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Name: ____________________________ Date: _______________ Period: ________

Earth Science WBHS
Due Date: ____________

MIDTERM REVIEW: EARTH SCIENCE REFERENCE TABLES

Page 1: Equations

1. Calculate the gradient from point A to B from the following profile diagram of a stream.

Show All Work!

Formula

Substitution

Answer
With Units
(rounded to
the nearest
tenth)

2. Calculate the gradient form point B to point D.

Show All Work!

Formula

Substitution

Answer
With Units
(rounded to
the nearest
tenth)
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3. A stream in NY begins at a location 350 meters above sea level and flows into a swamp
225 meters above sea level. The length of the stream is 25 km. What is the gradient?

Show All Work!

Formula

Substitution

Answer
With Units
(rounded to
the nearest
tenth)

4. Calculate the density of a rock if the mass is 350 grams and the volume is 70 cubic
centimeters?

Show All Work!

Formula

Substitution

Answer
With Units
(rounded to
the nearest
tenth)
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Show All Work!
5. Calculate the volume of a rock if the mass is
Formula
500 grams and the density is 100 g/cm3?

Show All Work!

Formula Substitution

Substitution Answer
With Units
(rounded to
the nearest
tenth)

6. Given the graph, calculate the density of the object:

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Formula

Substitution

Answer
With Units
(rounded to
the nearest
tenth)

7. Given the diagram below, calculate the eccentricity of the ellipse (assume units are cm).

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Formula

8. An ellipse has a focal distance of

50mm and the length of its major axis Substitution
is 90mm. Calculate its eccentricity.

Answer
With Units
(rounded to
the nearest
tenth)
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Answer
With Units
(rounded to
the nearest
tenth)

Page 1: Average Chemical Composition of Earth’s Crust, Hydrosphere, and

Troposphere

9. Which element has the highest percentage in the hydrosphere? __________________

10. Which element has the highest percentage in the crust? _______________________
11. Make a pie diagram representing the elements in the troposphere.

Page 3: Generalized Bedrock Geology of NYS

12. Name the city located closest to 42o05’N, 76o50’W. ______________________

13. What is the approximate latitude & longitude of Oswego, NY (use minutes please & do
not forget directions!)?
Latitude

Longitude

14. What would be the approximate altitude of Polaris for Watertown, NY? __________
15. Name a city in NY that would have an altitude of Polaris to be 42o? _______________
16. How far is Elmira from Rochester in… miles? ____________ kilometers? __________
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17. On the hemisphere below, place and draw Polaris at the correct height for Massena,
NY.

N S

Page 5: Tectonic Plates

18. Name a location at the following plate boundaries:
Boundary Description Example Location
2 oceanic plates converge and form a
trench
2 continental plates converge and form a
mountain
A continental plate and an oceanic plate
converge and form a mountain and
trench
2 oceanic plates diverge and form a mid-
ocean ridge
Transform plate boundary where
earthquakes occur

19. Name 2 hotspots on a plate boundary:

a. ___________________ & ___________________
20. Name 2 hotspots not on a plate boundary:
a. ___________________ & ___________________
21. Complete the chart about the plate boundary between the Juan de Fuca plate and the
Pacific plate:
Type of boundary?
Draw one arrow on each plate
showing their relative motion to
each other as if viewed from
above.
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Draw arrows on the Juan de Fuca

and North American plates in the
diagram showing the relative
motion. Place a star on or
highlight the overriding plate.

Page 6: Rock Cycle in Earth’s Crust

22. What processes form sedimentary rocks?
________________________________________________________________
23. What processes form igneous rocks?
_________________________________________________________________

24. What processes form metamorphic rocks?

__________________________________________________________________

25. How can you recognize processes on the rock cycle chart?
__________________________________________________________________
26. How can you recognize materials on the rock cycle chart?
__________________________________________________________________
27. How can you recognize rock types on the rock cycle chart?
__________________________________________________________________

Page 6: Relationship of Transported Particle Size to Water Velocity

28. Name the sediment that has a particle size of 0.005cm. _____________________
29. Name the sediment that has a particle size of 0.0002cm. ____________________
30. What are the minimum and maximum sizes for a cobble? _____________________

Page 6: Scheme for Igneous Rock Identification

31. Describe 3 characteristics of an intrusive igneous rock.
a. _______________________
b. _______________________
c. _______________________
32. Describe 3 characteristics of an extrusive igneous rock.
a. _______________________
b. _______________________
c. _______________________
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33. Name an igneous rock that is mafic, high density, dark colored, and coarse-grained.
_________________________
34. Name an igneous rock that crystallized near the surface, with a glassy, non-vesicular
texture that is composed mainly of pyroxene, plagioclase feldspar, and olivine.
_________________________

35. Name 3 characteristics that granite and rhyolite have in common.

a. ______________________
b. ______________________
c. ______________________
36. Name 3 ways that granite and rhyolite are different.
a. ______________________
b. ______________________
c. ______________________

Page 7: Scheme for Sedimentary Rock Identification

37. List 3 groups of sedimentary rocks.
a. ______________________
b. ______________________
c. ______________________
38. Name the sedimentary rocks that are fragmental. _______________________
39. Name the sedimentary rocks that are formed from evaporation and precipitation.
____________________________
40. Name the rocks that were formed from biological activity. _________________
41. How are clastic sedimentary rocks classified? ___________________________

Page 7: Scheme for Metamorphic Rock Identification

42. How can you tell that gneiss, schist, phyllite, and slate are metamorphic rocks?
_____________________________________________________________
43. Slate is the metamorphism of ___________________.
44. Name a nonfoliated rock that results from the metamorphism of quartz sandstone.
______________________
45. When contact metamorphism occurs between an igneous intrusion of granite and a layer
of limestone, name the metamorphic rock that would form. _____________________
46. Name the metamorphic rock that will bubble when acid is placed on it.
________________ Why will this occur? _________________________________
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Page 10: Inferred Properties of the Earth’s Interior

47. Which layer of the earth is located at a depth of 2000km? ___________________
48. What is the temperature at 4000km? __________________________
49. What is the pressure at 6000kn? ___________________________
50. What is the density of the outer core? _______________________
51. What is the inner core made of? ____________________________
52. What happens to the density, temperature, and pressure as you go deeper into the
earth ? __________________________
53. What is the MOHO? _______________________________________________
54. In which layer is the melting point temperature higher than the actual temperature?
____________________________ Would this layer be solid or liquid? ___________
55. How can you tell that the outer core is made of liquid iron?
_________________________________________________________________
56. Name the mountain range formed near the boundary of the Pacific Plate and the North
American Plate. _____________________________________
57. What is the lithosphere made up of? ____________________________________

Page 11: Earthquake P-wave & S-wave Travel Time Graph

58. How far does a P-wave travel in 9 minutes? _______________________
59. How long does it take an S-wave to travel 5200km? _________________
60. How far away is the earthquake epicenter if the time difference between the p-wave
and s-wave arrivals is 4 minutes? ________________________
61. How far from the earthquake epicenter is the station that recorded the seismogram
picture below? ___________________________

Page 14: Selected Properties of the Earth’s Atmosphere

62. What is the approximate temperature at an elevation of 31mi above sea level?
___________________________________
63. In which layer of the atmosphere would you find a pressure reading of .50atm?
________________________________
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64. What is happening to the temperature from the beginning to the end of the
stratosphere? ___________________________
65. At what height in km does the mesosphere begin? ___________________
66. Which layer(s) contains water vapor? ____________________________
67. As altitude increases, pressure ___________________________

Page 15: Characteristics of Stars

68. What group of stars does the Sun belong to? ___________________________
69. Give two similarities between Proxima Centauri and Procyon B.
a. ________________________________
b. ________________________________
70. Give two differences between Proxima Centauri and Procyon B.
a. ________________________________
b. ________________________________
71. Why is Polaris more luminous than the Sun despite their similar temperature?
__________________________________________________________
72. List the colors of stars in order of increasing temperature.
a. _________________
b. _________________
c. _________________
d. _________________
e. _________________
f. _________________
73. Sirius is approximately ______x more luminous than the Sun.
74. What is the temperature of Spica? ______________
Page 15: Solar System Data
75. The asteroid belt is approximately 500 milllion km away from the sun. Between which 2
planets can it be found? ________________________________________________
76. Name the planet whose day is longer than its year? ___________________
77. As distance from the sun increases, period of revolution ____________________.
78. Which planet has the shortest day? ___________________
79. Which planet has the most elliptical orbit? _____________________
80. Which planet has the least eccentric orbit? ____________________
81. Name 1 planet with an orbit more circular than earth’s? ______________
82. Name 1 planet with an orbit more flattened than earth’s? _____________
83. Name the planet which is approximately 10x larger than Venus. _________
84. Earth is approximately __x larger than the moon.
85. The most massive planet in our solar system is _______________.
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86. Which planets are terrestrial? Which planets are Jovian?

Terrestrial Jovian (Gas Giants)

87. How do the densities of the terrestrial planets compare to the densities of the Jovian
planets? ________________________________________________________