NEW HYBRID POWER GENERATION FOR MULTIPLE

ENERGY HARVESTING SYSTEM USING PV AND

PELTIER MODULE
1.Saikumar.K, 2.Saravanan.R, 3.Murali.R, 4.Vetriselva.M
Electrical and Electronics Engineering
UG Schlor1,3,4, Assistant Professor2
Hosur Institute of Technology and Science
E-Mail:saikumaro297@gmail.com1

ABSTRACT improvement and added value creation [5]–[7]. To

optimize the generation capacities of renewable
In parallel to developing technology, demand for
energy sources, maximum power point tracking
more energy makes us seek new energy sources. The
most important application field of this search is (MPPT) techniques have been developed.
renewable energy resources. Hybrid systems are the
ones that use more than one energy resources. BLOCK DIAGRAM
Integration of systems (solar and temperature source)
has more influence in terms of electric power
production. Such systems are called as “hybrid
systems”. A Hybrid Power Plant (HPP) which uses
combination of different power sources for producing
electrical power. A centralized unit controls the
operation of these power sources.

INTRODUCTION

Over the past century, energy consumption per

capitals well as worldwide population has been on Fig 1.1: Block Diagram
the rise[1], [2]. Solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind
farms make up the largest sector of supplemental PV ARRAY
renewable energy development and installations,
primarily contributing large-scale power on the
megawatt level [3],[4]. Small-scale energy harvesting
from various sustainable sources, such as mechanical
vibrations from a bridge, waste heat from automobile
exhausts and brick kilns, and electricity from
microbial fuel cells, have also been investigated,
focusing on the energy optimization scaled down to
offgrid and even to a personal level for efficiency
Fig1.2: Solar Cell
 A solar cell (also called a photovoltaic cell) is
an electrical device that converts the energy of light
directly into electricity by the photovoltaic effect. It
is a form of photoelectric cell (in that its electrical
characteristics—e.g. current, voltage, or resistance—
vary when light is incident upon it) which, when
heating or indirect electrical power generation.
"Photoelectrolytic cell" (photo electrochemical cell),
to crystallinity and crystal size in the resulting ingot,
ribbon, or wafer.

exposed to light, can generate and support an electric The separate extraction of those carriers to an
current without being attached to any external voltage external circuit.
source.

The operation of a photovoltaic (PV) cell

requires 3 basic attributes:
The absorption of light, generating either
electron-hole pairs or excites.
The separation of charge carriers of opposite
types.

Crystalline silicon
refined silicon. Hence most c-Si panels have
uncovered gaps at the four corners of the cells.

Metallic Contact Grid

Metal grille that collects the electric current being
generated.

Fig 1.3 Crystalline Silicon

By far, the most prevalent bulk material for solar

cells is crystalline silicon (abbreviated as a group as
c-Si), also known as "solar grade silicon". Bulk
silicon is separated into multiple categories according
monocrystalline silicon (c-Si): often made using the
Czochralski process. Single-crystal wafer cells tend
to be expensive, and because they are cut from
cylindrical ingots, do not completely cover a square
solar cell module without a substantial waste of the
cell, a certain portion of it is absorbed within the
semiconductor material.
The solar cells used in solar panels to
generate electricity are photovoltaic cells or modules
(modules are simply a group of cells electrically
connected and packaged in one frame). Photovoltaic
(PV) cells are made of special materials called
semiconductors such as silicon, which is currently the
most commonly used. Basically, when light strikes
 pull thermal energy from where they are heading
away from each other and deliver it to where they
PELTIER meet.

It is a voltage existed between two ends of a

metal bar when a temperature gradient existed within
the bar.A temperature difference causes diffusion of
electrons from the hot side to the cold side of a
conductor. The motion of electrons creates an
electrical current. The voltage is proportional to the
temperature difference as governed by

V=α(Th-Tc)

Individual couples are connected in series

Thermoelectric heat pumps that will produce a
electrically and in parallel thermally.
temperature gradient that is proportional to an applied
Couples are thermally connected by a
current.
ceramic that has high electrical resistivity
and high thermal conductivity

Peltier Effect with Dissimilar Metals:

At the junction of two dissimilar metals the

energy level of conducting electrons is forced to
increase or decrease. A decrease in the energy level
emits thermal energy, while an increase will absorb
thermal energy from its surroundings. The
temperature gradient for dissimilar metals is very
small. The figure of merit is a measure of
thermoelectric efficiency.

Semiconductor Peltier:

Bismuth-Telluride n and p blocksAn electric

current forces electrons in n type and holes in p type
away from each other on the cold side and towards
each other on the hot side.The holes and electrons Change in Temperature at 12v:
 Temperature and Temperature Difference
as a Function of Time
160.00

140.00

120.00
Temperature (¡F)

100.00
Hot Side
80.00
Cold Side
60.00
Temp
Difference
40.00

20.00

0.00
0 200 400 600 800
Time (s)

Applications

Temperature Gradient:  EPC / Notebook Car Adapter

 Automotive and Industrial Boost /

Temperature Gradient as a Function of Voltage
Buck-Boost / Inverting Converters
70.00

60.00
 Portable Electronic Equipment
50.00
Voltage vs
Temperature, ¡C

Temp Diff
40.00
Cold vs V

30.00 Hot vs V
CONCLUSION
20.00 The proposed system operates based on the parallel
10.00
to developing technology, demand for more energy
0.00
0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 makes us seek new energy sources. The most
Voltage, V

important application field of this search is renewable

energy resources. Hybrid systems are the ones that
BOOST COVERTER
use more than one energy resources. Integration of
systems (solar and temperature source) has more
XL6009E BOOST converter:
influence in terms of electric power production. Such

The XL6009 regulator is a wide input range, systems are called as “hybrid systems”.

current mode, DC/DC converter which is capable of

generating either positive or negative output voltages.
REFERENCES
It can be configured as a boost, flyback, SEPIC or
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current-mode architecture results in stable operation
Feb. 2013.
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2005.
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