Macromolecule Notes – Unit 2

Essential
Questions 1) Why isn’t nucleic acid found in food?
Substances of Life:
- _________________ _________________: (aka macromolecules)
o Compounds that contain _______________ and are derived from living things

What are cells made up of?

 70% Water, 30% Macromolecules

What are macromolecules?

 Macro= _________________.
 Macro + molecule =_____________________________.
 Macromolecules are _________________________________ molecules.
THINK!
What does it mean to be ORGANIC?

What do macromolecules look like?

 Made up of smaller “building blocks” called __________________________ (mono= _____).
o Kind of like _________________________________________________.

 ______________ - single molecules; made when ____________ molecules are broken down
through _______________ (the addition of water to split molecules)

 ______________ - many molecules joined ________________; made when ____________

are joined through dehydration synthesis

Four Major Macromolecules:

1. _______________________________
2. _______________________________
3. _______________________________
4. _______________________________
2. Lipids:
o Organic compounds that ________________________________________________________
(won’t dissolve in water)
o Include: _________, _________, __________, and _______________
o Made up of the elements: __________________________________________
o 3 Types of Lipids:
o _______________________
o _______________________
o Polyunsaturated__________
o Functions of Lipids:
1. _____________________ - keeps living things from losing heat, also
____________________________ (waxes)

2. ___________-Term, Sustained ____________ - it takes more time to break

down fats, but you get ___________ energy out of the molecule

3. ____________________ - some lipids are involved in metabolic process (ex. Bile)

4. Lipids make up the __________ _________________. They are non-polar… so the

cells CANNOT dissolve in water.

o Structure of Lipids:
o Monomers - ___________ _____________; example – Glycerol
o Polymers:
 Triglycerides – fats and oils that supply energy
 Phospholipids – make up cell membranes
3. Nucleic Acids:
o Made up of the elements: _________________________________________
o Structure:
o the monomers are __________________________________

o the polymers assemble from the individual monomers, known as nucleotides

o Function - ___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
4. Proteins:
o The most _________________ of all the macromolecules….
Because they are the BUILDING BLOCKS OF OUR CELLS!
o ________________ of molecules called __________ ____________:

o Made up of the elements: ___________________________________

o Polymers = ____________________
o Monomers = _____________________
o There are only _______ amino acids!
o Functions of Proteins:
o Structure, metabolism, _____________________, signaling, _________________,
defense
o ________ tells the cell what proteins to make
o ___________________: these proteins build organisms (the hair, skin, nails, etc.)
o Regulators – proteins, such as ______________, regulate ________________
functions
o ________________: carry important molecules throughout the organism
o ENZYMES:
 _______________________________________________________
 Act as a __________________, which ________________ biochemical reactions
and ______________ activation energy
 Each enzyme has a very specific shape and only works for particular reactions
o Examples:
o __________________________________
o __________________________________
o __________________________________
o __________________________________
ENZYMES & CATALYSTS:

____________________ - substance that SPEEDS UP a chemical reaction; LOWERS a reaction’s

activation energy

PROTEINS that act as ____________________ to speed up chemical reactions are

known as ___________________.

Lock and Key Model:

__________________: molecule that acts with

the enzyme
__________________: where the enzyme and
substrate bond