Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
hort Communications
MEASUREMENT OF GASEOUS DIFFUSION COEFFICIENTS AT
AND ABOVE THE NORMAL BOILING POINT TEMPERATURE
OF THE LIQUID BY THE STEFAN-WINKELMANN METHOD
Introduction
vents, benzene and toluene were used as boiling liquids
in an Othmertype adiabatic still where the evapora-
The Stefan-Winkelmann method has been widely tion tube was immersed18). Temperatures above the
used to measure gas-vapor diffusion coefficients, in boiling points of the solvents were obtained by means
spite of its limitations16K It has been stated that pre- of azeotropic mixtures of /i-butyl alcohol-water and n-
cision is not good for vapors of liquids which have butyl alcohol-0-xylene which were used to thermostate
the system in a range of ±1°C.
very high or very low vapor pressure, and that meas- The gas flow was 250 ncm3/min, and the total pres-
urements cannot be madeabove the boiling tempera- sure of the system was kept within ±2mmH2O.
ture of the liquid phase23\ Partial pressure of the solvent-benzil mixtures was
The former drawbackscan be overcomein many
systems by using a high-boiling point substance- determined by vapor pressure osmometry2)and vapor
solvent mixture as evaporation source, in this way pressures were calculated using the Antoine equa-
tion13).
making the temperature range of the experimental
measurements wider. Thus, measurements can be The solvents benzene and toluene (Fluka analytical
made at and above the normal boiling point tempera- reagents) were distilled in a packed column and used
ture of the liquid solvent without pressure modifica- as solvent; their purity was checked by gas chromato-
tions. graphy, Benzil (Aldrich analysis grade) was used
In this work, diffusivity data are reported for the air- without further purification.
benzene and air-toluene systems at 80.1 and 110.4°C
2. Experimental Results and Conclusions
respectively and 1 atm pressure. These are the boiling
temperatures of the liquids, at which diffusion measure- Diffusion coefficients can be calculated from data of
ments are difficult by the conventional Stefan-Winkel- the interface depth as a function of time, using the
equation9} :
mann technique. Measurements have also been car-
ried out at temperatures above the solvent boiling <A^>12= (zo +z)dz (1)
point, but results maynot be as reliable as those at the PMA(h- h) «1 ln{(P~pAi)/P}
boiling point. that describes the evaporation model shown in Fig. 1.
Corrections of the initial interface depth, z0, were
1. Experimental Apparatus and Procedure
madefollowing the methods reported in the litera-
The Stefan-Winkelmann technique used in ture4'1^. (DAB}12 is defined for the interval dtlt2,
this work has been reported previously in more but as can be shown experimentally the gaseous dif-
detail2'6-9'17'20*. The evaporation tube is filled with fusion coefficient does not depend, in our case, on the
a solution of a high-boiling point compound (benzil liquid-phase composition.
in this work), and the solvent (benzene or toluene). Results at the normal boiling-point temperature of
As the solvents used have a lower density than benzil, benzene, 80.1°C, and toluene, 110.4°C, with air as the
composition gradients could be avoided in the experi- gas flowing phase are given in Table 1. In addition,
ments ; the uniformity of the liquid phase was checked the method used in this work has been used to obtain
under the operating conditions by holographic inter- gaseous diffusion data above these temperatures, and
ferometry22).
the results are also reported in Table 1. Nevertheless,
To obtain the boiling-point temperature of the sol- these last data may not be so accurate, because of the
Received July 24, 1980. Correspondence concerning this article should be
high rate of evaporation of the solvent that, eventually,
addressed to J. Coca. can yield disturbances at the interphase.
VOL. 14 NO. 3 1981 239
Fig. 1 Evaporation tube
Fig. 2 Experimental data of gaseous diffusion coefficients (at 1 atm)
Calculated values by the Slattery-Bird24) and Chap- Table 1 Diffusivity data DAB for binary systems at and
man-Enskog10) equations have been evaluated by using above boiling-point temperature of liquid