HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

CHAPTER 1

1. INTRODUCTION OF HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM:-

The project hospital management system includes registration of patients, storing their details
into the system, and also computerized billing in the pharmacy, and labs. The software has the
facility to give a unique id for every patient and stores the details of every patient and the staff
automatically. It includes a search facility to know the current status of each room. User can
search availability of a doctor and details of a patient using the id. The Hospital management
system can be entered using a username and password. It is accessible either by an administrator
or receptionist. Only they can add into databases. The data can retrieved easily. The interface is
very user-friendly. The data are well protected for personal use and makes the data processing
very fast.The purposes of the project entitled as “HOSPITAL MANAGEMNET SYSTEM “ is
to computerized the front office management of hospital to develop software which is user
friendly, simple, fast, and cost-effective.it deals with the collection of patient’s information
etc.Traditionally, is was done manually. The main function of the system is to register and store
patient details and when required, and also to manipulates these details meaningfully system
input contains patients details, diagnosis details; while system output is to get these details on to
the CRT screen.

1.1 Purpose

 The Software is for the automation of Hospital Management.

 It maintains two levels of users:-
Administrator Level
User Level
 The Software includes:
Maintaining Patient details.
Providing Prescription, Precautions and Diet advice

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1.2 Scope

It can be used in any Hospital, Clinic, Dispensary or Pathology labs for maintaining patient
details and their test results.

1.3 Overview:-

Project is related to Hospital Management System. The project maintains two levels of users:-

 Administrator Level-Doctor
 User Level-Data Entry Operator
Main facilities available in this project are:-

 Maintaining records of indoor/outdoor patients.

 Maintaining patients diagnosis details, advised tests to be done.
 Providing different test facilities to a doctor for diagnosis of patients.
X-Ray, Urine Test Stool Test, Sonography Test, Gastro copy Test, Colonoscopy Test,
Blood Test, Biochemistry Test

 Maintaining patient’s injection entry records.

 patient’s prescription, medicine and diet advice details.
 Providing billing details for indoor/outdoor patients.
 Maintaining backup of data as per user requirements (between mentioned dates).
If user forgets his/her password then it can be retrieved by hint question.
In this project collection of data is from different pathology labs.Results of tests, prescription,
precautions and diet advice will be automatically updated in the database.Related test reports,
patient details report, prescription and billing reports can be generated as per user
requirements.User or Administrator can search a patient’s record by his/her name or their
registration date.Patient’s diet advice can be provided in Hindi

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1.4 OPERATING SYSTEM:-

The operating system is the part of a software system that operate the system completely. All the
file management, memory management, process management, security and all the others features
of an operating system.

Introduction of Window 10 Operating System:-is a personal computer operating

system developed and released by Microsoft as part of the Windows NT family of operating
systems. It was officially unveiled in September 2014 following a brief demo at Build 2014. The
first version of the operating system entered a public beta testing process in October, leading up
to its consumer release on July 29, 2015.Windows 10 introduces what Microsoft described as
"universal apps"; expanding on Metro-style apps, these apps can be designed to run across
multiple Microsoft product families with nearly identical code—including PCs, tablets,
smartphones, embedded systems, Xbox One, Surface Hub and Windows Holographic. The
Windows user interface was revised to handle transitions between a mouse-oriented interface and
a touchscreen-optimized interface based on available input devices—particularly on 2-in-1 PCs;
both interfaces include an updated Start menu which incorporates elements of Windows 7's
traditional Start menu with the tiles of Windows 8. The first release of Windows 10 also
introduces a virtual desktop system, a window and desktop management feature called Task
View, the Microsoft Edgeweb browser, support for fingerprint and face recognition login, new
security features for enterprise environments, and DirectX 12 and WDDM 2.0 to improve the
operating system's graphics capabilities for games.

1.5 ABOUT JAVA

1) INTRODUCTION

The Creation of Java:-Java was conceived by James Gosling, Patrick Naught on, Chris Wrath,
Ed Frank, and Mike Sheridan at Sun Microsystems, Inc. in 1991. It took 18 months to develop
the first working version. This language was initially called Oak but was renamed Java in 1995.
Between the initial implementation of Oak in the fall of 1992 and the public announcement of
Java in the spring of 1995, many more people contributed to the design and evolution of the

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language. Bill Joy, Arthur van Hoff, Jonathan Payne, Frank Yell in, and Tim Lindholm were key
contributors to the maturing of the original prototype. Somewhat surprisingly, the original
impetus for Java was not the Internet! Instead, the primary motivation was the need for a
platform-independent (that is, architecture neutral) language that could be used to create software
to be embedded in various consumer electronic devices, such as microwave ovens and remote
controls. As you can probably guess, many different types of CPUs are used as controllers. The
trouble with C and C++ (and most other languages) is that they are designed to be compiled for a
specific target. Although it is possible to compile a C++ program for just about any type of CPU,
to do so requires a full C++ compiler targeted for that CPU. The problem is that compilers are
expensive and time-consuming to create. An easier and more cost-efficient solution was needed.
In an attempt to find such a solution, Gosling and others began work on a portable, platform-
independent language that could be used to produce code that would run on a variety of CPUs
under differing environments. This effort ultimately led to the creation of Java.

What is JVM?

At the heart of Java's network-orientation is the Java virtual machine, which supports all three
prongs of Java's network-oriented architecture: platform independence, security, and network-
mobility. A Java virtual machine's main job is to load class files and execute the byte codes they
contain. The Java virtual machine contains a class loader, which loads class files from both the
program and the Java API. Only those class files from the Java API that are actually needed by a
running program are loaded into the virtual machine. The byte codes are executed in an
execution engine

What is JDK?

JDK stands for JAVA DEVELOPMENT KIT that contains the software and tools needed to
compile, debug and execute source code and applications. Basically JDK is a set of command
line tools. JDK is freely available at Sun’s Official website.

There are three major releases of JDK that are:

 Java 1.0 – first release

 Java 1.8 – latest re

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 Write powerful and efficient applications for mobile phones, remote processors, and low-
cost
2) PRINCIPLES OF JAVA:-There were five primary goals in creation of java language:

 It should be “simple and Object - Oriented”.

 It should be “robust and secure”.
 It should be “architecture neutral and portable”.
 It should execute with “High Performance”.
 It should be “interpreted, threaded and dynamically”.

3) Architecture of JAVA:
Java's architecture arises out of four distinct but interrelated technologies:

 The Java programming language.

 The Java class file format.
 The Java Application Programming Interface

When you write and run a Java program, you are tapping the power of these four technologies.
You express the program in source files written in the Java programming language, compile the
source to Java class files, and run the class files on a Java virtual machine. When you write your
program, you access system resources (such as I/O, for example) by calling methods in the
classes that implement the Java Application Programming Interface, or Java API. As your
program runs, it fulfills your program's Java API calls by invoking methods in class files that
implement the Java API.

4) FEATURES OF JAVA

Java Buzzwords
No discussion of the genesis of Java is complete without a look at the Java buzzwords. Although
the fundamental forces that necessitated the invention of Java are portability and security, other
factors also played an important role in molding the final form of the language. The key
considerations were summed up by the Java team in the following list of buzzwords:-
 Multithreaded

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 Simple
 Secure
 Robust
 Dynamic
 Architectural-Neutral
 Object-Oriented
 Portable
 Distributed
 High Performance
 Automatic garbage collection
5) SYNTAX:-

The syntax of Java is largely derived from C++. Unlike C++, which combines the syntax for
structured, generic, and object-oriented programming, Java was built almost exclusively as an
object oriented language. All code is written inside a class and everything is an object, with the
exception of the intrinsic data types (ordinal and real numbers, Boolean values, and characters),
which are not classes for performance reasons.Java suppresses several features (such as operator
overloading and multiple inheritance) for classes in order to simplify the language and to prevent
possible errors and anti-pattern design.Java uses the same commenting methods as C++. There
are two different styles of comment: a single line style marked with two forward slashes, and a
multiple line style opened with a forward slash asterisk (/*) and closed with an asterisk forward
slash (*/).

Example:

//This is an example of a single line comment using two forward slashes

/* this is an example of a multiple line comment using the forward slash and asterisk. This type
of comment can be used to hold a lot of information but it is very important to remember to close
the comment. */

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6) EXAMPLES:-

Hello world

The traditional Hello world program can be written in Java as:

/*

* Outputs "Hello, world!" and then exits

*/

Public class Hello World {

Public static void main (String [] args) {

System.out.println ("Hello, world!"); } }

Source files must be named after the public class they contain, appending the suffix .java, for
example, HelloWorld.java.It must first be compiled into byte code, using a Java compiler,
producing a file named HelloWorld.class. Only then can it be executed, or 'launched'. The java
source file may only contain one public class but can contain multiple classes with less than
public access and any number of public inner classes. A class that is declared private may be
stored in any .java file. The compiler will generate a class file for each class defined in the source
file. The name of the class file is the name of the class, with .class appended. For class file
generation, anonymous classes are treated as if their name was the concatenation of the name of
their enclosing class, a $, and an integer. The keyword public denotes that a method can be called
from code in other classes, or that a class may be used by classes outside the class hierarchy.The
class hierarchy is related to the name of the directory in which the .java file is. The keyword
static in front of a method indicates a static method, which is associated only with the class and
not with any specific instance of that class. Only static methods can be invoked without a
reference to an object. Static methods cannot access any method variables that are not static. The
keyword void indicates that the main method does not return any value to the caller. If a Java
program is to exit with an error code, it must call System. exit() explicitly. The method name
"main" is not a keyword in the Java language. It is simply the name of the method the Java
launcher calls to pass control to the program. Java classes that run in managed environments
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such as applets and Enterprise Java Bean do not use or need a main() method. A java program
may contain multiple classes that have main methods, which means that the VM needs to be
explicitly told which class to launch from. The main method must accept an array of String
objects. By convention, it is referenced as args although any other legal identifier name can be
used. Since Java 5, the main method can also use variable arguments, in the form of public static
void main(String... args), allowing the main method to be invoked with an arbitrary number of
String arguments.

The effect of this alternate declaration is semantically identical (the args parameter is still an
array of String objects), but allows an alternate syntax for creating and passing the array. The
Java launcher launches Java by loading a given class (specified on the command line or as an
attribute in a JAR) and starting its public static void main(String[]) method.

Stand-alone programs must declare this method explicitly. The String[] args parameter is an
array of String objects containing any arguments passed to the class. The parameters to main are
often passed by means of a command line. Printing is part of a Java standard library: The System
class defines a public static field called out. The out object is an instance of the PrintStream class
and provides many methods for printing data to standard out, including println(String) which
also appends a new line to the passed string.

NETBEANS IDE 7.4

Figure 3.5.1

7) INTRODUCTION MYSQL: -

MYSQL is the most popular open source

relational SQL Database Management System. MYSQL is one of the best RDBMS being used

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for developing various Web- based software applications. MYSQL is Developed, marked and
supported by MYSQL AB, Which is a Swedish company.

8) DATABASE:-Database is a organized collection or data it is a collection of scheme,

topics, queries, reports, view and other objects. Each database has one or more distinct APIs for
creating, accessing, managing, searching, and replicating the data it holds

RDMS Terminology:

 Database:- a database is a collection of tables with related data.

 Table:- a table is a matrix with data.
 Column:- one column contains data of one and the same kind, for example the column
postcode.
 Row:- A row is a group of related data, for example the data of one subscription
 Redundancy:-Storing data twice, redundantly to make the system faster.
 Primary Key:- A primary key is unique.
 Foreign key:- Aforeign key is the linking pin between two tables.
 Index:- An index in a database resembles an index at the back of a book.

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CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF LITRETURE ON HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

2.1 INTRODUCTION:-

Human Body is a very complex and sophisticated structure and comprises of millions of
functions. All these complicated functions have been understood by man him, part-by-part their
research and experiments. As science and technology progressed, medicine became an integral
part of the research. Gradually, medical science became an entirely new branch of science. As of
today, the Health Sector comprises of Medical institutions i.e. Hospitals, HOSPITALs etc.
research and development institutions and medical colleges. Thus the Health sector aims at
providing the best medical facilities to the common man.

Medical Institutions in India

Still being a developing nation India has seen a tremendous growth of the Health sector in the
field of research as well as in the field of development of numerous large and small scale
Hospital institutions still lacking in inter-structure facilities. Government of India has still aimed
at providing medical facilities by establishing hospital. The basic working of various hospitals in
India is still on paper as compared to hospitals in European countries where computers have been
put in to assist the hospital personals their work. The concept of automation of the administration
and management of hospital is now being implemented in India also, with large hospitals like
APPOLO and AIIMS in Delhi, ESCORTS in Chennai, having automated their existing system.
Our project is based on the above concept i.e. automation of Administration and Management of
Hospital. The project has been developed keeping in-view the following aspects: -
 Working environment of the Hospital.
 The thought-process and attitude of Indian people.
 The literacy rate of India.
 The Existing system, being used in the majority of Hospitals.

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2.2 DEFINITION OF PROBLEM:-

Since HOSPITAL is associated with the lives of common people and their day-to-day routines so
I decided to work on this project.The manual handling of the record is time consuming and
highly prone to error. The purpose of this project is to automate or make online, the process of
day-to-day activities like Room activities, Admission of New Patient, Discharge of Patient,
Assign a Doctor, and finally compute the bill etc.

2.3 BACKGROUND

A Hospital is a place where Patients come up for general diseases. Hospitals provide
facilities like:-

 Consultation by Doctors on Diseases.

 Diagnosis for diseases.
 Providing treatment facility.
 Facility for admitting Patients (providing beds, nursing, medicines etc.)
Immunization for Patients/Children.

VARIOUS OPERATIONAL WORKS THAT ARE DONE IN A HOSPITAL

ARE:-

 Recording information about the Patients that come.

Generating bills.
 Recording information related to diagnosis given to
Patients.
 Keeping record of the Immunization provided to
children/patients.
 Keeping information about various diseases and medicines available to cure them.
These are the various jobs that need to be done in a Hospital by the operational

staff and Doctors. All these works are done on papers.

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The work is done as follows:-

 Information about Patients is done by just writing the Patients name, age and gender.
Whenever the Patient comes up his information is stored freshly.
 Bills are generated by recording price for each facility provided to Patient on a
separate sheet and at last they all are summed up.
 Diagnosis information to patients is generally recorded on the document, which
contains Patient information. It is destroyed after some time period to decrease the
paper load in the office.
 Immunization records of children are maintained in pre-formatted sheets, which are kept
in a file.
 Information about various diseases is not kept as any document. Doctors
themselves do this job by remembering various medicines.

All this work is done manually by the receptionist and other operational staff and lot of papers
are needed to be handled and taken care of. Doctors have to remember various medicines
available for diagnosis and sometimes miss better alternatives as they can’t remember them at
that time.

FEATURE OF HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM:-

The hospital management system should be a complete ERP solution for hospital, one point
platform that connects all the departments of a hospital organization namely administration,
accounts, stores, wards, human resources and patient service oriented departments(labs, etc)

FEATURES OF THE DIFFERENT MODULES OF HIS:-

 Security
 Patient Registration and Scheduling
 Patient Admission and Discharge (inpatient)
 Order Entry
 Laboratory information System
 Medical Record

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CHAPTER 3

3. OBJECTIVE& MOTHODLOGY:-

3.1 INTRODUCTION OF OBJECTIVES:-

Hospital are the essential part of our lives, providing best medical facilities to people suffering
from various ailments, which may be due to change in climatic conditions, increased work-load,
emotional trauma stress etc. It is necessary for the hospitals to keep track of its day-to-day
activities & records of its patients, doctors, nurses, ward boys and other staff personals that keep
the hospital running smoothly & successfully.
But keeping track of all the activities and their records on paper is very cumbersome and error
prone. It also is very inefficient and a time-consuming process Observing the continuous increase
in population and number of people visiting the hospital. Recording and maintaining all these
records is highly unreliable, inefficient and error-prone. It is also not economically & technically
feasible to maintain these records on paper.
 When a patient comes for treatment and is admitted to the hospital his card should be
filled and all jobs to be done should get listed.
 If the medical store issues medicines to patient.
 It should be able to handle the test reports of patients conducted in the pathology lab of
the hospital.
 The record and feel details of external doctors should be maintained separately with the
internal doctor’s record.
 Since the test results, treatment results and accounting information are crucial to the
hospital there must be a good security mechanism in the software.
 When admitting a new patient room allocation availability check for same should be done
by the system.
 Register the patient with unique id so that, next time, we can fetch the details and easily
start the course where we left. It also helps to doctors to determine the level of problem.
 Unique id of doctor help patient to distinguish their departments.
 Doctor can easily transfer the care, another doctor can also easily watch the report.

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 Sometime patients forget their old bills at home but that new system will remove; this
culture patient will not have to will carry any bill.
 Many times patients have to wait for some hour. This proposed system will gives the
message to patients for their appointments.
 Sometime one test held at one place, another test on another, their payments have to
made another place, this makes difficult to patients but our proposed system will remove.

3.2 SYSTEM ANALYSIS DESIGN:-

The purpose of design phase is to plan a solution for problem specified by the requirement.
System design aims to identify the module that should be in the system, the specification of those
modules and how they interact with each other to produce the result.

APPLICABLE DOCUMENT:-

As the project is user friendly, it can be applied to large database with more information .this
software can be used by hospital managements to make the work simple.

FUNCTIONAL COMPONENTS AND ASSUMPTIONS:-

 Administration module
 Inpatient module
 Outpatient module
 Lab module
 Billing module

METHODLOGY OF THE PROJECT:-

 Administration module
 Inpatient module
 Outpatient module
 Lab module
 Billing module

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3.3 MODULES

Administration module:-

Administration can view all the details of the hospital record. I will complete this module in
fifteen days.

Inpatient module:-

This module is used to store details of patients who are admitted. I will complete this module in
fifteen days.

Outpatient module:-

The outpatient module contains details of the patient who are come for check-ups. I will
complete this module in ten days.

Lab module:-

Lab module is used to generate laboratory reports. I will complete this module in fifteen days.

Billing module:-

Billing module is used to calculate the bill of the patient. I will complete this module in twenty
days.

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3.4 DATA FLOW DIAGRAM:-

CONTEXT FLOW DIAGRAM:-

Medical
Patient
Advice
Appointment

HOSPITAL
MANAGEMEN PG
T SYSTEM Programmer

Patient Carrier &

Status Job
Bill Payment Hospital

Fig: 3.4.1

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 HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

DFD FOR LOGIN OF USER:-

Read User Id
& Password Data Base
User

Authenticate
User & Login

Output

Fig: 3.4.2

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 HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

DFD FOR MEDICAL ADVICE:-

1. Read the
2. Search for
Data from
Patient disease from
patient
Knowledge

3. Copy
Selected
Record Database

Output Unit

Fig: 3.4.3

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 HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

DFD FOR PATIENT APPOINTMENT:-

1. Read 2. Search
patient from Doctor
USER
request Data base

3. Give the
Time and No.
Database

Output UNIT

Fig :3.4.4

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 HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

DFD FOR PATIENT SEARCH:-

Patient 1. Read the

Data from
patient

2. Search the
patient in Database
patient-ID

3. Copy
Selected
Output Unit
Record

Fig: 3.4.5

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 HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

DFD FOR PAYMENT BILLING:-

DATABASE

1. Read the
Patient
Accountant Data

2. Generate
the bill

Print Bill

Output Patient
Device

Fig: 3.4.6

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DFD FOR SEARCHING DOCTORS:-

Read the
Database
User Data of Doctor &
Specialization

Doctor’s

With Specialties

CRT

Fig: 3.4.7

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3.5 DATA MODELING:

Users table

Field Type Constraint

Name Char (30) Not Null

Empty Id Char (30) Primary Key

Email Id Char (30) Not Null

Password Char (30) Not Null

Table no: 3.5.1

Admin

Field Type Constraint

Username Char (30) Not Null

Password Char (30) Not Null

Table no: 3.5.2

Patient table

Field Type Constraint

Card no Char (30) Primary key

Name Char (30) Not Null

Gender Char (30) Not Null

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 HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Age Numeric Not Null

Address Char (60) Not Null

Phone Numeric Not null

Relative name Char (30) Not null

Relative address Char(60) Not null

Department Char (60) Not Null

Doctor name Char (30) Not null

Table no: 3.5.3

Doctor Master

Field Type Constraint

Dr code Char (30) Not null

DR name Char (30) Not null

Gender Char (30) Not null

Date of birth Date Not null

Address Char (30) Not null

Date of join Date Not null

Designation Not null

Table no: 3.5.4

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3.6 HARDWARE/SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

Hardware: Hardware is the physical part of the computer system like mouse, keyboard, mouse
etc.

OS : Windows 10

Hard disk : 1TB

Ram : 8GB

Processor : intelCOREi3

Software: Software is a set of applications which is used to run the operating system.
The software requirements to successfully run all the program are:

LANGUAGE : JAVA

IDE : NET BEANS 7.4

DATABASE : MYSQL

3.7 TOOLS/ PLATFORM USED

Languages : Java
Front End : java
Back End : MYSQL, Database
IDE : NETBEANS IDE 7.4

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CHAPTER 4
CONCLUSION

This project has been a rewarding experience in more than one way. The entire project work
has enlightened us in the following areas.

 We have gained an insight into the working of the HOSPITAL. This represents a typical
real world situation.
 Our understanding of database design has been strengthened this is because in order to
generate the final reports of database designing has to be properly followed.
 Scheduling a project and adhering to that schedule creates a strong sense of time
management.
 Sense of teamwork has developed and confidence of handling real life project has
increased to a great extent.
 Initially, there were problem with the validation but with discussions, we were to
implement validations.

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REFERENCES

1) www.google.com

2) www.htmlcodetutorial.com

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