UTM

E-SEER
Engineering Seismology and
Earthquake Engineering
Research
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI
MALAYSIA

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Prof. Dr. Azlan Bin Adnan

Main Coordinator
Local Expert Team on Earthquake for Malaysia
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

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Ranau Earthquake, Sabah
(5th June, 2015)
Earthquake Location
 USGS Information
• 18 people killed
• Hostel and resthouse damaged seriously
• 23 schools, some buildings, mountain huts
damaged
• Water supply disrupted in the area around
Kundasang dan Ranau
• Rockfalls triggered in the mountain area
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Lessons learnt

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 Presentation Outline
ØIntroduction
ØMethodology
ØThe Results for Peninsular, Sabah and
Sarawak
ØSeismicity and Active Faults
ØPGA Maps
ØResponse Spectra
ØConclusions
 Presentation Outline
ØIntroduction
ØMethodology
ØThe Results for Peninsular, Sabah and
Sarawak
ØSeismicity and Active Faults
ØPGA Maps
ØResponse Spectra
ØConclusions
www.usgs.gov
Sabbatical (Feb-May 2016)
 Forming Study Group
qAfter the ‘National Consultation’ in August, 2016,
a Study Group called ‘PSHA Study Group’ consists
of Local Experts was established.
qThe scope of work (Sec. 2 and 3 of National
Annex).
qThe final document of the National Annex was
endorsed by the Minister of Science, Technology
and Innovation on the 23rd Nov. 2017 for
publication.
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 Local Expert Team
Final Meeting

Date: 8th May, 2017

Place: Jabatan Mineral dan Geosains (JMG, Sabah)
Coordinator Sabah : Prof Dr. Felix Tongkul (UMS)
Meeting Chairman : En. Yusop Ramli (JMG)
 Introduction to Eurocodes – Eurocode 8 : BS EN 1998

Part 1: General rules, seismic actions and rules for buildings

Part 2: Bridges
Part 3: Assessment and retrofitting of buildings
Part 4: Silos, tanks and pipelines
Part 5: Foundations, retaining structures and geotechnical aspects
Part 6: Towers, masts and chimneys
Introduction to Eurocodes – Eurocode 8 : BS EN 1998-1 & NA
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 Presentation Outline
ØIntroduction
ØMethodology
ØThe Results for Peninsular, Sabah and
Sarawak
ØSeismicity and Active Faults
ØPGA Maps
ØResponse Spectra
ØConclusions
29
 Seismic Hazard Map

Seismic hazard map in Continental Asia (with 10% probability of exceedance in 50 years) prepared by ILP (Zhang, et al., 1999).
The Interim Report
 PSHA Input
Peninsular Sabah Sarawak
Catalogue USGS, ISC, IRIS, JMM USGS, ISC, IRIS, JMM USGS, ISC, IRIS, JMM
Boundary 10S-10N 00-15N 05S-10N
90E-110E 109E-128E 105E-125E
Seismicity and 1. Bukit Tinggi 1. Ranau 1. Tubau
Active Fault 2. Kuala Pilah 2. Labuk 2. Bukit Mersing
3. Temenggor 3. Lahad Datu 3. Lupar
4. Kenyir 4. Kudat
5. Tawau
6. Kunak
Seismic Source 1. Area Source 1. Area Source 1. Line Source
2. Line Source 2. Line source 2. Background Point
3. Background Point 3. Background Point Source
Source Source
 Zone 0
qZone 0 is determined by EC8. as:
• Ag ≤ 0.04g
q Any buildings located in Zone 0, does not
need to design for seismic.
qTo be checked with Soil Factor (S)
• AgS ≤ 0.05g
 Zone 1
qZone 1 is determined by EC8 as:
• 0.04g < Ag ≤ 0.08g
qAny buildings located in Zone 1, to be
designed for Ductility Class Low (DCL) – no
special requirement for detailing
qTo be checked with Soil Factor (S)
• AgS ≤ 0.10g
Hazard Map and Design Code (UBC and EC8)
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Local Soil Effects on Ground Motions
Amplification or De-Amplification of Earthquake
Frequency Content of Motion
Increasing of Duration of Motion
Interaction of Soil Layers
Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering

2455A
Site Effects on Ground Motions
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Major Factors
Major Factors Affecting Site Response

Shear Stiffness and Damping characteristics of Soil Layers

Duration and Frequency Content of Base Motion
Generation and Dissipation of Pore Water Pressure
Topography and Horizontally of Subsurface Layers and Bedrock Surface

Factors Affecting the Characteristics of Base Motion

Source Mechanism and Propagation Path

Magnitude
Source to Site Distance
Directionality of Fault Rupture

2455A
 Presentation Outline
ØIntroduction
ØMethodology
ØThe Results for Peninsular, Sabah and
Sarawak
ØSeismicity and Active Faults
ØPGA Maps
ØResponse Spectra
ØConclusions
STUDY GROUP SEMENANJUNG
National Annex MS-EN1998
Regional Boundaries
Global Fault Zones
Local Faults
 No.1
Kuala Pilah Fault
Negeri Sembilan
(NS)
 No.2
Temengor Fault
Perak Line (PL) & Manjung
Point Sources (PP)
Temengor
Line
Source
 Manjung
Point Source
 No.3
Bukit Tinggi Fault
Pahang Area Source
(LF)
 No.4
Kenyir Fault
Terengganu Area Sources
(TE)
Trenching for Active Faults
(Jerangau, Terrengganu)
19th Oct. 2017
SEISMIC HAZARD MAP
PENINSULAR
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DESIGN RESPONSE SPECTRA
PENINSULAR
Elastic Acceleration Response Spectra
Design response spectra – EC8
Design Acceleration Response Spectra
Behavior Factor (q)
(Cl:5.2.2.2, Table 5.1)
Design response spectra - Peninsular
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Malaysia
Response Spectra of Peninsular
Malaysia
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STUDY GROUP SABAH
National Annex MS-EN1998
Prepared by: Dr.Noor Sheena Herayani Harith
 Earthquake Data & Fault identification
q Earthquake data catalog from
1900-2016
q Latitude 00 – 150
q Longitude 1090 – 1280
 Sabah Local Earthquake & Fault
q 360 shallow crustal faults
q Total Earthquake = 140
q Magnitude range, MW : 2.0 - 6.9
q Earthquake data compilation from
1900-2016
SEISMIC HAZARD MAP
SABAH
 SABAH
Seismic Hazard (500 years)
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Design response spectra - Sabah
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 STUDY GROUP SARAWAK
National Annex MS-EN1998
 Source of Earthquake Catalogue

• National Earthquake Information Centre, U.S.

Geological Survey (NEIC-USGS)
• Malaysian Meteorological Department
(MMD).
Earthquake Catalogue (1918 – 2015)
Seismic sources and Fault Lines
Sources: JMG Malaysia
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SEISMIC HAZARD MAP
SARAWAK
DESIGN RESPONSE SPECTRA
SARAWAK
Design response spectra - Sarawak
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 Presentation Outline
ØIntroduction
ØMethodology
ØThe Results for Peninsular, Sabah and
Sarawak
ØSeismicity and Active Faults
ØPGA Maps
ØResponse Spectra
ØConclusions
 Conclusions
Ø About 90% of Peninsular and Sarawak fall into zone 0 and
1, without any special requirement for steel detailing and
generally about 40% of the regions is not required to
design for seismic.
Ø The ratio of zone 0, zone 1 and zone 2 and higher, are as
follows; Peninsular (70:25:5), Sabah (30:40:30), and
Sarawak (70:20:10).
Ø The highest Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) values
covering sizeable regional areas of Peninsular, Sabah and
Sarawak are 9%g, 16.5%g, and 9.5%g, respectively
Ø Response Spectra