Legal,

Ethical, and societal issues of media and information 4. Industrial Design

• constitutes the ornamental or aesthetic aspect of an
Legal issues article
• Copyright • may consist of three-dimensional features, such as the
• Fair Use shape or surface of an article, or of two-dimensional
• Plagiarism features, such as patterns, lines or color
• Coverage: design of an object (shape or surface, patterns,
Copyright lines, or colors)
• a set of rights granted to the author or creator of a work, to • Aesthetic: exclusive only for this kind of product, no need
restrict others’ ability to copy, redistribute, and reshape the to know brand; ex: holes in crocs, handle in anello
content
• Rights are owned by the inventor/writer of the company who 5.Geographical Indication and Appellation of Origin
sponsors the creation of a particular work. • sign used on goods that have a specific geographical origin
• Commonly copyrighted works: and possess qualities, a reputation or characteristics that
o Literary works – novels, poems, plays, reference works, are essentially attributable to that place of origin
newspaper articles most commonly includes the name of the place of origin of the
o Computer programs, databases goods/products
o Films, musical compositions, and choreographies • promotes area or region where it is manufactured
o Artistic wroks such as paintings, drawings, photographs • if you see dried mangoes, you know right away it is from
and sculptures the Philippines or Cebu
o Architecture
o Advertisements, maps, and technical drawings INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW OF THE PHILIPPINES
• Republic Act 8293 – The Intellectual Property Code of 1997
Fair Use • IP rights consist of:
• limitation and the exclusive right granted by copyright law to 1. Copyright and related rights;
the author of a creative work 2. Trademarks and service marks;
• copying a portion of copyrighted material done for a restricted 3. Geographic indications
purpose which can be done without the authors’ permission. 4. Industrial Designs
• gives people a right to use copyrighted materials when the cost 5. Patents;
to the copyrighted holder is less than the social benefit of the 6. Layout-designs (Topographies) of integrated circuits;
use of the coyrighted work. and
• a user’s right 7. Protection of undisclosed information
• People may claim fair use when the four factors mentioned are
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED WORKS
considered.
1. The purpose and character of the use, whether such use is • Original Works – those that are literary or artistic in nature;
of a commercial nature or for nonprofit educational comes from creator/author himself
purpose; • Derivative works – dramatizations, translations, adaptations,
2. The nature of the copyrighted work; abridgments, arrangements, and other alterations of literary or
3. The amount and sustainability of the portion used in artistic works; alright as they still attribute it to the original
relation to the copyright work as a whole and; author
4. The effect of other use upon the potential market for value • Works “by the sole fact of their creation, irrespective of their
o the copyrighted work. ode or form of expression, as well as of their content, quality and
purpose
Plagiarism • Copyright does not cover “ideas. Procedures, methods of
• the act of taking another person’s ideas, writings, inventions, operation or mathematical concepts” because no one person or
and similar intellectual products as one’s own without the institution can claim sole ownership of these. Sufficient
knowledge, consent, and/or accreditation authorship must exist for these to be covered by copyright. Even
• copying of materials or ideas without the permission of the titles, slogans, or logos may or may not have copyright.
author and claiming it as own work.
• includes information from the web pages, songs, articles and etc WORKS NOT PROTECTED
• Not protected or covered by copyright due to insufficient
Intellectual property is protected in law authorship or due to the work being of importance to public
interest
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
• “Creation of the mind, such as inventions, literary and artistic 1. Unprotected Subject Matter
works, designs and symbols, names, and images used in • Any idea, procedure, system, method, or operation,
commerce.” concept, principle, discovery or mere data
• WIPO: the “global forum for intellectual property services, • News of the day, press information
policy, information, and cooperation.” • Any official text of a legislative, administrative or legal
nature
TYPES OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY • as long as it’s not written or tangible, it is not protected by
copyright
1. Copyright
• a legal term used to describe the rights that creators have 2. Works of the Government
over their literary and artistic works • any purpose of statutes, rules, regulations, and speeches,
• books, music, paintings, sculptures, films, computer lectures, sermons, addresses, and dissertations,
programs, databases, advertisements, maps, and technical pronounced, read, or rendered in courts of justice, before
drawings administrative agencies, in deliberative assemblies and in
meetings of public character
2. Patent • meant for the public; everyone should have access to that
• an exclusive right granted for an invention
• provides the patent owner with the right to decide how - or Fair use
whether - the invention can be used by others • Fair use means you can use copyrighted material without a
• for something MANUFACTURED license only for certain purposes.
• need to find application otherwise will be copied o Commentary