Some clinicians enthusiastically adhere to the theory in periodontal

disease that assigns a key role to nutritional deficiencies and imbalances.

Previous research did not support this view, but numerous

problems in experimental design and data interpretation could be

responsible for making these research findings inadequate.5,212 The

majority of opinions and research findings regarding the effects of

nutrition on oral and periodontal tissues point to the following:

1. There are no nutritional deficiencies that by themselves can

cause gingivitis or periodontitis. However, nutritional deficiencies

can affect the condition of the periodontium and thereby

may accentuate the deleterious effects of plaque-induced inflammation

in susceptible individuals. Theoretically, one may

presume that an individual with a nutritional deficiency is less

able to defend against a bacterial challenge as compared with a

nutritionally competent individual.

2. There are nutritional deficiencies that produce changes in the

oral cavity. These changes include alterations of the tissues of

the lips, oral mucosa, gingiva, and bone. These alterations are

considered to be the periodontal and oral manifestations of

nutritional disease.
The role of nutrition in periodontal disease may be related to
the effect of nutrition on inflammation. A recent review of the literature
evaluating the effect of nutritional factors on inflammation
demonstrated that subtle shifts in nutritional status are associated
with the prevalence of periodontitis.45 More specifically, they
reported that the results of contemporary animal and human studies
have demonstrated the role of specific micronutrients in the modulation
of the host’s inflammatory response by reducing inflammatory
biomarkers, which may in turn be responsible for periodontal
destruction. The evidence for the effect of nutrition on inflammation
is significant. Data suggest that diets that contain foods rich
in antioxidants are beneficial, whereas foods that contain high
levels of refined carbohydrates are detrimental to the inflammatory
process.45 See the online material for a review of the existing
knowledge of the effects of vitamin and protein deficiencies on
changes in the periodontium.
Peran nutrisi terhadap kesehatan jaringan periodontal ada hubungannya dengan inflamasi.
Beberapa literatur terbaru yang mengevaluasi efek nutrisi terhadap inflamasi menggambarkan
bahwa status nutrisi seseorang dihubungkan dengan terjadinya periodontitis. Lebih khusus lagi
dilaporkan bahwa peran mikronutrien terhadap respon modulasi host yaitu dengan cara
mengurangi biomarker inflamasi yang bertanggung jawab terhadap terjadinya kerusakan jaringan
periodontal. Beberapa bukti menunjukkan bahwa mengkonsumsi makanan yang mengandung
antioksidan tinggi adalah sangat menguntungkan dimana makanan yang mengandung
karbohidrat tinggi akan mengganggu proses inflamasi.