Performance Chemicals

Adding value to detergents and formulators

Lutensol® XL and Lutensol® XP

New Guerbet alcohol-based surfactants as
effective alternatives to APEO & C9C11 ethoxylates
in a wide range of applications

Roland Böhn / BASF AG

British Association for Chemical Specialities

SPECIALITY SURFACTANTS GROUP MEETING

Thursday 11 March 2004
 Performance Chemicals
Adding value for the detergent and formulating industries

Marcel Guerbet a French chemist

Guerbet reaction
Condensation of one or two
alcohols at high temperature and
pressure under alkaline
conditions

Development of Lutensol® XL
and Lutensol® XP based on
C10 Guerbet alcohol type by
BASF

Dr. Roland Böhn / BASF AG

 Performance Chemicals
Adding value for the detergent and formulating industries
Product Range Lutensol® XP and Lutensol® XL :
Lutensol® XP 30-140
Ethoxylates based on C10
Guerbet alcohol
3 to 14 EO
Readily biodegradable, not
aquatoxic (EC50: 10 - 100 mg/l)
Dr. Roland Böhn / BASF AG
Lutensol® XL 40-140
Lutensol® ES 94017-94019
Alkoxylates based on C10
Guerbet alcohol
4 to 14 EO (broad range)
+ 4 to 6 EO (narrow range)
Low residual alcohol content
Readily biodegradable, not
aquatoxic (EC50: 10 - 100 mg/l)
 Performance Chemicals
Adding value for the detergent and formulating industries

Residual alcohol
25
Lutensol® XL 40 - XL 140
20 Lutensol® XP 30 - XP 140
residual alcohol in %

C9C11 ethoxylates
15 APEO

ES 94017
10 ES 94018
ES 94019
5
approx. 1% residual alcohol
0
2 4 6 8 10 12 14
EO content in mol

Guerbet alcohol ethoxylates have a lower odour than C9C11 ethoxylates

Further reduced odour by lower residual alcohol content in
Lutensol® XL products
Dr. Roland Böhn / BASF AG
 Performance Chemicals
Adding value for the detergent and formulating industries

Lutensol® XP and Lutensol® XL as alternatives to

APEO & C9C11 ethoxylates in various applications
Effect Time scale Typical application

Wetting ms..s Fibre manufacturing in textile industry

Dynamic surface tension µs Spraying processes

Spreading on a surface ms..s Cleaning processes, metal working

Soil removal ms .. s Cleaning processes

Emulsification µs .. s Emulsification of oil, soil etc.

Dr. Roland Böhn / BASF AG

 Performance Chemicals
Adding value for the detergent and formulating industries

Wetting
Wetting on cotton (EN 1772: 23°C, 1g/l )

200
Lutensol® XL 40 - 140
180
Lutensol® XP 30 - 140
160
C9C11 ethoxylates
140 APEO
wetting time in s

120

100

80

60

40

20

0
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
EO content in mol

Dr. Roland Böhn / BASF AG

 Performance Chemicals
Adding value for the detergent and formulating industries

Improvement of wetting processes

Higher speed due to better wetting
Fibre manufacturing in textile industry

Dr. Roland Böhn / BASF AG

 Performance Chemicals
Adding value for the detergent and formulating industries

Dynamic surface tension

Time-resolved measurement of dynamic surface tension

l pressure modulation is a function of the

flow rate
l surface tension can be calculated from this
modulation

Dr. Roland Böhn / BASF AG

 Performance Chemicals
Adding value for the detergent and formulating industries

Dynamic surface tension (23°C, 1g/l)

80
Lutensol® XL 80
surface tension in mN/m

70 Lutensol® XP 80
C9C11 + 8 EO
60 AP 8

50

40

30

20
0,001 0,01 0,1 1 10
bubble lifetime in s

Dr. Roland Böhn / BASF AG

 Performance Chemicals
Adding value for the detergent and formulating industries

Quality improvement in spraying processes

Reduced droplet size due to higher dynamic surfactants

Small droplets are formed directly behind the nozzle

àLarge surface

standard surfactant dynamic surfactant

à droplet coalescence à stable droplets
Spray
irregular spray result regular spray result
cleaner

Dr. Roland Böhn / BASF AG

 Performance Chemicals
Adding value for the detergent and formulating industries

Spreading on a surface - e. g. on glass

Dynamic contact angle measurement
0s

44 ms 12 s

l Video-based high-speed camera (360 pictures/second)

l Time-dependent analysis (Sessile Drop Method)

Dr. Roland Böhn / BASF AG

 Performance Chemicals
Adding value for the detergent and formulating industries

Contact angle on glass (40°C; 0,2g/l)

45

40

35

30
contact angle

25

20
water
15 Lutensol® XL 80
10 Lutensol® XP 80
C9C11 + 8 EO
5
APEO + 8 EO
0
0,1 1 10
time in s

Dr. Roland Böhn / BASF AG

 Performance Chemicals
Adding value for the detergent and formulating industries

Quality improvement in all purpose cleaner

Better spreading on a surface than C9C11 ethoxylates
C9C11 Lutensol Lutensol
+ 8 EO XP 80 XL 80
sec

10

Contact angle on
60 glass (23°C; 0,5g/l)
Dr. Roland
E-EVD/GT,
Dr. Böhn / BASF
02/2004
Roland Böhn AGAG
/ BASF
 Performance Chemicals
Adding value for the detergent and formulating industries

Soil removal

Nozzle

Testing Apparatus

Dr. Roland Böhn / BASF AG

Testing Plates
 Performance Chemicals
Adding value for the detergent and formulating industries

Apparatus for measuring soil removal

flow control

pump

thermostat
cleaning
solution

Dr. Roland Böhn / BASF AG

 Performance Chemicals
Adding value for the detergent and formulating industries

General soil removal / cleaning performance

Standard Cleaner
100
Concentration: 5 g/l / cleaning time: 1 minute / pH: ca. 7 / temperature: 23°C
90
Cleaning performance [%]

80

70

60

50 Lutensol® XL 40-140
Lutensol® XP 30-140
40
C9C11 ethoxylates

30 APEO

20
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
EO-content [mol]

Dr. Roland Böhn / BASF AG

 Performance Chemicals
Adding value for the detergent and formulating industries

Quality improvement in cleaning processes

Better soil removal

Dr. Roland Böhn / BASF AG

 Performance Chemicals
Adding value for the detergent and formulating industries

Emulsification/ Dispersion of soil

How are emulsions formed?
Slow-acting emulsifier e.g. C13+10 EO

Mechanical energy
Fast-acting emulsifier e.g. C13+ 3 EO

Continuous
phase Coalescence
g
tin
-ac er
w ifi
Emulsifier Slo uls Phase
em
Fa separation
st
em -acti
uls ng
ifie Coalescence
r No
Disperse phase
coalescence

Phase
Emulsification Emulsification Stabilisation separation
Deformation & Emulsion Short-term stability
Breakup

Dr. Roland Böhn / BASF AG

 Performance Chemicals
Adding value for the detergent and formulating industries

Emulsifier/coemulsifier principle
Mechanical energy

Continuous
phase

Emulsifier Slow & Fast-acting No No

emulsifiers coalescence coalescence
Disperse phase
Stable
emulsion

Emulsification Emulsification Stabilisation Stabilisation

Deformation & Emulsion Short-term stability Long-term stability
Breakup
W(log M)

Emulsifier

Coemulsifier

Molecular weight
GPC of an emulsifier/coemulsifier system GPC of an Lutensol® XL 70
Dr. Roland Böhn / BASF AG
 Performance Chemicals
Adding value for the detergent and formulating industries

Improvement in emulsification performance

acting as emulsifier/coemulsifier system (All-in-one)
e.g. emulsification of silicon oil, soil etc.

100% 100%
Emulsifier Coemulsifier
e.g. C13+ 10 EO e.g. C13 + 3 EO
Emulsifier/Coemulsifier
e.g. Lutensol® XL 70
Dr. Roland Böhn / BASF AG
 Performance Chemicals
Adding value for the detergent and formulating industries

Comparison of surfactant classes in various

application processes

C9C11 -
Lutensol® XP Lutensol® XL APEO
ethoxylates

Wetting +/- + ++ -

Dynamic surface
tension
+/- + ++ +/-

Spreading on a
surface
+/- +/- + ++

Soil removal +/- + ++ ++

Emulsification +/- +/- ++ ++

Dr. Roland Böhn / BASF AG

 Performance Chemicals
Adding value for the detergent and formulating industries

Lutensol® XP an alternative to C9C11 ethoxylates

High wetting power
Good dynamic performance
Low odour

Lutensol® XL an alternative to C9C11 ethoxylates and APEO

with outstanding performance combination
Excellent wetting
Excellent dynamic performance
Pronounced emulsifying action like APEO
Reduced alcohol content
Very low odour
Higher efficiency than C9C11 ethoxylates

Dr. Roland Böhn / BASF AG

Performance Chemicals
Adding value to detergents and formulators

Summary
Spreading Soil removal

Ecology

Lutensol® XP
and
Lutensol® XL

Wetting Dynamic properties

Emulsification
 Performance Chemicals
Adding value for the detergent and formulating industries

Backup

Dr. Roland Böhn / BASF AG

 Performance Chemicals
Adding value for the detergent and formulating industries

Test method for soil removal

Soiling according to ASTM:

• 20 g iron-III-oxide, 10 g hexane, 10 g kerosene, 4 g rapeseed oil,
4 g mineral oil, 4 g hydraulic oil
• treatment: 30 min, respectively 75 min at 90 °C
• metal surface: Aluminium

Cleaning conditions:
• concentration of cleaner solution: 0.5 %
• duration of cleaning process: 1 min
• room temperature

Dr. Roland Böhn / BASF AG

 Performance Chemicals
Adding value for the detergent and formulating industries

Product Range Lutensol® XP and Lutensol® XL :

Lutensol®XP Lutensol®XL
*** Ethoxylates *** *** Alkoxylates ***
Products Degree of Concentration Products Degree of Concentration
ethoxylation % ethoxylation %
XP 30 3 100 ES 94017 4 (broad range) 100
XP 40 4 100 XL 40* 4 (narrow range) 100
XP 50 5 100 ES 94018 5 (broad range) 100
XP 60 6 100 XL 50* 5 (narrow range) 100
XP 69 6 85 ES 94019 6 (broad range) 100
XP 70 7 100 XL 60* 6 (narrow range) 100
XP 79 7 85 XL 70 7 100
XP 80 8 100 XL 79 7 85
XP 89 8 85 XL 80 8 100
XP 90 9 100 XL 89 8 80
XP 99 9 85 XL 90 9 100
XP 100 10 100 XL 99 9 80
XP 140 14 100 XL 100 10 100
XL 140 14 100

*Only XL 40, XL 50 and XL 60 are narrow range

Dr. Roland Böhn / BASF AG