DECENTRALIZATION

VERNANCE LOCAL AND

Philippine Politics and Governance
Objectives
• Identify the different levels of the Philippine Local Government
• Explain the roles and functions of Local Government Unit
• Examine how decentralization affects governance
• Conduct an interview with barangay officials on community programs
• Evaluate the performance of a local government unit
Decentralization Push
Post-Marcos Dictatorship/ People Power Revolution Local
Autonomy
• “self-governing”
• The granting of more powers, authority, responsibilities and resources
by the national government to local government units in order to be
self-reliant and active partners

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Decentralization
• transfer of power and authority from central institution to lower or
local levels of a government system
• according to Raul P. De Guzman, generally refers to the systematic
and rational dispersal of power, authority and responsibility from
the center to the periphery, from top to lower levels, or from national
to local governments

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 3 Forms of Decentralization
DECONCENTRATION

01 transfer of power, authority or

responsibility or the discretion to
plan, decide and manage from
central to local levels;
03
administrative and sectoral

DEVOLUTION DEBUREAUCRATIZATIO
transfer of power and authority
from the national government to
local government units (LGUs);
political and territorial
02 transfer of someNpublic functions
and responsibilities, which
government may perform, to
private entities or NGOs

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 THE LOCAL
GOVERNANCE OF THE PHILIPPINES
Government
Republican form
Executive, Legislative (Bicameral), Judiciary
Local Government Units
80 PROVINCES 143 CITIES

42,028 BARANGAYS

1491 MUNICIPALITIES

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What is local government?
Local Government
• It pertains to the activity by which local officials, both elected and
appointed, implement the goals and manage the resources of the local
government unit

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 LEVELS OF THE
PHILIPPINE LOCAL GOVERNMENT
 Levels of the Philippine General supervision
Local Government PRESIDENT
OF THE PHILIPPINES
Direct relation

AUTONOMOUS
REGIONS

CITIES CITIES
PROVINCES INDEPENDENT PROVINCES INDEPENDENT
FROM A PROVINCE FROM A PROVINCE

COMPONENT COMPONENT
MUNICIPALITIES MUNICIPALITIES
CITIES CITIES

BARANGAYS BARANGAYS BARANGAYS BARANGAYS BARANGAYS BARANGAYS

Neo Philippine Empire

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Region
A sub-national administrative unit comprising of
several provinces having more or less homogenous
characteristics, such as ethnic origin of inhabitants,
dialect spoken, agricultural produce, etc.

http://nap.psa.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/articles/con_lgu
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 Province
The largest unit in the political structure of the
Philippines. It consists, in varying numbers, of
municipalities and, in some cases, of component
cities. Its functions and duties in relation to its
component cities and municipalities are generally
coordinative and supervisory.
Sanguniang Panlalawigan

http://nap.psa.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/articles/con_lgu
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City
There are three classes of cities in the
Philippines: the highly urbanized, the
independent component cities which are
independent of the province, and the
component cities which are part of the
provinces where they are located and
subject to their administrative supervision.
Sanguniang Panlungsod

http://nap.psa.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/articles/con_lgu
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 Municipality
Is a political corporate body which is
endowed with the facilities of a municipal
corporation, exercised by and through the
municipal government in conformity with
law. It is a subsidiary of the province which
consists of a number of barangays within its
territorial boundaries, one of which is the seat
of government found at the town proper
(poblacion).
Sanguniang Bayan

http://nap.psa.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/articles/con_lgu
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 Barangay
The smallest political unit into which cities and
municipalities in the Philippines are divided. It is the
basic unit of the Philippine political system. It
consists of less than 1,000 inhabitants residing
within the territorial limit of a city or municipality
and administered by a set of elective officials,
headed by a barangay chairman (punong barangay).
• Sanguniang Barangay
• Sanguniang Kabataan

http://nap.psa.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/articles/con_lgu
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Evolution of Philippine Local Government
THEN NOW

Cabeza De Barangay BARANGAY Kapitan

Alkalde CITY Alkalde

Alkalde Mayor PROVINCE Gobernador

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Criteria for Creation, Merger and Division
Of Local Government
LAND AREA POPULATION INCOME

Province 2,000km2 250,000 Php 20 million

Highly Urbanized City 100km2 200,000 Php 50 million

Independent City 100km2 150,000 Php 100 million

Component City 100km2 150,000 Php 100 million

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 ROLES AND FUNCTIONS
OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNIT
Aims of the Local Government Code 1991
Purpose: transform LGUs into self-reliant
communities and active partners in nation
building by giving them more powers, authority,
responsibilities and resources
• Hopes to achieve economic development at the (RA 7160)
regional and local levels by giving LCE more
freedom in carrying out their programs that are
suitable in their areas

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Devolved functions to LGUs
Agricultural extension Community based forestry Field health and hospital services

Public works School building program Social welfare services

Tourism Telecommunications Housing

Others like investment support

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 SOME EFFECT OF
DECENTRALIZATION IN GOVERNANCE
Effect of Decentralization in Governance
• Improved delivery of basic services such as providing medicines,
equipments and other essential supplies in government hospitals
• The people will be closer to government
• Improved receptiveness of the government to the people’s needs

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THANKS FOR
LISTENING
PHILIPPINE POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE

presented by

WALTER JANJAN
COLEGA FERRERA
XII-GAS
XII-GAS

EMPEE VALERIE CARL VINCENT

MARTINEZ VILLACILLO
XII-GAS
XII-HUMSS