aos Me acti Chap. 11 given by Thoenes and Kramers!2 for 0.25 < 6 “ <05, 1 < Sc < 4000 is , “0)y Sh’ = Sho (l-o)y d, = particle diameter (equivalent diameter of sphere of the same volume), m = [(6/1) (volume of pellet)}'?, m & = void fraction (porosity) of packed bed “y= shape factor (external surface area divided by md} ) U = superficial gas velocity through the bed, m/s yp = visconity, kg/m-s py = Muid density, kg/m* = & = kinematic viscosity, m/s p Dyy = gas-phase diffusivity, m?/s For constant fluid properties and particle diameter: (11-67) k, 2 yin . of sineAb-O7) We see that the mass transfer coefficient increases with the square root of the superficial velocity through the bed. Therefore, for a fixed concentration, Cy, such as that found in a differential reactor, the rate of reaction should vary with yi: =r © k.Cy % U"2 However, if the gas velocity is continually increased, a point is reached where the reaction becomes reaction rate-limited and consequently, is independent of the superficial gas velocity, as shown in Figure 11-6. : Mont mass transfer correlations in the literature are reported in terms of the Calburn J factor (.c., Jy Jas a function of the Reynolds number, The relue bonstip between Jy and the numbers we have been discussing is Sh Ip = fe ? 8c" Re ee Figure 11-10 shows data from a number of investigations for the J factor 4s a function of the Reynolds number for a wide range of particle shapes and "2D. Thoenes, Jr. and H. Kramers, Chem, Eng. Sci., 8, 271 (1958).iridium catalyst is of interest.'5 In a proposed study, a 2% hydrazine in 98% helium mixture is to be passed over a packed bed of cylindrical particles 0.25 cm in diam- eter and 0.5 cm in length at a gas-phase velocity of 15 m/s and a temperature of 750) K. The kinematic viscosity of helium at this temperature is 4.5 x 10-4 m/s. The hydrazine decomposition reaction is believed to be externally mass transfer-limited under these conditions. If the packed bed is 0.05 m in length, what conversion can be expected? Assume isothermal operation. Additional information Dag = 0.69 X 10-4 m/s at 298 K Bed porosity: 30% Bed fluidicity: 95.7%