Cell Growth, Development & Reproduction  

Test Review 
10.1 Cell Growth, Division and Reproduction
● Explain the problems that growth causes for cells.
● Compare asexual and sexual reproduction

Vocabulary
Cell division Asexual Reproduction Sexual Reproduction

10.2 The Process of Cell Division

● Describe the role of chromosomes in cell division
● Name the main events of the cell cycle
● Describe what happens during the four phases of mitosis
● Describe the process of cytokinesis

Vocabulary
Chromosome Cytokinesis Metaphase
Cell cycle Prophase Telophase
Interphase Centromere Anaphase
Mitosis Centriole

1. Describe what is meant by each of the following terms:

a. Cell volume: ​the amount of material inside a cell
b. Cell surface area: ​the total area of the cell’s membrane
c. Ratio of surface area to volume ratio: s​urface area compared to the volume.
The smaller the cell, the larger the surface area to volume ratio
The larger the surface area to volume ratio the more efficient
materials are exchanged

2. Describe sexual and asexual reproduction as survival strategies.

Asexual reproduction allows populations to increase in number very quickly.
Sexual reproduction provides genetic diversity.

3. In a changing environment, which organisms have an advantage--those that reproduce

asexually or those that reproduce sexually? Explain your answer.
Sexually; genetic differences in a population may help the organisms better cope
with environmental changes.
 Cell Growth, Development & Reproduction  
Test Review 

4. Describe how a eukaryotic cell’s chromosomes change as a cell prepares to divide.

Well before cell division, each chromosome is replicated. At the beginning of cell
division, chromosomes condense, each consisting of two identical sister
chromatids joined at a centromere.

5. What is the relationship between interphase and cell division?

Interphase is the period of growth between cell divisions.

6. List the following stages of mitosis in the correct sequence and describe what happens
during each stage: anaphase, metaphase, prophase, telophase.
Prophase: chromosomes condense, spindle starts to form, nuclear envelope
disappears
Metaphase: duplicated chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell and
centromeres attach to the spindle.
Anaphase: chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell
Telophase: chromosomes begin to unwind and the nuclear envelope reappears

7. Some cells have several nuclei within their cytoplasm. Considering the events of a
typical cell cycle, which phase of the cell cycle is not operating when such cells form?
Many nuclei present indicates that mitosis has occurred repeatedly without
cytokinesis occurring.

8. The nerve cells in the human nervous system seldom undergo mitosis. Based on this
information, explain why complete recovery from injury to the nervous system usually
does not occur.
Nerve cells seldom undergo mitosis, so the body is usually unable to repair
damage to parts of the nervous system. Thus, complete recovery may not occur.

9. A scientist treats cells with a chemical that prevents DNA synthesis. In which stage of
the cell cycle will these cells remain?
They will remain in the S-phase of interphase.
 Cell Growth, Development & Reproduction  
Test Review 
10. Relate ratio of surface area to volume to cell growth and cell division.
During growth, a cell’s volume increases more rapidly than does its surface area,
causing its ratio of surface area to volume to decrease with increasing size. As a
cell’s ratio of surface area to volume decreases, it becomes more difficult for a cell
to move needed materials in and wastes out. Thus, a normal growing cell will
usually divide into two daughter cells before it becomes too large.

11. Assume that prophase begins with 8 chromatids in the nucleus of a cell. When telophase
ends, how many chromosomes will be present in each new nucleus. Explain your
answer.
When telophase ends, each new nucleus will contain 4 chromosomes. The 8
chromosomes form from the replication of 4 chromosomes. When mitosis is over,
the chromatids have separated at their centromeres to form 8 chromosomes, half
of which move to each nucleus.

12. Discuss the relationship between mitosis and cytokinesis. What would be the result if
one happened without the other?
Mitosis is the division of the nucleus. Cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm.
If mitosis occurred without cytokinesis, the cell would contain two nuclei and
twice the DNA. If cytokinesis occurred without mitosis, one of the new cells would
lack DNA and a nucleus all together.