Liceo de Bay

Bay, Laguna
A.Y. 2018-2019

The Effects of Implementing different traffic scheme

by the LBTMO in Crossing, Los Baños, Laguna
as perceived by the selected GAS Students of
Liceo de Bay A.Y. 2018-2019

Researchers:
Pañe, Jo-Emmanuel P.
Abuan, Patricia Joy M.
Batac, Maria Elmira Grace C.
Remerata, Michelle Angela N.
Abstract
Chapter I – The Problem and Its
Background
A. Introduction
Traffic congestion in urban road
networks wastes a massive amount of time
and fuel, and the overall cost due to traffic
congestion is increasing every year. Traffic
congestion often occurs when traffic density
becomes higher than the capacity of a road
network. Efficient use of the existing road
networks by innovative intersection
management and control is a remaining
option for the cities where further
construction and expansion of roads are
difficult. In the traditional traffic control
paradigm traffic flows at intersections are
regulated by traffic lights or signs that restrict
the maximum traffic handling capacity of the
intersections and increase inconveniences of
frequent stops and idling. At busy
intersections, flows of vehicles on each
approach are usually regulated by green and
red lights that eventually increase the stop
delay.
B. Background of the Study
Traffic is one of the biggest problem that the
country is facing nowadays especially in Los
Baños where the business industry is immerging.
The traffic congestion now plaguing the main
road of Los Baños (particularly Crossing) is
wreaking havoc on workers' and students’
productivity due to the implementation of
different traffic scheme.
They can view the traffic from different
perspectives: longer commute time, employee
absences, stress, wasted man-hours, and added
fuel expenses are just some of them. Traffic is so
prevalent in Los Baños, particularly during rush
hours were there are many commuters especially
employees of both public and private sector are
affected but also for businesses as well.
C. Theoretical Framework
According to Talukdar (n.d.),
Traffic Congestion is one of many
serious global problems in all great cities
resulted from rapid urbanization which
always exert negative externalities upon
society. It is not possible to suggest
unique traffic congestion management
framework which could be absolutely
applied for every great cities. Equally, it
is quite feasible to develop a framework
which could be used with or without
minor adjustment to deal with
congestion problem. So, the main aim of
this paper is to prepare a traffic
congestion mitigation framework which
will be useful for LBTMO who are
directly or indirectly involved or willing
to involve in the task of traffic
congestion management.
D. Conceptual Framework
This study aims to know about
the effects of traffic to commuters and
riders.
Independent Dependent
LBTMO in terms The effects of
of their implementing
different traffic
implementation
scheme
Figure 1. Research Paradigm
E. Statement of the Problem
The purpose of this study is to determine
the effects of implementing different traffic
scheme in Crossing Los Baños, Laguna that
affects different subject’s performance. It
seeks to answer specifically the following
questions:
 1. What are the possible solutions on
how to avoid the traffic that
encountered everyday by the
subjects?
2. What are the reasons of low
performance of variables caused by traffic?
2.1 Traffic Constable
2.2 Commuters/Jaywalkers
2.3 Riders/Drivers
F. Hypothesis
Alternative Hypothesis:
There is a significant effect between
LBTMO in terms of their implementation and
the effects of implementing different traffic
scheme.
Null Hypothesis:
There is no significant effect between
LBTMO in terms of their implementation and
the effects of implementing different traffic
scheme.
G. Significance of the Study
1. Commuters – It will benefit the
commuters to know what increases
their social interaction, and can help
them with their daily activity.
2. Students – It will benefit the
students in improving their learning
about the traffic that they can
encounter every day. And to gain a
better understanding in the effect of
traffic.
3. Drivers – It will benefit the drivers
to improve their driving skills to
reduce the risks of accidents,
knowing how to avoid traffic
crashes, recognize potential
hazards, reduce traffic jams and
parking hassles.
4. Future Researchers – It will benefit
the future researchers who will also
tackle the same problem in their
research and also will gave them
information that they can also use.
H. Scope and Limitations
The study deals with some reasons what
are the effects of implementing different
traffic scheme by the LBTMO and these are
the usual situations that can see along the
road as they commute. The traffic level by
frequency and severity of traffic jams, road
quality, and infrastructure, driver safety
based on accidents, road hazards and
weather, drivers services like access to gas
stations including access to cars and impact
of gas prices and that’s why traffic affects
different subjects.
I. Definition of Terms
1. Subject- variables/respondents
2. Frequency - is the number of
occurrences of a repeating event per
unit time.
3. Carpooling – option to lessen traffic
Chapter II – Review of Related
Literature and Studies
According to a research titled “Employer
Views on Traffic Congestion” (Policy Brief 115
of the Reason Foundation, February 2014), traffic
congestion is a problem not just for individual
commuters but for businesses as well. While
commuters are greatly concerned over rush hour
traffic, businesses are also concerned with the off-
peak hour (non-rush hour) delivery of goods. It
was pointed out in the research that because
businesses are concerned with congestion during
both time periods, their views on traffic
congestion differ from those of commuters.
Solving rush hour and off-peak congestion is also
more challenging than merely solving rush hour
congestion.
The study stated that congestion affects
employers in several ways. Primarily, it affects
impacts corporate activities such as
shipping/receiving, logistics and distribution,
client meetings and other business activities. It
also limits worker availability and productivity by
affecting employees’ commutes. In the
Philippines, the effects of congestion on workers
and employees are a sore issue. Congestion leads
to workers arriving late; commuting hassles for
workers, frustration/stress, long work commutes,
long travel time, and loss of personal time.
In the Philippines, street, traffic or
system problems are major issues. These include
construction activities, accidents/incidents,
inconvenient roads for customers and other causes
of traffic such as safety issues, poor road design,
traffic signals, and on specific roads.
According to the Japan International
Cooperation Agency (JICA), traffic congestion
cost the Philippines P2.4 billion every day in
2012. If remain unsolved, our country can lose
P6B daily by 2030. The National Center for
Transportation Studies (UP Diliman) explained
that the cost of traffic are based on several factors,
among them are: value of time lost due to delay;
fuel costs; vehicle operating costs; Impact on
health; and Greenhouse gas emissions.
Joey Tibayan-Bayan, a radio reporter
laments that going to and from work is such a
chore. She said, “You get all dressed up looking
fresh and clean, when you get on the PUVs, you
disembark sweaty tired and dejected. The day has
not even started yet!”
The People Management Association of
the Philippines (PMAP), the premier organization
of HR practitioners and people managers in the
country with a membership of more than 1,800
corporate and individual members, conducted a
survey in one of their recent monthly meeting
attended by more than 200 members. The results
showed that 81% of the respondents are in favor
of a 4-day work week scheme. The companies
also shared that they provide benefits to their
employees to lessen the effect of traffic like
flexible work schedule, free shuttle, work from
home option and gas allowance.
Ruth Dela Cruz, IT Consultant. Local
companies should start implementing work from
home option especially for positions which don’t
require physical reporting in the office.
Kellypad Biasong, Nurse. Improve our
train system and implement a “No parking, No
car” policy.
Cristal Maramag, Digital Officer. There
should be more means of public transportation
and the government needs to fix our roads
especially in flood-prone areas which worsen the
traffic.
Grace Bondad Nicolas, COO of a media
and PR firm. Carpooling is another solution we
can consider aside from improving of our railway
systems.
Enzo Luna, Blogger/ Photographer. If
only we have a train system that works on time
like in Japan then wasted time going to work or
school will be eliminated. Adapting an effective
system will help ease our public commuting.
John Michael Bueno, Computer Engineer. Use
waterways and additional layer of roads as options
for more efficient public transportations. People
should see train ads in Singapore, it’s fun and
educational.
Abdel Sabdani, Corporate
Communication and Marketing Manager.
Companies should be mandated to have vehicles
that can pick-up and drop-off employees on
designated points.
Jocelyn Alaraña Magbitang, Travel
Agency Owner. Open the gates of private villages
even for a limited only.
David Ricardo Valencia Ferro, Network
Administrator. Old buses should be phased out.
Saj Kamid, Research and Extension
Specialist. Bus rapid transit should be considered
as another mass transport mode. Re-educating the
pedestrians on proper crossing, when to cross,
how to use pedestrian facilities should also be
considered.
Agustin John Cabredo, Government
employee. I moved near my office and I ride my
bicycle to go to work every day. It’s environment-
friendly, cheap and good for the health.
Mark Joshua Pineda, Social Media
Officer. Mass transport system, proper jeepney
stops.
Peter Sumile, Publisher. Install
walkways and flyovers in intersections, major
roads and national roads.
Adrian Marco, Programming and
Production Manager. President Duterte should
reprimand all “underperforming” local
government officials: mayors, vice mayors and
governors.
Jayson R. Biadog, Technical Support.
Flexible work schedule for employees.
Gino Romano Santos Decipeda, Process
Specialist. Phase out all vehicles 10 years old and
above.
Leo Brisenio, Photographer. We need an
effective and efficient transport system which
should be run by the government.
Metro Manila (CNN Philippines) —
Traffic can be deadly. A new study by the World
Health Organization (WHO) reveals about 7
million people die every year due to air pollution.
In Southeast Asia, most of this air pollution comes
from traffic in highly urbanized areas. Air
pollution is an "invisible killer," WHO Director
Maria Neira said. It accounts for a third of deaths
from lung cancer and stroke, a quarter of deaths
from heart disease, and as much as half of child
deaths from pneumonia. On top of that, she said,
air pollution can also give people chronic
illnesses, which can be expensive to treat and can
decrease the quality of their lives for years.
Jiao, C. (2016, September 14) (Traffic is
main source of deadly air pollution in Southeast
Asia - WHO)
Because of the gridlock, what is usually
a 15-minute drive may last up to two hours,
according to online financial platform
MoneyMax.ph. A long commute due to traffic
makes workers less productive. Studies have
shown that a strenuous commute increases the
likeliness of irritability and fatigue which
decreases a person’s performance on the job,
MoneyMax added.
"Part of the problem is that people are so
impatient and people don't follow rules," said Ma.
Sheilah Napalang, director of the National Center
for Transportation Studies.
According to Napalang, the government
should prioritize improving the country's mass
public transport system, which includes railway
and bus rapid transit. She added that the premium
P2P bus service is a good first step, as it gives
another option for commuters, and encourages
private car owners to leave their cars at home.
According to Gilbert Felongco in an
article posted on Gulf News, congestion appears
to be worsening in the Philippines as wealthier
Filipinos buy more vehicles and enjoy their
improved spending power.
Arsenio Balisacan, Director General of
the National Economic Development Authority,
said that the Philippines loses P2.4 billion (Dh204
million) per day in potential income as a result of
traffic congestion problems and lost productivity.
Also, for a minute, suppose that 30,000 vehicles
pass through each of main roads every day and
each vehicle is able to save one liter of fuel per
day due to congestion reduction. If fuel is priced
an average of P45 /L, then this is easily equivalent
to savings of 1,425,000 P per day per road. For 12
roads and assuming to include only travel on
weekdays, the total savings per year can be D. Instrument
computed as P4.212 billion.
The researchers designed a survey
questionnaire as one of the data collection
instrument for this study that aims at eliciting
Chapter III – Methodology
relevant information of this research study. The
A. Research Design questionnaires were structured by the researchers
itself. The items in the survey questionnaire
The study is a quantitative research that contained close-ended questions which helped in
utilized causal research as the design. Quantitative determining the effect. The close-ended questions
research is used to express the problem by way of are in the form of response scale – a four-point
making numerical data or data that can be change Likert scale, dichotomous scale and a checklist.
into usable statistics (De Franzo, 2011). Table 2 shows the design of the survey
questionnaire.
B. Sampling and Technique
Table 2. Detailed Specification of the Survey
The sampling technique that will be used Questionnaire for the Demographics,
in the study is the random sampling technique and Questionnaire Proper, and the
it will took place in Bay-Los Baños Area; it is a Suggestions/Recommendations
basic sampling technique where the researchers
will choose a subject for the study from the chosen
population (Easton and McColl n.d.). The data AREAS OF ITEMS NUMBER % OF
will be collected with the help of survey CONCERN OF ITEMS
questionnaire, specifically the four-point Likert ITEMS PER
scale, dichotomous scale and checklists preferred
AREA
by the researchers. The causal statistics of the
statistical treatments will be used to show the Demographic Part I 2 11.1%
distribution of variables of the study and to Profile
describe it so that the reliable information has
Questionnaire Part II 15 83.3%
been shown.
Proper
C. Procedures
Recommendations Part III 1 5.6%
For this study to be possible, the
researchers will give a letter to the authority/ies
for formality. The purpose of this letter is for the TOTAL 18 100
approval for the researchers to conduct this study.
Certain letter is made for the Supervisor of
LBTMO. After the approval from the principal, A four-point Likert scale will be used to
the researchers will distribute the letter to the determine the perception of the respondents
selected respondents and informed them that they toward the attributes or factors of the traffic
were chosen to participate to answer the survey scheme. Table 3 shows the rating scheme that will
questionnaire. The survey proper will be be used.
conducted in a span of time. After they have
gathered all the raw data, the researchers will be
using the frequency count and will analyze it.
 Table 3. Rating Schemes for the Satisfaction
Level of the Respondents Table 4. Statistical Treatment of the Study

DEGREE DESCRIPTION
3.01 ─ 4.00 Very Good
2.01 ─ 3.00 Good
1.01 ─ 2.00 Not so Good
0.00 ─ 1.00 Not Good
The indicated scale shown is the
identification of the preference level of the
respondents toward the important attributes or
factors of the topic. Dichotomous scales were also
used in the questions of the survey wherein there
are only two answers possible. Checkboxes are
also used in the survey questionnaire to allow the
respondents to have more options.

E. Treatment
To determine the distribution of the
variables (scores from the
questionnaires/instruments) used and to
answer the objectivity of the study, the
following will be utilized:

Frequency distribution – the data gathered

will be tallied and tabulated according to
their corresponding category for the
required information.

Percentages – the frequencies of the data

will be converted into percentages to give
representation to the data, or information
derived from the distribution. The
presentation of the frequency distribution
was in a 2-way table showed the
corresponding percentages.

Means – commonly used average or measure of

central tendency.

Statement of the Problem Sources Statistical Treatment

Traffic Constable Survey Categorization
Questionnaire Summarization
Commuters/Jaywalkers Survey Frequency
Questionnaire Distribution
Percentage
Survey Frequency
Questionnaire Distribution
Riders/Drivers
Percentage
Means