Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Recall from calculus that the first derivative is the slope of the curve.
The value of y' above is linear, thus the grade diagram (slope diagram) for a summit curve is
downward and linear as shown in the figure below. The second derivative is obviously constant
which is interpreted as rate of change of slope. This characteristic made the parabola the
desirable curve because it offers constant rate of change of slope.
Solution
Problem 02 - Symmetrical Parabolic Curve
Problem
A descending grade of 6% and an ascending grade of 2% intersect at Sta 12 + 200 km
whose elevation is at 14.375 m. The two grades are to be connected by a parabolic curve,
160 m long. Find the elevation of the first quarter point on the curve.
A. 16.082 m
B. 15.575 m
C. 17.175 m
D. 13.936 m
Solution
Problem 03 - Symmetrical Parabolic Curve
Problem
A grade line AB having a slope of +5% intersect another grade line BC having a slope of
–3% at B. The elevations of points A, B and C are 95 m, 100 m and 97 m respectively.
Determine the elevation of the summit of the 100 m parabolic vertical curve to connect
the grade lines.
A. 98.32 m
B. 99.06 m
C. 97.32 m
D. 96.86 m
Solution
Problem 04 - Symmetrical Parabolic Curve
Problem
A highway engineer must stake a symmetrical vertical curve where an entering grade of
+0.80% meets an existing grade of -0.40% at station 10 + 100 which has an elevation of
140.36 m. If the maximum allowable change in grade per 20 m station is -0.20%, what
is the length of the vertical curve?
A. 150 m
B. 130 m
C. 120 m
D. 140 m
Solution
Problems
A compound curve has the following characteristics:
I1 = 24° D1 = 6°
I2 = 36° D2 = 4°
B. km 10 + 540 D. km 10 + 500
Surveying and Transportation Engineering
Fundamentals of Surveying
Tape Measurements
Leveling
Angles and Directions
Transits and Theodolites
Traverse
Highway Curves
Topographic Surveys
Control Surveys
Construction Surveys
Hydrographic Surveys
Land Surveys
Photogrammetry
Stadia Measurement