegasbeingheated
(To becontinued ) flue; experiments
centrein the Mirut district,southof theHimalaya,by in a steam-jacketed by the Babcock
and Wilcox and othersby Fossenden, both
Tan PROPERTIES or S'rr:sm_:Ea.as'rms.—0npage65 5 in. Astronomical determinationsof longitudeusingproducts0 Company
combustionwith inlet temperatures
anteandin the last equation in the secondcolumnthe brought out thefact of strongdeflectionso f theplumb up to 2,340deg.F. The accuracywith whichthe (F)
line amountingto half a minuteof are apparentlyin equationsrepresentthe experimentaldata can be
factorprintedas 1] shouldread
6,

somecases. judgedby theplots.Figs. to in theoriginalarticle

1

T7— T TF7 Such deflections,first studiedin Russia in 1860, and in a similardiagramplottedfortheNusseltexperi

 FEB. :8, 1921.] ENGINEERING.‘ I93
air. Thebladesareof galvanised steelandaremounted
enblocin a separateframefittedjust insidethe outlet.
THE HEENAN WATER COOLER. They can easily be removedto give accessto the
interior.
CONSTRUCTED1_BY:.\lESSRS.>HEEN.\N ANT) FROUDE, LIMITED, ENGINEERS, WORCESTER. The cooledwatercollectsin the bottomof thecasing
whenceit is re-circulatedthroughthejacketsby means
of a small rotary pump of the positive-geartype
drivenby beltfrom the fan shaft,as shownin mostof
our illustrations. A ball valve connectedto the
watermainsis also fitted in the bottomof the casing
to make up any deficiencyin the supply,and an
overflowconnectionis also provided to allow any
surplusto drain away. The overalldimensions of the
coolerare given in Figs. 3 and 5, and from theseit
will be seenthat the spaceoccupiedis quite small.
The cooleris intendedto be placedas closeto the
engineascircumstances permit,andit canbearranged
equallywell for usein land installationsor on board
ship. As its capitalcostis lessthan that of tanksof
suflicientcapacityto ensurecontinuousrunning,there
appearsto be a wide field for its employment.The
coolerhas beenstandardisedfor belt driving, but it
can,of course,bearrangedfordirectcouplingto a small
electricmotorif moreconvenient.
l3An ideaof its capacitymay be gainedfromthe fact
that workingwith a 10 h.p. enginerequiringa heat
extractionof 4,000B.Th.U. per b.h.p. per hour,the
temperature of thewaterleavingthe jacketswouldbe
92deg.Fahr. underaverageatmosphericconditionsin
this country. With a 50 h.p. engine,under similar
conditions,the watertemperaturewould be l95 deg.
Fahr., while under averageatmosphericconditionsin
tropical countries,the wateroutlet temperatures, for
thesameengines,wouldbe 106deg.Fahr.and 196deg.
Fal:u‘.,respectively. Thesefigureshavebeenobtained
fromtestscarriedout at Messrs.Heenanand Froude’s
worksat Worcester,wheretheatmosphericconditions
for tropicalcountrieswerereproduced asaccuratelyas
possibleby artificialmeans.

THE TWl1\T-SCREW TURBINE S.S.

“MENDOZA.”
(Continued from page137.)
3'3"I Hsvmo dealtwiththepassenger and otheraccommo
rte}! dationof the vessel,wenowpasson to the machinery,
the generalarrangement of which will be followedin
Figs. 15to 17,Plate VIII, andFigs. 18to 20,Plate IX.
Of theseFig. 16showstheforceddraughtfanwhichwill
be referredto later. Fig. 16 gives a longitudinal
. sectionof theengineroom,Fig. 17beinga plan of the
same. In Plate IX, Fig. 18 is a sectionof theengine
room taken just astern of the engine-roomforward
bulkhead(Fig. 17)lookingaft, whileFig. 19is fromthe
sameposition looking forward and showingall the
gear arrangedagainstthis bulkhead. Fig. 20 is a
sectiontakenat frame64 (Fig. 17)lookingaft.
--------- --117:;---------- ~->4 The vesselis providedwith two setsof Metropolitan
28'-.~+ Vickers Rateau marine turbines. Each set has two
___;1:______ ‘
Holes‘for %‘Dia,.H.D. Bolts. cylinders,high and low pressurerespectively,running
_ IR OUTLET END.
at the samespeedand eachdriving a pinion of the
reductiongearing. Astern sectionsare providedin
the same casings. The turbines are capable of
developinga.maximumof 4,000shaft horse-power per
shaft.or a total of 8,000h.p. workingwith steamat
190lb. persquareinchandsuperheat of 150deg. The
normalturbinespeedis 3,000,reducedby the gearing
to 113at thepropellers. The gearingis of the double
helical type, made by the Parsons Marine Steam
TurbineCompany,Limited. Thesteam-driven turning
gear is situated on a distancebracket betweenthe
aft end of the gearcaseand the Michel thrust block
in eachcase,this positionbeingindicatedin Fig. 17,
Plate VIII.
The turbines,gearsand thrust blocksare provided
with lubricationon a combinedgravity and pressure
system, comprisingMessrs.C. A. Parsons 80Co.’s
arrangementof extra cooled oil delivered to the
sprayers. Thecoolersfor this systemcan be seenin
Fig. 20, PlateIX, in which also the elevatedgravity
tankswill alsobe easilyidentifiedon the awningdeck
level. The words“ FreshWater Plan ” whichappear
IN ourissueofJune 25last,onpage’862, weillustrated This coolerconsistsof a singlelcastingcontainingtwo on thesetanksin somecopiesof Plate IX referto the
and describeda type of watercoolerintroducedby verticalscreensformedof brass,or phosphorbronze, fresh water distillers behind,which can be seenin
Messrs.HeenanandFroude,Limited,Worcester,about metallicwool and placedone behindthe other. The Fig. 16. Theconnoctionstothe sprayersand hearings
that time. This appliancewassuitablefor coolingthe hot waterfrom the enginejacketsis deliveredinto a will alsobeseen. Theretarefour coolersof the same
circulatingwater of fairly large gas and oil engines, trough formedin the top of the casingas shownin size. In normal workingthe wholeof the oil passes
air compressors, &c., and has, we understand,given Fig. 4. and afterpassingthrougha detachable strainer through the first pair, and is then divided, part
completesatisfactionfor this class of work. Until indicatedin Fig. 3, is distributedover the screensflowingto the overheadgravity tanks, and thenceto
quite recently,however,it hasnot beenpracticableto throughperforatedbrassplatesfittedin the bottomof thehigh-speed bearings. Theremainder passesthrough
producea cooler suitablefor use with the smaller the trough. At oneendof the casinga propellerfan, thethird coolerand is furtherreducedin temperature
classof intemal-combustion enginesrangingfrom,say, arrangedfor belt driving, is mounted,and the air beforedeliverytothe sprayersand low-speedbearings.
10 to 50 b.h.p., to replacethe coolingtanks usually fromthis coolsthe waterasittricklesoverthescreens.The fourthcooleris astand-by,andcan besubstituted
employedwith enginesof this size, although much The air leavesthroughan outlet at the oppositeend for either of the first two coolers.or for the third
experimentalwork has beencarriedout by the firm of the casing. Fig. l is a view of the coolerlooking cooler. Alternativevalve and piping arrangements
with this object in view. As a result of this work on thefan end,whiletheoutletendis shownin Fig. 2. allow the systemto be convertedto one usinggravity
the variousdifficultieshavenow beenovercome,and In thelatterillustrationand alsoin Fig. 6, are shown only, or pressureonly..
the particularlycompactand serviceable coolershown the verticalblades,or eliminatorsas they are called, The single-flowcoolershave a seriesof horizontal
by the accompanying illustrations,Figs. 1 to 6, has whichareprovidedto collectthe smalldropsof water bafies, the oil flowingalternatelytowardsa central
beenplaceduponthe market. whichmightotherwisebe blownout with theescaping1holein onebaflieand thenout towardstherim of the
 . ENGINEERING. ‘"i;"
______ -___________ _: .._;_ 1 "" . 5"
next,andsoon,theoil thuscrossingthetubesat right througha specialspring-loaded
* ' W _* '*"1'** ' mi-" " _ _;1 , _,____,-'-&_”__
valveandthenceto the for duri the first month.whereasit was. "1 {mgthe
nngles,andbeingsplitupin thismannerintoa number low-pressure turbines. _
" electricgenerating sixthmonthbeforethefinalresultswereshow11. During
of smallstreams. The coefficient of heattransmission The two “ Shanks-Siemens sets “"5 P°"°d d°fl°°°“15l5°d hfidbeen°°'1fil'1l1°l1~‘*|.\'
thusobtainedis extremely good,with onlyaverysmall eachof 33kw. areplacedon themaindecklevelin the forming '°m°"°d f"°"‘ "h° °i15“§'l‘5Phi*'°b°°“m°“fixed w “'9 m°°“|~‘4
pressuredrop, the latter seldomamounting10 1 lb. port wingof theengineroom,and may beseenon the Thesecond theshaftingandbearins.
practicaltestwasin a largeplantoperated
Watercirculationthroughthecoolertubesis provided right-handsideof Fig. 18. At the samelevelon the in GreaterNew York, whereit wasdetermined by the
by a smallcentrifugalpumpby Messrs.Drysdaleand starboardside is the engineers’workshopand also management to makea testof Oildagin factorylubrica
Co., Ltd., driven by an enclosedforcedlubrication a No. 9 CO2refrigerating machineby Messrs.J. andE. tion, and for this pur oseonedepartment of the lam.
engine. In Figs. 16 and 17 the coolerswill be seen Hall, Ltd., for ship'sprovisions,alsoshownin Fig. l8. containing heavymac ineryandoperated byelectricity.
in elevationandplan,andthe positionsof thelubrica The mainrefrigerating plant,alsoby Messrs. J. and E. wassetasidefor theexperiment.Carefulmeasurements
ting oil draintank andof thefiltersarealsoindicated. Hall, is placedbetweenthe lines of main shafting werefirst takenof the powerrequiredto operatethe
The oil lubricatingforcepumpsaretwo in number, immediatelyabaft the engine-roombulkhead. department, usingthe bestsystemof lubricationup to
that timepractised. Oildagwasthensubstituted,and
andareshownin Figs. 16and 17. TheyarebyMessrs. (To becontinued.)
G. and J. Weir, Ltd., and are of the single-cylinder after operatingtwo weeks,measurements bein taken
daily, it was found that the powerconsumptionhad
verticaldirect-acting type. The cylinderdiameteris 10 beenreduced18percent.,andduringthenextweekof
in. by 18in. stroke,onepumpbeingcapableof dealing WORMS AND SKEW GEAR. operationthe ower consumptionwent down still
with the wholequantity of oil in circulation. These To -rimEnrron or Euonn=:ii:nnio.~ furtheruntil it s oweda totalreductionof 24}percent.
pumpsdraw from a separatedrain tank under the “ Sin,--In readingrover the interestingpaper on Here, again,we seedistinctevidenceof the necessity
engine-roomfloor. Oil strainers in duplicate are Moore, Developments in ransmission," by CaptainBramley of time,andthis canonlybeattributedto thefactthat
M.C.,in yourissueof February4, thewriterwas timeis requiredfor the deflocculated graphiteto leave
providedboth on thesuctionanddeliverysidesof the struckby the similarityof the s ial “F.J. " worm, the oil and unite with the‘metals. As in everycase
pumps. theredescribed, with anordinary ewgear. whereOildag has beenused,like evidencehas been
The manoeuvring gearfor the turbinesis placedat The maindifference between a skewgearanda worm producedthat the beneficialresultsare due to the
the engine-room forwardbulkhead(Fig. 19),that for is thenumberof teeth,a wormis a skewgearwith an formationof graphoidsurfaces,by the reasonof the
eachset of turbinescomprisingone emergency self unusuallysmall numberof teeth. The teeth of an unionof thedeflocculatedaphitewith the metals,we
“ ”
closingbulkheadvalve,andone ahead and astern" “ ordinary skewgear areoutof involute form,andtheend arewarranted in believingt at thepresence of deflocc\i
combinedmanwuvringvalve by Messrs.Cockbums, view,s'.e.,viewlookingalongaxis,will showthe flanks latedgra hits in oil doesnot improvethe lubricating
of theteeth of involute form,if correctlyout. If a right valueof t 0 oil asanoil.
Limited. The emergency self-closing valvesare auto angledtrianglebe imaginedcut out in pa er, and
the Referringto thesecond quotationfromthecommittee's
maticallyshut down, throughthe turbine governorsperpendicular be madeequalin lengthto t e leadof a report.as abovecited,it wouldbe interestingto know
actingonanAspinallpatentoiltransmission valvefitted givenskew- r tooth,and the basebe madeequalin whatmeanswereusedby the committee to determine
at the end of eachturbinebearing,in the event of lengthto t e basecircle circumference of the er, that no appreciableflocculationof the graphitewas
excessive speedof the turbinerotors,also througha and this trianglebe wrap d rounda cylinder,w ose observed duringtheuseof anyof theoils. In myown
specialpistonoil controlin theeventof thelubricating diameteris equalto the ass circlediameter,on un experience I havefoundit requireda gooddealof care
oil supply falling below a predeterminedlevel, or wrapping,the hypotenuse of trianglewill sweepout a and specialprecautionswere necessary to determine
stoppageof a lubricatingoil pum . An electricalarm correct spiralinvolute. whetheror notthegraphitewasflocculating, andI have,
This is exactlywhatthewormgeardescribed appearsfurther,provedconclusively that afterthegraphitehas
is alsofittedin conjunctionwith t elatter. The start to do, the basecircle worm cylinderas Captain flocculated it is no longerpossibleto producea graphoid
(or
ing platformis at a heightfrom which a clearview Bramley-Moore prefersto call it) beingmadesmallto surfacewith it—-itis, in fact,no longerOildag. Prue.
of the engine-room can be obtained. The Aspinail ensurea strongformof toothandto kee theleadangle the graphitecontentmay be partiallyfiocculated, and
governorwas,it maybe stated,describedonp. 344of andbasecirclediameterin theregion0 45dog. to a certainextentthe desiredresultsmay beobtained
ourlastvolume. If a flat weremilledon a skewgearto sucha depth with thatstill remaining in a defiocculated condition.
fromcentreof gearto flate ualsthe Another statement in thecommittee's “
report, There
The condensers areof circularsection,eachhavinga thatthedimension
radiusof basecirclein endview,the sidesof t e teeth was no evidenceof the so-called‘ aphoidsurface‘
coolingsurfaceof 3,510sq. ft. and designedfor 28-in. wouldbestraight lines,asindicatedin Fig, 43,on page beginning to fonn,evenat theendof t eseriesof tests."
vacuumat 76deg.F. seatemperature.The shellsare 152,with theinclinationto theaxis thecompliment of hasa bearing uponthe question underdiscussion.As
constructed of mild steelplates,andthe enddoorsand theleadangleandthisradius. Oildaghasan advantage overthe oil fromwhichit is
waterboxesof cast-iron. The two 15-in.centrifugal Yoursfaithfully, formedonly by reasonof the formationof a graphoid
circulatingpumps(Figs. 17 and l8) are by Messrs. W. B. Woon. surface,I mustnecessarily assume thatnotwithstanding
Henry Wilson & Co., Ltd., and are eachdrivenby a 10,St. James‘sPark, WestCroydon,Surrey. the fact that the committee failedto seeany evidence
compoundenclosedforcedlubricationengine,having February12,1921. oftheformationofagraphoidsurface, thatsuchgraphoirl
cylinders6in. and12in. diameterby 5§ in. stroke. The surfaceto a limited extent had formed; otherwise
therewouldhavebeenno beneficial results,whichthey
two main air pumps(Figs. 17 and l9) areof Messrs. ~LUBRICATION.” statethey actuallydid obtain. A graphoidsurfaceis
Weir’s“ Dual " type,18in. diameterby 15in. stroke; To run Enrron or ENGINEERING. not readilyseenwith theeye.
each pump serves one condenser.A “ Parsons" SlB,~—Ihave read, with interest, your editorial The formationof the graphoidsurfaceis a necessary
vacuumaugmentor, Fig. 17,is alsofittedto eachcon " Lubrication,"intheDecember 31issueofEuomnnnmo preliminaryto the reductionof friction,or any other
denser,for use in the eventof any abnormalinflux and believeyour brief reference to the findingsof the improvedconditionthatis a resultof Oildaglubrication.
of air to same. " Lubricants and Lubrication Inquiry Committee,"This surfacecanbequicklyformedby theuseof whatis
The feed heater is of the builder‘s “ Neptune" regardingthe valueof Oildag,as determined by their known as concentrated Oildag,this beinga product
consistingof a neutraloil carrying 12) per cent. of
surfacetype,and is shownin Fig. 19. Thefeedfilter, investigations,forms sufficientexcusefor this com deflocculated graphite. Painting,or otherwisecoating
shown belowin Fig. 19 and in Fig. 17,is List and munication. The Lubricantsand LubricationIn uiry Committeerubbingsurfaces withthismaterialpreviousto theuseof
Munn’s'g'ravitationtype by Messrs.J. and H. Car wasverygenerous in theirtreatment0 Oildag. Their Oildag reducesthe time necessaryto form graphoid
ruthers,Limited. There are two main feed pumps reportcontainsevidenceof havinggivenconsiderablesurfaces.
seenin Figs. 17and 19, placedat theforwardend of thoughtandtimeto it, andif theresultstheyobtained This method of procedure is now beingpractisedby
the engineroom,onepumpbeingcapableof doingthe fellshortof thosepossibleof attainment, thecausemay a numberof railroadswhereOildagis beingtriedout in
wholedutyrequired. An auxiliaryfeedpump,Fig. 19, befoundin eitheroneof twofactsstated in theirreport, car journal lubrication; for instance,on the Long
“ It wasobviouslyimpossible to run the Island Railroad,the Chicagoand GreatW'esternRail
of the samecapacityaseithermainfeedpumpis also namely,first, forsixweeks tomakingthetests, roadandon the carsof the streetrailwaysand trolley
“ gear onOildag
installed.Thesepumpsareofthe Weir” direct-actingalthoughthis was statedprevious y Messrs.Achesonto be linesof the Public ServiceCorporationof the Stateof
verticaltype. necessary beforeanybeneficial resultscouldbeexpected”;New Jersey. In all casesof car journal lubrication.
From the arrangement of machineryit will be seen second,“ The neutralityof theoil wasnot testedin the mostremarkable resultsarebeingobtainedin thematter
that thereis no unduerestrictionof spacearoundany mannerdescribed by Messrs. Acheson, butnoappreciableof the eliminationof hot boxes,reductionof power
of theauxiliaries. Includedin theauxiliaryequipmentflocculation of thegra hitewasobserved duringtheuse consumption andsmalleramountof lubricantrequired.
"
and not previouslyreferredto are: Two “ Lamont of the oils." It wond seemthat the committee was I havebeen doingsomeworkthathasa bearingupon
duplexbilgepumps,with 5-in. cylinders,6-in. pumps lookingfor beneficialresultsfrom Oildagin the same the l3 pointsthe committeesuggested for futurein
manner t hat theymightlookfor improved resultsfrom vcstigations, and the resultsgive promiseof clearing
by 6-in.stroke,shownin Fig. 19; one“ Lamont" duplex thesubstitutionof a superioroil for an inferioroil, but up someof the doubtfulquestionsregardingpetroleum
ballast umpon the port sideof theengine roomnear in thiswa theywerein error,fortherearemanyreasonslubricatingoil. Onelittleexperiment that canbeeasily
theaft ulkhead,with 8-in.cylinders,ll-in. pumpsby that wond causeoneto believethat the presence of and quickly performedby any one possessingthe
10-in.stroke; two " Lamont” duplexsanitarypumps deflocculated graphitein the oil to the‘amountof necessary apparatusis as follows:
(Figs. 17 and 19), 5-in. cylinders,6-in. pumps by i of l percent.of theweightof the'oildoesnot to any Placeonedropof lubricatingoil of, say,300Saybolt
6-in.stroke; one“ Lamont” duplexfreshwaterpump, appreciable extentimprovethelubricatingvalueof the viscosity,in a test tube. Add 125dropsof acetone.
3-in. cylinders,4-in. pumpsby 5-in. stroke;-and one oil itself. Thereis alsoconclusiveevidencethat it is shakingthe tube until the oil is dissolved,then add
“ Lamont” duplexgeneral only whenthe graphitehasbeenremovedfromthe oil 350dropsof waterand againshakethe tube, which
serviceandashejectorpump on to,or into,themetalsformingthejoumalor bearing,will now be found to be filled with a light-coloured
(Fig. 19),l0§-in. cylinder,7-in.pumpby l0-in. stroke; thatanybeneficial results areobtained. liquid. Removeonedropof liquidfromthetube,place
a " Weir” 50-tonevaporator(Fig. 19); andtwo No. 3 Perha thiscanbemorereadilyunderstood by giving on a slideand examineunderan ultra-microscope and
distillers by Messrs. John Kirkaldy, Ltd., seen in theres ts obtainedin twocaseswhore;Oildag hasbeen it will be foundthat the liquid containsmatterin the
Fig. 16. usedin factoriesin the United States. The first was colloidalstate. If thetubebesetaside,it will befound
An auxiliary condenserof the non-vacuumtype, in a factorywheretheresultswereexpressed in dollars thatthiscolloidalmatterwill, in a fewweeks,riseto the
cents,with the entire eliminationof all testing topof theliquid,ascreamrisesto thetopof milk.
having 1,000sq. ft. coolingsurface,is lacedon the and apparatus. T hefactor wasoperated b y electric motors, If this sameexperiment be repeatedwith a drop of
engine-room aft bulkheadfor dealingwit the exhaust andtheelectricitywas roughtfromanoutsidecompanykerosene insteadof lubricatingoil, it will be foundtho
steamfrom winchesand otherauxiliariesworkingin and paid for monthly. In lettersreceivedfrom this amountof colloidalmatterwill be muchless. If again
port. This is seenin Figs. 17and20. The condensatefirm,theystatetheycommenced theuseof Oildagin the repeated witha dropof gasoline still lesscolloidalmatter
is led to a separatetank with float control for the monthof March,1920,andwithoutany changein the will be obtained,and, lastly, if a drop of petroleum
auxiliaryfeedpump. _ amountof workbeingperformed in thefactory,thesame benzinis used,no colloidalmatterwill be found. I
The auxiliaryenginesgenerallyare suitablefor the amountof machineryand shaftingbeingin operationpart believethis colloidalmatteris, in fact, the lubricating
of the petroleumand further,that it is it that
full boilerpressure,andfor workingwith superheatedduringtheentireperiod,theyfoundasfollows:— producesthe viscosityof the oil and is the bestpart
steam,andto this endtheyareprovidedwith metallic Dollars. of the oil. I have,therefore,venturedto give it the
packingto the pistonrods,whilsteverycarehasbeen Theirpower bill for Marchwas 266'05 nameof petroleum fat,or thefat of petroleum.
,, ,, April was 242-31
givento the laggingof the cylinders. All auxiliaries ,, .. Maywas 229-15
In my experiments, as well as in thoseof Professor
are designedfor workingagainsta back_pressureof .. .. June was 200-65
C. H. Benjaminand Dr. C. F. Mabery,and in many
10lb. persquareinch (gauge). The auxiliaryexhaust ,. July was practicaluses in manufacturing plants, on railroads
I65-99 and in automobiles. it hasbeenpositivelyprovedthat
system is such that the various auxiliaries can ,, Augustwas 162-55 colloidalgraphiteis a vastly superiorlubricant in
exhaust to the feed heater, auxiliary condenser,Thusshowing areduction in powerbillsof approximatelypetroleum fat,or thecolloidstobefoundin petroleum.
low-pressureturbines, main condensers,or atmos 38}percent. Hadthepresence ofdeflocculated graphite A very inferiorlubricatingoil, that is onedeficient
phere, the normal arrangementbeing to the sur in theoil beensimplyto improvetheoil asa lubricatingin petroleumfat, maybe madethe carrierof colloidal
faceKfecdheater,any surplusexhaust steampassing body.all of thispowerreduction mighthavebeenlooked graphite,therebyprodiu-ing a lubricatingagentsuperior
 ENGINEERING. [MARCH 4, 1921.

BOILERS FOR THE TWIN-SCREW TURBINE S.S. “MENDOZA/'

MESSRS. SWAN, HUNTER AND WIGHAM RICHARDSON, LIMITED, ENGINEERS, NEWCASTLE-ON-TYNE.
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is

THE TWIN-SCREW TURBINE

S.S. “MENDOZA.” The arrangementof this superheaterappliedto one shownin Fig. 15,Plate VIII, ante.
of theMendoza/sboilers shownin Figs.23,24and25, The oil fuel installationis placedin recessesofi
is is

(Concluded from page194.) page257. Each boiler fitted with threeDeighton the aft stokeholdand comprisestwo similar sets
STEAM suppliedat 200 lb. by six single-endedfurnaceshaving StephenGourlay back ends. The of pumpingand heatingplant, eachset consistingof
is

cylindricalboilers,15ft. in. diameterby 11ft. in. total gratesurfaceof all boilers 381sq. ft. Three onehorizontalsimplexoil fuel pumpwith air vessel,
is
6

long,constructed by thebuildersandarrangedfor coal soot blowersof the “ Diamond” patternare fitted to oneheaterwith relief valve,one water collector,one
firing‘ or for liquid fuel firing on the “Wallsend the rearendof eachboiler. duplex dischargestrainer,including pressuregauges
Howden” system. The general arrangement The double inlet forced draught fan, by Messrs. anddraincocks,all erectedon an oiltight tray. Each
is

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shownin Figs. 21 and 22, annexed. Superheaters of JamesHowden Co.,Ltd., is it. diameterandcoupled of thesesets arrangedso that it can drawfrom the
is
9

the “ Robinson" marinetypeof Messrs.Swan,Hunter to two compoundengineshavingcylinders in. and oil fuelsettlingtanksthrougha duplexsuctionstrainer
7

and Wigham Richardson’sown make are installed 12in. diameterby in. stroke. This fan placedin and deliverthroughthe du lex deliverystrainerand
is
7

to give 180deg.F. superheatat the boiler headers: a separatecompartment betweenthe engineand boiler heaterto the burners. Eitlier of thesepumpingand
in this typeof superheaterboltedjoints areeliminated rooms,and can be controlledfrom the manoeuvringheatingsets capableofdealingwiththetotalquantity
is
 Maacn 4, 1921.] ENGINEERING. '-’57

“
BOILERS FOR THE TWIN-SCREW TURBINE S.S. MEN DOZA.”
AND :,=,WIGHAM RICHARDSON, LIMITED, ENGINEERS,

ii
CONSPRUCTED BY MESSRS. SWAN, HUNTER .NEWCASTLE-ON-TYNE.

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of oil requiredfor all the boilers,oneunit remainingas speedpinions are interchangeable, therebyreducing blades,however, being maintainedby meansof a
a stand-by in case the working set requiredover the numberof sparesrequired. Astern sectionsare suitableguidepin. The cylindersarethereforerelieved
hauling. Auxiliarysteam-raising apparatus is supplied, providedin each cylinder,thesebeingdivided from of any stresseswhich may arise from rapid changes
and in conjunctionwith this thereis a specialhand the aheadsectionsby meansof specialdiaphragms,in temperatureand pressurewhichmight occur when
pump, for use whenraising steam. The oil settling whichallowof very compactarrangement of nozzles manoeuvring,&c. The nozzlesthemselvesare con
a

tanks,eachof a capacityof 15tons,areplacedin the in the caseof the high-pressure cylinders,and great structedof steelanglesmachined all overbetweenwhich
specialrecessesalreadymentioned. freedomof exhaustin the case of the low-pressurethe guidesare securedby rivets. These guidesare
Two “ Weir” oil fuel transferpumpsof the vertical cylinders.Sectionalviews of both the high-pressurevery carefullymachinedto gaugesandfittedintoplace.
type,eachof a capacityof 20tonsperhour,areplaced turbinesaregivenin Figs. 26and27,Plate XI, andof As high vacuum desirable,greatcarehas been
is
a

in the forward stokeholdfor the transfer and dis the low-pressure cylindersin Figs. 28 and29. paidto the exhaustarrangement with a viewof avoid- ‘
tribution of fuel oil from the oil bunkersand double In thistypeof turbinetheetficiencyi not dependenting the drop in vacuumwhichis usuallyexperienced
s

oil compartmentsto the settling tanks. These are uponbladeclearances.Each stagecomprises a wheel betweenthe last set of bladesand the condenser.
shownin Figs. 21and22. and a fixed diaphragm,and the clearancesallowed It will be seenfrom the figires that the condensers
The generalarrangementof boiler-roomis shown areof the orderlof in. axiallyand §in. radially. The arehungimmediately belowthe low-pressure cylinders.
A

in Figs. 21 and 22. The two funnelsare of circular wheelsaresteelforgings,machined all overandtaperin Special exhaust diaphragmsare provided incor
section,and approximately 84 ft. highabovethe wing thicknessfrom the centreto the periphery,which poratingsuitableguidesto ensurethe easiestpossible
is

grates. A special steam “mixing” valve chest is formedto takethe blades. The wheelsareforcedonto flow of steamto the condenser. This arrangement
fitted on the top of eachboilerso that dry saturated the shaft,which steppedto receivethem,bymeansof in additionto givinghighefficiency,materiallyreduces
is

steam,or steamof any desiredtemperature up to that hydraulicpressureandsecuredby meansof keys,the thespacerequired.

properto the designedmaximumcan be secured. A last wheelbeingsecuredby nut with a fine thread. The turbinebearingsconsistof castiron shellslined
a

See's ash ejectoris fitted in each stokehold,also a The bladesare machinedfromsolidbarsof percent. with white metal. They are arrangedin sucha way
5

steamashhoistof Messrs.BryanDonkin’smake. nickel steel,and are securedto the wheelsby means thattheymayberemovedwithoutremovingtheturbine
The twin-screwpropellingmachineryis illustrated of double rivets, which are expandedin a machine rotors. The glandsat eachendof theturbinecylinders
in Figs. 26 to 32, Plate XI, and Figs. 33 and 34, speciallydesignedwith a viewto obviatingdamageto areof the combinedsteamand watertype,the former
page 260. It comprisestwo sets of Metropolitan the blades or wheel. The diaphragmsseparatingbeingusedwhenstartingup, manceuvring,&c., and
Vickers Rateau turbines,constructedby the builders the stagesare constructedof cast-ironmadein halves the latter when running normally. The tank for
14

at their Neptune Works, under licence from the to facilitateoverhauland inspection. watersupplyto glands placedat about ft. above
is

Metropolitan-VickersElectrical Company, Limited. The diaphragmguidebladesareof mildsteelandare the turbineshaftcentres,this tank beingfed from the
Each setof turbinesis dividedinto twocylinders,high cast into the diaphragms. All high pressuresand main feedpump dischargevalve box. This type of
and low-pressurerespectively,runningat the same temperaturesare confined to nozzle boxes con gland has the advantageof giving completesealing
speed,and eachdriving a high-speedpinion on the structed of cast steel, which are secured at one withoutany rubbingparts,and importantto note
is
it

reduction gearing. Each cylinder is designedto end only, the other end being free to expand, its that no lossof freshwatertakesplace.
developthe samepowerand consequentlythe high relative position with regard to the first row of The turbinesare capableof developinga maximum
 1258 ENGINEERING. [l\/[ARCH 4, 1921.

powerof4,000s.h.p.perscrew,i'.e.,a totalof8,000s.h.p. Steel Works Closed,—TlicCleveluiidsteel works of

whenworkingwith steamat a pressureof 190lb. per -/NOTES FROM "SOUTH _YORKSHIRE- . Messrs.Bolckow,Vaughanand Co., Limited, Middles
squareinchgaugeanda superheat Srrszirrrirnn, Wednesday. brough,have,as theoutcomeof tradedepression, been
of 150deg.F. The Iron and Steel.——By the end of this weekSheffieldpracticallycloseddown. \Vith the exceptionof ii.
normalspeedof eachturbineis 3,000r.p.m.,thisbeing unemployed will total 20,000.The LabourExchangesdepartmentwhere600 men,are employed,the works
reducedby doublereductiongearingto 113at the arecrowdedwith men,women,girls andboyswishing areidle, and 1,500workmenhavebeenaddedto Tees
propeller. -tosignon,andaretotallyunableto copewith the rush side’slist of unemloyed. Until wagescomedownand
It will begatheredfromourillustrationsonPlate XI of work. Almost every trade is represented.The priceof coalis re ucedthereseemslittle likelihoodof
and alsofrom Figs. 33and34,page260,showingthe steeland engineering branchesappearto be the worst resumption of operations at theCleveland steelworks.
turbines,thattheforeandaft lengthoccupiedby these hit, but thereareworkmenbelongingto everydepart Shipments of Iron and Stec1.—$hipments of iron and
is extremelysmall; for example,the extremelength ment,evenincludingthebuildingindustry. Employersstoolfrom the port of Middlesbrough duringFebruary
offernohopeoftakingmenbackforsome time,and there totalled34,447tons.as compared with 44,686tonsfor
overthelowpressurecasingis approximately 4 ft. 9in. is everyindicationthat thenumberof unemployed will the previousmonth. Pig-iron despatclied
The high pressureturbineoverallis shorterby about be much last month
ter beforethe looked-forrevivalin trade to 12.801 tons,against11,788 tonsin Jaiiunry,
3 in. The powerof the enginesis measured by means takesplace. Noneof theefiortsto getdowncostsby amounted manufactured i ron loadedis returnedat 1,607tons,
oftorsionmeters of theHopkinson-Thringtypefittedon appealingto the co-operation of labourhavehad any against6,047tonsin January,andsteelshippedreached
thelinesof shaftingaft of the engineroom,as shown results. The downwardmovement in pricescontinues.only 20,030tons,as compared with 26,853tonsfor the
onFig. 17,PlateVIII, andFigs.30and31,PlateXI. Billets and wire rods havebeenreduced 301:. per ton first monthof the year. Of the pig-ironclearedin
The gears,whichare of the doublehelicaltype,and this week. Therehasbeena furtherdropin softbasic February, 2,995tons went coastwisoand 9,806tons
weremadeby Messrs.The ParsonsMarine SteamTur reduction qualities,for which thereis a fairly free market. A went abroad; of the manufactured iron shipped,133
to priceswhichwouldapproximatemoreto tonswentcoastwise and 1,474tonswent abroad; and
bine Company,Limited, are arrangedwith the axes thoseof im ortedmaterialwouldleadto a revivalin
of pinionsand wheelsin one horizontalplane. The business.8 efiield forgesare almostwithout work. 19,839tons of the stooldespatched, 200tons Wentcoastwise and
gearcaseis rigidly constructedand of castiron, with The heavytradehasnotbeensoquietfor years,andthe pig-ironwereItaly, went abroad. The best customersfor
5,010tons; Belgium,3,030tons;
coversconveniently arranged foraccess andobservation.mills are runningshorttime. Derbyshire pig-ironhas and \\'ales, 1,200tons. Japan, with an import of
The thrustblocksareof theMichelltype,incorporatingbeenreduced300.forforgeand25.9. forfoundry ualities; 420tons,wasthelargest recipientof manufactured iron.
a shaft bearingon eithersideof the singlecollar. A the formeris now quotedat 91.10s.,and t e’ latter Indiawasoncemorebyfartheheaviest importerof steel,
at 101.to 101.2s.6d.at furnaces.A fair season’s t rade taking 6,369 tons,whilstAustraliareceived 3,216tons,
steamdriventurninggearis situatedon the distance is beingdonein spades,shovelsand otherfarm and theArgentine2,151tons,Japan 1,869tonsandHolland
bracketbetweenthe aft endof the gearcaseand the gardentools, thoughthe volumeis far short of
the -
thrustblockas mentioned in our issueof February 18. averagefor this periodof the year. Pricesare easier, 1,475tons.
Greatcarehasbeentakenin thedesignof theturbine but buyersanticipatea still furtherdropandarewith
and gearcaseseatingto ensureamplerigidity of the holdingorders. The demandfor steelparts from the NOTES FROM THE NORTH.
latter. Lincolnshireimplementtradeis the poorestfor many Gnssoow,Wednesday.
The turbines,gearsand thrust blocksare provided years. ScottishSteelT1-ade.—The stateof the Scottishsteel
with lubricationby meansof a combinedgravityand South YorkshireCoal T1-ade.—There is a continuedtradeshowsno improvement, and the outputfromthe
pressure system, incorporating the arrangementheavypressure in slacks,whichhavebecome soabundantsmallernumberof millsnowrunningis morethanample
recommended by Messrs. Parsons, by which extra thatcollierysidings arecongested, andit is beingfound to coverall businessbeingofleredat the presenttime.
cooledoil may be deliveredto the sprayers. The in necessary to restrictfurtheroutput. The seriouspoint The demandis, if anything,gettingsmallerand the
this is that it is leadingto a shortagein the pro outlookis far from encouraing, and is indeedrather
arrangementof tanks and coolershas alreadybeen ductionof steamcoaland cobbles. Alreadythereare black. Prices, which have een consistentlyreduced
fully dealtwith,andis shownin sectionviewof engine complaints of scarcityof largesteains,andthe duringthe pastmonthor two, ofierno inducement to
room,Plates VIII and IX, publishedwith our issue is madethat exportswill haveto be againpro suggestion
ibited. consumers, who can usethe cheapmaterialwhich the
of February18. This matterhasalso beendealtwith In view of the laboursituationbuyersare anxiously Continentalmakersare sendinginto this marketat
in detail in connectionwith the generalmachineryendeavourinto accumulate reserves, but this,with the prices considerablyunder those of local producers.
arrangements. presentsuppy, is practicallyimpossible.GasconcernsThe rateof exchange is muchin their favour,and until
The arrangementof shafting and propellers is All businessis beingheld u owingtoupthe
arecallingfor largerdeliveries t o build their stocks. thatgetsnearerto thepre-warlevelthepresentstateis
uncertainlikely to continue. All classesof materialare very
shownin Figs. 30, 31 and 32, Plate XI. The pro prospects.The bulkof best ardsaretakenby railway dull andverylittle is doingin homeplates,sheetsand
pellersare of the built type, having four bladesof companies.For house coal the demandcontinuesstructuralmaterial. Export businessis also quite off
Stone'smanganese bronzeattachedto caststeelbosses.active, chieflyfor the best brands,which are scarce.for the present. Blacksheets,l in. and u , areeasier
The vesseland her propellingmachineryhavebeen In other gradesthereis plenty of fuel for disposal.to theextentof 11.perton andarenowcaled 221.per
constructedto meet the requirementsof Bureau Blast fumacecokeis movingslightly,pricesshowingtondeliveredGlasgowStation.
Veritas,Frenchlaw, andtheRegistroNavaleItaliano, little alteration. Quotations :—Best branch hand MalleableIron T1-ade.—'l‘he conditionsin the West
and the constructionof the vesseland her watertight picked,370.211. to 380.211.;Barnsleybest Silkstone,of Scotland malleable iron trade are practically
370.2d. to 37s.8d.; Derbyshirebestbri hts, 35s.2d. unaltered,and depressionis generalthroughoutthe
subdivisionare in accordancewith the requirementsto 36s.2d.; Derbyshiro housecoal,3'20. . to 330.2d.; district. There is very little trade passing,and in
of the InternationalConvention. A sister ship for Derbyshirebestlargenuts,32s.8d.to 33s.8d.; Derby
the sameownersis underconstructionat theNeptune shiresmallnuts,310.8d.to 320.8d.; Yorkshireha-rds,been orderto encourage buyinga reductionof 21.perton has
madein prices,and “crown" barsarenowquoted
Worksby Messrs.Swan,HunterandWighamRichard 32s. 8d. to 33s. 8d,; Derbyshirehards, 320.8d. to at 231.per ton, net, deliveredat Glasgowstations.
son,Limited. 330.841.;rough slacks,280.2d. to 29.2.2d.; nutty, Extrasfor sizesandsectionswill in futurebebasedon
270.2d.to 288.2d.; smalls,238.211. to 240.211. list of November,1916,plus an additionof 100per
SWEDISHMANUIACTUREor AoroiuoiiimisXN Gim cent.
si/mY.—Accordingto SwedishExport, the Swedish ScottishPig-Iron Trade.-—-So little businessis being
Gas AccumulatorCompanyhas starteda subsidiary NOTES FROM CLEVELAND AND THE secured by localpig-ironmakersthata furtherdamping
concernin Germany,the A. G. fiir Automobilbau, and NORTHERN COUNTIES. downof furnaceshasagainbeenmade,and still more
at the newyearraisedits sharecapitalfrom 3,000,000 Mmnnsssnouon,Wednesday. will be blown out shortly. The presentconditionof
marksto 20,000,000 marks. The companyis to carry TheCleveland Iron Trade.——Drastic reductionin prices the industryis very unsatisfactory, and considerable
on the manufacture on a lar e scaleof smallpassengermaydrawbuyersinto themarket. An all roundfall of stocksarenowlyingat thevariousworks,andit is very
cars,andGermancapitalis togbe invitedtoparticipate. 450.is quiteunprecedented, andthoughit leavesmarket difficultto seethetimewhenan improvement maytake
place. Steelmakers
quotationsstill 10a.to 16:.abovewhatforeigniron can and thequantities areconsuming verylittle hematite,
THE Sm Roman-rHADFIELDPRIZE.-——II1 offerin a be boughtfor manyhomeconsumers, who preferthe alsoverysmallindeed. of iron goingout to thefoundriesis
prizefor the descriptionof a newandaccuratemethod productof this district may be preparedto pay the The exportsideis doin practi
of determiningthe hardnessof metals,expeciallyof reduced figures for Cleveland pig-iron. For home cally nothingjust now. Pricesare easieran are as
metalsof a highdegree of hardness, Sir RobertHadfield purposes.No. 1 becomes1550.; siliceousiron, l55a.; follow: No. 1 foundryiron, 101.per ton, and No. 3,
saysthat the ordinarytestsof hardness,suchas are No. 3 G.M.B.,150.-1. ; No. 4 foundry,1490. ; No. 4 forge, 01.150.-perton, net, f.o.r.,makers‘works; hematite,
described in the re rt of the HardnessTestsResearch147s.611.;mottled,1478.601.;and white iron, 1450.; 101.50.perton,net,delivered steelworks.
Committee (Proceeingsof theInstitutionof Mechanicalwhilstfor despstchto foreignportsNo. 1 is now 1600. ; ScottishShipbm'1ding.—Quite a satisfactoryoutput
Engineers,1916,pages677to 778),which shouldbe siliceous,160a.; No. 3 G.M.B., 1550. ; No. 4 foundry, falls to be recordedfrom the shipbuildingyards in
consulted by competitors, fail to someextentwhenthe 1540. ; N0. 4 forge,152:.6d.; mottled,152a.6d.; and Scotlandduringthepastmonth,thetotalamountingto
hardnessof the materialexceedsabout 600 to 800 whiteiron, I50-s. 28vessels of 83,977 tons,madeupasfollows:—
Brinell. Whatis desiredis thedescription of a research '
for, or an invtigation of, some methodof accu Hem¢m'1e.—A 40:.fallin EastCoastHematitepromises Vessels. Tons.
ratelydetermininhardness, suitablefor applicationin to befollowedby ex sionof business.In thisbranch TheClyde 26 82,431
metallurgical wor in casesin which presentmethods there have been0 d inquirieson homeand The Forth I 1,140
partiallyfail. The awardor awardswill be madeby accountwhentradein otherdepartments wasdeadidforeign
is. TheTay 1 388
the councilof the Institutionof MechanicalEngineers,ForhomeuseandforexportalsoNo. 1isdownto 1828. 6d. The DeeandMorayFirth 1 20
whosedecisionwill be final. The councilwill consider andmixedNos.are1808.
all communications received,and may then awarda 28 83,977
Coke.—Sales of cokeare slow. Local userswill not
prizeor prizes. The prizefund at presentamountsto pay currentratesand declarethat muchlowerfiguresThe Clydeoutputis muchthehighestfor the monthof
about 1541..and any uncxpended balancein January, must rule in the almostimmediatefuture. Sellers,Februaryand is over 33,000tons abovethe revious
1922,will bedivertedto anyotherpurposes to bedeter however.arevery reluctantto reducetheir quotationsbest for that month—February, 1914,whent e total
minedat thediscretionof thecouncil. Thecouncilmay of 540.6d.at the ovensfor averageblast-furnace kind, was 49,082tons. SomeformerJanuarys were nine
awardthe wholeor any part of the sumavailableif a and 57s.at the ovensfor low phosphorus sort. good,anduptill thisyearwehadthefollowingexcolent
communication is receivedwhich, in their opinion, figuresfor the first two monthsof the year: 1912,
is of suflicientoriginalityand importanceand satisfies Jilanufactured IronandS1ee1.—Transactions in finished 83,136tons; 1907,77,409tons; 1920,72,639tons;
theobjectaimedat ; or theymayawardportionsof the ironandsteelareverydifficultto arrange,pricesbeing and 1914,71,354tons. The total for the past two
fund,notexceeding in all 751.,for communications which a gooddealabove whatcustomers will pay. Quotations monthsis 10,000tonsabovethe highestof theseafore
do not completelysolvethe problem,but a pear to continueto tenddownward, but theonly actualaltera mentionedyearsand amountsto 32 vesselsof 93,431
advancethe knowledge of methodsof testing ardness.tions are in iron barsand rivets,both of which have tons. \Vhilesomecomfortisobtainedbyperusalofthese
The Institutionwill reservethe rightto publishin its beenlowered by 21.,makingthe former231. and the figuresthereremaintwo rather unsatisfactory points
Journal any communications for which a prize is latter311. in theshipbuildingindustryof thecountry,thesebeing
awarded, in caseit maywishto doso. A communication Cleveland Miners’1Vage-S.-—The representatives of the the lack of newcontractsand the ship joinom'strike.
shouldbe accompanied by scaledrawingsof anynew Clevelandironstoneminersmet the mine ownersat Orderson hand are beingrapidly workedoff, and as
apparatus described, or by a modelor anexample of the Middlesbrough this weekand agreedthat the 2s. per costsare so exceedinglyhigh shipownersfind it un
apparatusitself. If thecommunication describesa new day awardedto the menon resumptionof work after profitable to placefreshbusiness meantime.VVhencon
invention,likely to be of commercial value,it is desir thecoalstrikein November last,shouldforthwithceaseditions improvethere may be a rush of contracts.
ablethatprovisional protection shouldbeobtainedbefore to bepaid,andthatthewarwageof 3:. perdayshould but nothingof the sortis anticipatedfor sometimeto
it is submitted forconsideration. Communications should immediatelyceaseto be paid for days on which the come. The fittin out of vesselsrecentlylaunchedis
be addressedto the Secretary.the Institution of minesarelaid idle. The ownersintimatedthat notice beinggreatlyhin eredby the strikeof joiners,and if
MechanicalEn 'neers,St-orey’s Gate,St. James’Park. wouldbe givento the mento terminateon March31 a settlementcouldonly be obtainedit wouldgreatly
Westminster, ondon,S.W. l, and marked"Method nextthewarwageof 3s.pershift,the Sankeypaymentfacilitateoperationsin the yards as work on some
of determiningHardness,"and shouldreachhim by of 2-9.per shift worked,and the 20 per cent.advancevesselsnow underconstructionis beingretardedcon
December 1, 1921. (20.per shift)givenin March,1920. siderablyowingto thedelayin fittingout. -
260 ENGINEERING. [Mmzcn 4, 1921.
~— -
“
MACHINERY FOR THE TWIN-SCREW TURBINE S.S. MENDOZA.”
CONSTRUCTED BY MESSRS. SWAN, HUNTER AND WIGHAM RICHARDSON, LIMITED, ENGINEERS, NEWCASTLE-ON-TYNE.
(For Description,see Page 256.)

FIG. 34. Tunnnrxs AND OIL Cooman.

 ‘

4.
ENGINEERING, FEBRUARY 1021. PLATE V1

TWIN-SCREW TURBINE 5.5. “MENDOZA" FOR THE SOCIETE GENERALE DE TRANSPORTS

A
MARITIMES VAPEUR.

CONS'I‘RUCI‘ED'BY MESSRS. SWAN, HUNTER AND WIGHAM RICHARDSON, LIMITED, SHIPBUILDERS, NEWCASTLE-ON-TYNE.

(For Descriptionsee PaqeI36.)

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“
MACHINERY FOE TWIN-SCREW TURBINE S.S. M EN DOZA.”
CONSTRUCTEI) BY MESSRS. SWAN, HUNTER AND WIGHAM RICHARDSON, LTD., ENGINEERS, NEW(‘»AS’l'LE-ON-TYNE.
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