Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
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INTRODUCTION
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The OrganizationalDescriptionQuestionnaire(ODQ) is a 28
itemsurvey thatcanbe completed
questionnaire byall or a sample
ofmembers ofan organization.Fourteenitemsdeal withtransac-
tionalelementsin theculture's
assumptions,processesandexpecta-
tions.Forexample:
-everyone witheveryone
bargains elseforresources,
rules
-specific affordlittle fordiscretionary
opportunity behavior,
-yougetwhat youdeserve - no no
more, less.
Fourteenitemsdeal withtransformational
elementsof culture.
Forexample:
-peoplego outoftheirwayforthegoodoftheinstitution,
-webelieveintrustingeachothertodo theright
thing,
initiation
-individual is encouraged.
as wellas itmightwiththeresources
andopportunitiesitpossesses.
Littlechangeis expectedas theorganization puttersalong.This
patternmayrepresent thatis simply
an organization its
maintaining
currentposition.
to moderatecontractualorganizationalcultures
Predominantly
arecharacterizedas highly inorientation
transactional andlackingin
muchtransformational Self-interest
leadership. is moreimportant
thantheinterest ofthegroup.Each personwatchesoutforhis/her
and short-term
self-interests goalsprevail.Thereis muchattention
to controls,directions, and standardoperatingprocedures.The
organization tendstobe an internal
market wheremuchis negotiat-
ed according tothe"rulesofthegame."The organization'sstructure
is likely
tobe stable,centralized, andtallwitha cleartop-down
tight,
chain of command.Employeeshave littlediscretionand are
watched, andcontrolled.
driven, The organization
tendsto be rigid
andmechanistic.
SUMMARY
The purpose of the authorswas to provide a frameworkfor
examiningorganizationalcultureswhichparallels the factorsthey
associatewitha broad rangeof leadershipbehaviors,e.g.,transfor-
mationalthroughtransactional and, to some extent,non-leadership.
Their measure to describe organizationalcultureprovidesan as-
sessmenttool fordeterminingan agency'sculturein termsof the
leadershipand itseffects
foundwithintheculture.
Currently,data are beingcollectedusingthe ODQ witha broad
array of communityorganizations to examine the connections
betweenleadership,organizational culture,and performance.Based
on priorresearch,the authorsexpect the more transformational
culturesto providethecontextformoreeffective organizationaland
individualperformance.
REFERENCES
Avolio, Bruce J.,David A. Waldman,and FrancisJ. Yammarino(1991). "The Four
I's of Transformational Leadership."JOURNAL OF EUROPEAN INDUSTRI-
AL TRAINING 15(4):9-16.
Bass, BernardM. (1991). STOGDILL AND BASS HANDBOOK OF LEADER-
SHIP. New York: Free Press.
(1985). LEADERSHIP AND PERFORMANCE BEYOND EXPECTA-
TION. New York: Free Press.
Gardner,John(1990). ON LEADERSHIP. New York: Free Press.