VERBOS MODALES

MODAL USO EJEMPLOS

Habilidad de hacer algo Tour guides can speak several languages.

CAN (solo con Petición Can I stay here two more weeks?
Past Simple) Posibilidad She can be very moody at times
Inhabilidad Alice can’t sing very well
CAN’T /
Prohibición You can’t take your children with you.
CANNOT
Desconfianza That can’t be Paul. He is in Ireland!
Habilidad en el pasado She could dance very well when she was a child.
Petición educada Could you introduce me to your guests?
COULD/
Sugerencia educada You could take your parents out for dinner
COULDN’T
Posibilidad He could meet new people at the party.
Habilidad Susan is able to cook delicious meals
BE ABLE TO
Posibilidad You will be able to meet my wife tonight
MAY, MIGHT Posibilidad de que algo ocurra o no I may/might meet her mother tonight
MAY Petición educada May I ask you a question?

SHOULD/ Consejo
You should accept Tim’s proposal.
SHOULDN’T Opinión
Necesidad
NEED TO I need to talk to the boss
Obligación
Necesidad
Obligación(reglas/normas) de alguien Peter has to help his mother in the garden
HAVE TO
superior
She must phone her father immediately
Obligación , Fuerte necesidad (obligación
tuya o de parte de tu familia)
Paul must be very happy in his new house
MUST Fuerte creencia

MUSTN’T Prohibición por parte de la autoridad You mustn’t use the pone after midnight
DON’T HAVE Falta de necesidad/obligación por una
We don’t have to go with Megan to the concert.
TO circunstancia
NEEDN’T Falta de necesidad/obligación You needn’t bring anything to my party
Petición formal Would you meet me tomorrow at my office, please?
WOULD Ofrecer algo Would you like to come to the opera with me?
COMPARATIVOS: ADJETIVO + THAN

1. ADJETIVOS CORTOS: Se añade –ER al final

 Menos de 2 sílabas o 2 sílabas acabado en –Y. Ej: Heavy  Heavier; Hot  hotter

2. ADJETIVOS LARGOS: Se añade MORE delante del adjetivo.

 Más de 2 sílabas Ej. Intelligent  more intelligent

SUPERLATIVO

1. ADJETIVOS CORTOS: THE + adjetivo-EST

 2 sílabas o acabado en –Y. Ej. Hot  the hottest

2. ADJETIVOS LARGOS: THE MOST + adjetivo

 Más de 2 sílabas Ej. Intelligent  The most intelligent

Adjetivos irregulares:

ADJETIVO COMPARATIVO SUPERLATIVO

Good Better The best

Bad Worse The worst

For Farther/Further The farthest/furthest

IGUALDAD

1. As…. As…. Ej. She is as beautiful as her mother

POSESIVOS

SUJETO POSESIVO COMPLEMENTO INDIRECTO

I My Me
You Your You
He His Him
She Her Her
It His It
We Our Us
You Your You
They Their Them
TIPOS DE CONDICIONALES

1. TIPO 0: Cosas lógicas.

Se forma con PRESENTE SIMPLE + PRESENTE SIMPLE.

Ej. If it rains, you get wet.

Unless  A no ser que/ a menos que

2. TIPO 1: Cosas puntuales que tienen su causa y su consecuencia.

Se forma con PRESENTE SIMPLE + FUTURO SIMPLE

Ej. If you study today, you’ll pass your exam tomorrow.

3. TIPO 2: Cosas imaginarias.

Se forma con PASADO SIMPLE + WOULD/COULD + verbo en infinitivo

Ej. If I were in the beach, I would be very good.

4. TIPO 3: Cosas del pasado que te arrepientes o alegras.

Se forma con PASADO PERFECTO SIMPLE + COULD/WOULD + HAVE + Verbo en pasado.

Ej. If I have study, I could have passed the exam.

VOZ PASIVA

Sujeto + verbo to be + participio + complemento

Ej. Mi dad built this house in 1995  This house was built by my dad in 1995

VOZ ACTIVA VOZ PASIVA

Presente Simple He DELIVERS the letters The letters ARE DELIVERED
Pasado Simple He DELIVERED the letters The letters WERE DELIVERED
Futuro Simple He WILL DELIVER the letters The letters WILL BE DELIVERED
Presente Continuo He IS DELIVERING the letters The letters ARE BEING DELIVERED
Pasado Continuo He WAS DELIVERING the letters The letters WERE BEING DELIVERED
Going to He IS GOING TO DELIVER the letters The letters ARE GOING TO BE DELIVERED
Presente Perfecto He HAS DELIVERED the letters The letters HAVE BEEN DELIVERED
Pasado Perfecto He HAD DELIVERED the letters The letters HAD BEEN DELIVERED
Infinitivo He HAS TO DELIVER the letters The letters HAVE TO BE DELIVERED
Modal He MUST DELIVER the letters The letters MUST BE DELIVERED

Se pone BY  alguien que ha hecho la acción. WITH  Instrumento con que se ha hecho.
PLURAL

1. SUSTANTIVOS

CUANDO ACABAN EN SE AÑADE: EJEMPLOS

Normal -S Cat  Cats
-S, -SS, -CH, -SH, -X, -Z, -O -ES Beach  Beaches
-IES City  Cities
-Y
-S Boy  Boys
-FE -VES Wife  Wives
 Scissors
 Brousers
 Pyjamas
Siempre van en plural  Jeans
 Glasses
 Gloves

 Fish
 Sheep
Siempre van en singular
 People

 Man: men
 Woman: women
 Child: children
Irregulares
 Foot: feet
 Tooth: teeth
 Mouse: mice

A/AN  Se utiliza para nombrar “Un…” , aunque su uso depende de como se pronuncie.
Ej. University  A university
Orange  An orange

SOME (+)  Se utiliza para nombrar “Algunos…”

Ej. I’ve got some milk

ANY (-, ? )
Ej. I don’t have any coffe

CONTABLE INCONTABLE
A/AN SOME
CANTIDAD ANY
SOME

PARA COSAS PARA PERSONAS PARA PERSONAS PARA LUGARES

Anything (verbo -/?) Anybody (verbo -/?) Anyone (verbo -/?) Anywhere (verbo -/?)
Something (verbo +) Somebody (verbo +) Someone (verbo +) Somewhere (verbo +)
Nothing (verbo +) Nobody (verbo +) No-one (verbo +) No-where (verbo +)
ONE/ONES  Se utiliza para repetir lo que se ha dicho en la frase anterior, y no repetir de nuevo el sujeto.

Ej. I don’t like this toy, I want that one.

VERBOS DE GUSTOS
Like
Love
Hate + verbo -ING
Dislike
Prefer

ADVERBIOS DE CANTIDAD

CONTABLE INCONTABLE
MANY (varias cosas) -, +, ¿ MUCH -, ¿
A LOT OF +, ¿ A LOT OF +, ¿
FEW LITTLE

USED TO  YO SOLÍA
Sujeto + USED TO + verbo en infinitivo

BE + USED TO  YO ESTOY ACOSTUMBRADO

Sujeto + be + USED TO + infinitivo

BOTH  Ambos

(-) EITHER  Con verbo positivo: uno u otro + OF + SUSTANTIVO PLURAL/SINGULAR

 Con verbo negativo: ninguno

(+) NEITHER  Ninguno

STILL  Sigo… (En medio del verbo)

YET (-/?)  Todavia, ya (al final de frase)

ALREADY (+)  Ya (en medio del verbo)