Copeland 4-1309
4-1309
Application Engineering Bulletin
AE-1309
APPLICATION GUIDELINES FOR
SHL1/SHM1 & SHL2/SHM2
SEMI-HERMETIC SCREW COMPRESSORS
Table of Contents
1. General ....................................................... 2
2. Design and Functions ............................... 2
2.1 Construction Features ............................ 2
2.2 Compression Procedure -
Automatic Vi – Control ............................ 2
2.3 Capacity Control / Start Unloading ......... 3
2.4 Mounting the Compressor ...................... 4
2.5 Oil Circulation ........................................ 5
2.6 Oil Cooling ............................................. 6
3. Lubricants .................................................. 7
3.1 Table of Lubricants ................................. 7
3.2 Mixing Of Lubricants, Oil Changes ......... 8
4. Incorporation into the
Refrigeration Circuit .................................. 8
4.1 General Design Recommendations/
Pipe Layout ............................................ 8
4.2 Guide Lines for Special System
Considerations ....................................... 9
©2000 Copeland Corporation
Printed in U.S.A.
Issued February, 2000
4.3 Additional Cooling by Direct
Refrigerant Injection ............................... 9
4.4 Start Unloading ...................................... 9
4.5 Capacity Regulation ............................. 10
4.6 Parallel Operation ................................ 10
4.7 Economizer Operation ......................... 12
4.8 Two-Stage Systems ............................. 12
5. Electrical ................................................... 13
5.1 Motor Design ....................................... 13
5.2 Selection of Electrical Components ..... 13
5.3 Protection Devices ............................... 14
6. Selection of Compressor ........................ 14
6.1 Compressor Summary ......................... 14
6.2 Technical Data ..................................... 14
6.3 Application Ranges .............................. 15
6.4 Screw Compressor Accessories .......... 16
6.5 Dimensional Drawings .................... 17-25
1
 Copeland 4-1309
1. General
The SHL & SHM series of screw compressors from
Copeland once again set the standards in
technology and performance. This advanced series
is the result of intensive research based on many
years experience manufacturing small and medium
capacity screw compressors.
Features:
• High capacity and efficiency due to
- Unique rotor design
- High motor efficiency
- Ease of economized operation
- Automatic Vi Control
- Precise machining process
• Simple and robust design and construction
• Oversized bearings
• Efficient capacity control (unloaded start)
• Integrated discharge check valve
• Internal pressure relief valve
• ESC 200 electronic control module
• Motor protection device
• Discharge gas temperature protection
• Electronic oil flow switch
• Fine mesh oil filter (10 µ )
• Compatible with R22, R134a, R404A and R507
- Other refrigerants upon request
• Low noise and vibration levels
• Small installed space requirement
• Complete line of accessories (E.I. oil separa-
tors, oil filters etc.)
2. Design and Function
2.1 Construction Features
The Contour screw compressors are of
two-shaft rotary displacement design with
specifically developed profile geometry (lobe ratio
5:6 or 5:7). The main parts of these
compressors are the two rotors (male and
female) which are fitted into a closed housing. The
rotors are precisely located at both ends by roller
bearings (radial and axial) which, in conjunction with
the generously sized oil supply chambers, provides
optimum operating characteristics.
Owing to the specific design this type of
compressor does not require any working valves.
To protect against reverse running when the
compressor is switched off (expansion
operation) a check valve is incorporated in the
discharge chamber (this valve does not
however replace any check valves required by the
system design). Internal differential pressure relief
valves are fitted as over pressure protection.
©2000 Copeland Corporation
Printed in U.S.A.
The compressor is driven by a three-phase
asynchronous motor that is build into the extended
compressor housing. The motor rotor is located on
the shaft of the male screw rotor. Cooling is achieved
by cold refrigerant vapor that mainly flows across
the motor rotor, in addition to providing
cooling, this design also functions simultaneously
as a centrifugal liquid separator.
Side View
Top View
Figure 1
Semi Hermetic Screw Compressor
1. Male Rotor
2. Female Rotor
3. Rolling Contact Bearing
4. Check Valve
5. Capacity Control / Start Unloading Pistons
6. Automatic V1 Control
7. Internal Pressure Relief Valve
8. Oil Injection
9. Discharge Gas Temperature Sensor ( PTC )
10. Motor
11. Terminal Box
12. Motor Protective Device
2.2 Compression Procedure - Automatic VI
Control
The compression in a screw compressor takes place
in one direction (linear compression). The meshing
rotors enclose a working space whose volume is
continuously reduced as it moves in the axial direc-
tion. Refrigerant vapor is drawn in on the suction
side and subsequently compressed by the mesh-
ing action of the rotors in the enclosed working vol-
ume. As soon as this working volume is opened to
the discharge port, the vapor is discharged to the
high-pressure side and flows to the oil separator.
2

Caution: Screw compressors may only be
operated in one direction of rotation (reverse
rotation will cause severe damage)!
The very small gap (a few µ) between the rotors
themselves and the housing is dynamically sealed
with oil, the oil is directly injected into the profile
spaces, and to the roller bearings.
The size and geometry of the discharge port
determine the so-called “built-in volume ration (Vi)”
of the compressor. This ratio must be in a defined
relationship to the operating pressure ratio in order
to avoid losses in efficiency due to over or under
compression. For this reason screw compressors
are manufactured with different discharge port
configurations specific to the application.
With the Contour semi – hermetic screw
compressors a newly developed system for fully au-
tomatic Vi-control has been incorporated. The
discharge port is automatically optimized for the
nominal operating conditions (pressure ratio). With
a lower pressure ratio in the system a part of the
compressed gas flows directly to the discharge
chamber via a valve mechanism in the rotor
housing (by-passing the discharge port). The flow
volume remaining in the profiles is thus reduced,
the corresponding pressure is reduced and over
compression is avoided. This self-regulating
system achieves a high efficiency over a wide
application range.
P oc 2 1 Compression behavior
2 Losses due to over-compression
P2 3 3 Compression with Vi Control
1 generously sized ports to the suction side. A
P1 V1
Voc V1
Figure 2
Compressor Cyle
©2000 Copeland Corporation
Printed in U.S.A.
Copeland 4-1309
2.3 Capacity Control / Start Unloading
For the Contour Screw Compressors a new form
of regulating system has been developed. The
basic principle corresponds to that of a control slide
of large industrial compressors, a part of the
transported vapor flows back to the suction side of
the rotor chamber. In contrast to larger capacity
compressors the control unit is designed so that it
does not reduce the stability of the compressor hous-
ing. The gap between the rotors and the
housing thus remains within tight tolerances, even
with high operating temperatures and pressures.
This is an important stage of development and
ensures good overall efficiency of smaller screw com-
pressors, due to the higher precision and
tolerance demands.
Part Load Operation/Start Unloading Full Load Operation
Control Piston
Solenoid Coil
Solenoid Coil (De-energized) Control Oil
(Energized)
Figure 3
Capacity Control System Details
The control system consists of hydraulically
activated pistons for the male and female rotor, which
are flush with the end wall/housing during full load
operation. The same efficiencies/characteristics are
therefore guaranteed as with a compressor without
capacity control. Typical losses as with slider sys-
tems are avoided. During part load operation the
pistons move to the rear position and open
portion of the volume of gas compressed is thereby
transported back to the suction side. The system is
designed for 3 stages of regulation (100, 75, &
50 %). By the use of intermittent switching an
almost stepless characteristic can be achieved.
Control
Control is accomplished electrically via the
solenoid valves located on the discharge flange.
3
 Copeland 4-1309
Capacity Control

Compressor Model Full Load Step 1 Step 2 Start Unloading

(100%) (approx.75%)* (approx. 50%)*
SHM1-3000/3500/4000 CR=l
l CR=mm CR=m
m
SHL1-2000/2500/3000
SHM2-3000/3500/4000 CR1=l CR1=m CR1=m CR1=m
SHL2-2000/2500/3000 CR2=l CR2=l CR2=m CR2=m
SHM1-5000/6000 CR1=l CR1=m CR1=m CR1=m
SHL1-4000/5000 CR2=l CR2=l CR2=m CR2=m
SHM1-7000/8000/9000 CR1=l CR1=l CR1=m CR1=m
SHL1-6000/7000/7500 CR2=l CR2=m CR2=m CR2=m
* Effective capacity stages are dependent on operating conditions
l = Solenoid valve energized
m = Solenoid valve de-energized

CR CR2 CR1

Figure 4a Figure 4b
Location of Capacity Control Solenoids Location of Capacity Control Solenoids
SHM1 3000, 3500, 4000 SHM1 5000, 6000, 7000, 8000, 9000
SHL1 2000, 2500, 3000 SHL1 4000, 5000, 6000, 7000, 7500

2.4 Mounting the Compressor

The Contour Screw Compressor itself is provided

as a motor/compressor unit. It is only necessary to
mount the complete unit correctly and to make the
electrical and pipe connections.

The compressor must be installed horizontally. The

use of anti-vibration mounting pads is recommended
to reduce the transmission of noise or vibrations.
The anti-vibration mounting pads are packed
separately from the compressor.

Figure 4c With direct mounting on water-cooled condensers

Location of Capacity Control Solenoids the use of anti-vibration mounting is essential in
SHM2 3000, 3500, 4000 order to prevent possible stress fracturing of the heat
SHL2 2000, 2500, 3000 exchanger tubes.

The installation of the anti-vibration mounting pads

is shown in Figure 5. The bolts should only be
tightened so that deformation of the upper rubber
disc is just visible.
©2000 Copeland Corporation 4
Printed in U.S.A.
 Copeland 4-1309
compressor. The oil is then transported together with
the refrigerant vapor in the direction of
5
/8”
compression, where in addition to lubrication it also
forms a dynamic seal between the rotors and the
compressor housing and the rotors, to the
separator/reservoir. The oil and vapor are separated
in the upper portion of this vessel. The oil flow
downward to the reservoir section of the vessel
9
/16”

where it again flow to the compressor. The vapor

exits the top of the vessel and flow to the condenser.
Depending on operating conditions the circulating
Figure 5 oil will need to be cooled in an oil cooler. Under
Mounting Pad Installation certain conditions direct refrigerant injection can be
used to achieve the required oil cooling.

2.5 Oil Circulation
The compressor oil is obtained from the external oil
separator that also serves as the oil reservoir. Due
to the pressure difference between the separator/
reservoir and the injection point, an exactly
measured quantity of oil is injected into the
compression chamber and the bearings of the
The standard accessory kit of the Contour Screw
compressor includes the necessary items for the oil
injection line (oil filter, oil flow switch, oil solenoid
valve, sight glass and misc. fittings). In addition a
line of oil separators is also available. Oil cooling by
thermosyphon or Jet Kool principal is also
available but require individual design and
component selection.

12 13 1/4" ∅
1. Compressor
2. Oil filter
3. Oil flow switch
11 4. Oil solenoid valve
1 5. Oil sight glass
6. Oil separator/receiver
7. Oil level control
8. Oil thermostat
4 5 6 9. Oil heater
10. Oil cooler
(if required)
3 11. Check valve
FZ
12. Solenoid valve
(Off cycle by-pass)
2 7 13. Isolation valve

10 9 8

Figure 6
Oil Circuit

©2000 Copeland Corporation 5

Printed in U.S.A.
 Copeland 4-1309
2.6 Oil Cooling

In systems with higher thermal loading, oil cooling is required. The following operating conditions must be
considered:

• Minimum evaporating temperature

• Maximum suction gas superheat temperature
• Maximum condensing temperature
• System operation (capacity control, economizer operation, etc.)

Types of Oil Cooling

Figure 7a Figure 7b
Water-cooled oil cooling Air-cooled oil cooling

ECO

Figure 7c Figure 7d
Thermosyphon oil cooling Direct refrigerant Injection oil cooling

General Recommendations for Oil Coolers

• The oil cooler should be installed in close
proximity to the compressor.
• The piping should be designed so that no vapor
accumulations can occur and to eliminate the
possibility of the oil charge draining back to the
oil separator during shut down periods.
Preferably the oil cooler should be located be-
low the compressor/oil separator.
• Pressure drop on the oil side of the oil cooler
should be less than 7 psig during normal
operation.
©2000 Copeland Corporation
Printed in U.S.A.
• The oil flow solenoid valve should be installed
as close as possible to the compressor to limit
the amount of oil draining to the compressor
during shut down periods (eliminate the
possibility of flooding the compressor with oil).
• A full port ball valve should be installed in the oil
line after the oil cooler to facilitate servicing.
• The oil cooler must be thermostatically
controlled (see table)
6
 Copeland 4-1309

Sensor Location Refrigerant Temperature Setting

Nominal Maximum

R-22 54° above condensing 176°F

Temperature temperature
regulator for Discharge Gas Line
oil cooler 100° above condensing
R-134a 203°F
temperature
54° above condensing 176°F
R-22
temperature
Bypass valve Discharge Gas Line
100° above condensing
R-134a 185°F
temperature

• To facilitate the heating of the oil circuit and to
reduce the pressure drop with cold oil an oil by-
pass (or possibly heating of the oil cooler during
off cycle) is required under the following condi-
tions:
- When the oil temperature in the oil cooler
can drop below 68°F during a long off cycle.
- When the volume of oil in the oil cooler and
associated piping is greater than 7 gal.
Note: The oil bypass valve should have a
modulating control function. The use of solenoid
valves (intermittent control) requires a control
thermostat with high sensitivity and minimum switch-
ing differential (temperature fluctuation) of 20°.
Water Cooled Oil Cooler
Temperature control by the use of a thermostatic
water regulator (temperature range up to 212°F) is
recommended.
to 10% of the compressors refrigerating
capacity due to the dilution of the oil at higher
injection ratios.
• Only specially designed expansion valves that
regulate by discharge gas temperature are
suitable (Danfoss TEAT20, Sporlan Y1037, Alco
series 935) with a temperature setting of 195°F.
• The sensing bulb must be installed on the
discharge line approximately 8 inches from the
compressor. The pipe should be cleaned to a
“bright metal” and coated with heat transfer paste
and held in place with pipe clamps.
• To ensure bubble free liquid to the expansion
valve, the connection to the main liquid line
should be in a horizontal run and slope down
away from the main liquid line.
• Additional items required to be installed in the
injection line include; solenoid valve (wired in
parallel to the compressor motor), fine mesh
filter and liquid sight glass.
Thermosyphon Cooling

Air Cooled Oil Cooler Design and technical information available on

Temperature control by the use of a thermostatic
switch to turn on and off cooler fans or stepless
speed control of the fan motors is recommended
(temperature range up to 212°F).
Direct Refrigerant Injection
• This method of oil cooling is limited to an oil
cooling capacity (oil cooler load) that equivalent
request for specific applications.
3. Lubricants
In addition to lubrication oil also provides the
dynamic sealing of the rotors. Special demands
result from this with regard to viscosity, solubility and
foaming characteristics. Only approved oils may
therefore be used.

3.1 Table of Lubricants

Evaporating Condensing Viscosity Discharge
Refrigerant Temperature Temperature Oil type cSt @ 40 °F Temperature Manufacturer
HFC -4 to 70 °F 160 °F Solest 170 170 Approximately CPI
140 °F
Maximum
R22 -60 to 55 °F 140 °F CP-4214-150 150 CPI
212°F

©2000 Copeland Corporation 7

Printed in U.S.A.
 Copeland 4-1309
Important Considerations
The operating limits of the compressors must be
adhered to (refer to section 5.3).
• The lower limit value indicated for the discharge
gas temperature shown is only a reference
value. The discharge gas temperature must be
at least 54°F above the condensing
temperature.
• The sensor of the oil cooler temperature
controller must be installed on the discharge line
of the compressor approximately 8 inches from
the compressor. The thermostat or
regulator should be adjusted to maintain an oil
temperature that is 54°F above the condensing
temperature.
• Ester oils such as Solest 170 are extremely hy-
groscopic and careful handling is required.
Moisture is chemically bonded with these oils
and cannot, or only insignificantly, be removed
by evacuation. Dispose of waste oil in an
ecologically beneficial way (chloritic oil is
pollutive waste).
• A revised design may be necessary for
direct-expansion evaporators with finned tubes
on the refrigerant side (consultation with cooler
manufacturer).
The above information is intended as a guide for
general possible applications only. This information
does not have the purpose of confirming certain oil
characteristics or their suitability for a particular use.
3.2 Mixing Of Lubricants Oil Changes
Different lubricants may not be mixed without
agreement from Copeland Corp. Especially in the
case of an oil change, this is however only
necessary in exceptional cases for systems with
screw compressors using HCFC and HFC
refrigerants (acid formation, contaminated oil).
4. Incorporation into the Refrigeration Circuit
Semi hermetic screw compressors, SHM/SHL
series, can be used for all refrigeration systems from
air conditioning to low temperature
applications. The capacity range can be easily
expanded due to the simple and economic Cope-
land compound technology.
4.1 General Design Recommendation / Pipe Lay-
out
The screw compressors can be incorporated into
the system in a similar way to reciprocating
©2000 Copeland Corporation
Printed in U.S.A.
compressors. Only the oil circuit will differ. Piping
should be designed in compliance with accepted
criteria especially in regard to flow velocities (oil
return). The pipe layout and the system
construction must be designed so that the
compressor cannot be flooded with oil or liquid
refrigerant during shutdown periods. A simple
safeguard against this is to first pipe the discharge
and suction lines downward from the compressor.
As an additional precaution (also provides simple
protection against liquid slugging during starting)
for systems with direct expansion either a
gooseneck after the evaporator or installation of the
compressor above the level of the evaporator is
required (not essential with “pump down”
system). A solenoid valve should also be installed
in the liquid line directly before the expansion valve.
The use of flooded evaporators with HCFC/HFC
refrigerants require a separate oil return from the
evaporator or low pressure receiver. TH e bleed
point (preferably several) should be located in the
oil rich liquid phase. The oil should be returned to
the suction of the compressor, but only after the
liquid refrigerant has been evaporated. In systems
with widely varying liquid levels, such as liquid over
feed systems, a bleed point from the lowest point
after the circulating pump should be used.
Further Recommendations for Unit Construction
and Pipe Layouts
Due to the low level of vibration and discharge gas
pulsation, the suction and discharge lines can
usually be installed without flexible connections or
mufflers. The piping must however be sufficiently
flexible and must not exert any strain on the
compressor. Pipe runs parallel to the compressor
are preferred. The distance from the compressor
axis should be kept as small as possible and the
parallel section of piping should be at least as long
as the compressor.
An oil heater is installed in the sump section of the
oil separator to prevent high concentrations of re-
frigerant diluting the oil during shutdown periods.
An adjustable thermostat that should be set at
approximately 160°F. controls the heater. In
addition, an off cycle by-pass that reduces the
pressure in the oil separator to suction pressure
and reduces the refrigerant saturation of the oil,
can also be installed. An added benefit to this is to
additional reduce the start loading of the
compressor. A check valve after the oil separator,
and a ¼” Ø equalizing line, with a solenoid valve,
between the oil separator and the suction of the
compressor must be installed. The solenoid can only
be opened when all the compressors in the system
are off.
8

A generously sized good quality liquid line filter drier
is required to provide the system with a high degree
of dehydration and help maintain the chemical
stability of the system.
The installation of a suction filter (25 µ) is
recommended to protect the compressor from
damage due to dirt or debris especially during the
initial start of the system.
6 mm (1/4")
5 cedure and then to start it again after a pressure
1 7
6
FZ
TC
LZ
3 2
8
4 4.3 Condenser Pressure Regulation
PC
9
Figure 8
Typical Application
4.2 Guide Lines for Special System Consider-
ations
In installations where the system is exposed to low
ambient temperatures or the high pressure side is
exposed to high temperatures (heat pumps),
additional insulation of the oil separator is required.
In systems where the where the compressor or the
suction line/accumulator can reach a lower
temperature than the evaporator a pump down cycle
must be employed.
For systems with multi-circuit condensers and/or
evaporators additional safeguards are necessary.
When individual circuits are turned off, liquid
refrigerant will migrate to the evaporator/ condenser
(temperature and pressure equalization is not
possible), the installation of an additional check valve
in the discharge line and an automatic sequential
switching arrangement for the compressor are
required. The same also applies for plants with
individual circuits where temperature and pressure
equalization cannot occur during long shutdown
periods. In some cases it may be necessary to
install a suction accumulator or utilize a pump down
circuit.
Systems with reverse cycling or hot gas defrost
require individually designed safeguards to protect
the compressor against liquid slugging and increased
oil carry-over. In addition a complete system review
©2000 Copeland Corporation
Printed in U.S.A.
Copeland 4-1309
is recommended. A suction accumulator should be
installed to protect against liquid slugging. To avoid
increased oil carry-over, due to a rapid reduction of
pressure in the oil separator, it is necessary to
maintain the oil temperature is at least 54 to 72°F
above the condensing temperature, during the
change over. In addition the installation of a
pressure regulator directly after the oil separator is
recommended to limit the reduction in pressure. Un-
der certain circumstances it is also possible to stop
the compressor shortly before the change over pro-
PRV
equalization has taken place. The compressor must
be operating with the necessary minimum pressure
differential within 30 seconds (see application limits,
TC
section 6.3).
In order to guarantee consistent good quality oil
supply to the compressor and to maintain oil
separator efficiency a closely stepped or stepless
condenser pressure regulation is required. Rapid
depressurization of the oil separator can lead to
excessive foaming, oil migration and possible shut
down by the oil level sensor. Insufficient oil supply
and corresponding shutdown can also occur with
insufficient of delayed build up of condenser
pressure. An additional pressure regulator in the
discharge line, after the oil separator, may be
necessary with the following operating conditions:
• Extreme part load conditions and/or long shut
down periods with outdoor installation of the
condenser in low ambient areas.
• High suction pressure during start up in
conjunction with low temperatures of the heat
transfer fluid on the high-pressure side, critical
start conditions.
• Hot gas defrost, reverse cycle operation.
• Booster applications, low pressure differention
from suction to discharge.
4.4 Start Unloading
Due to the compression characteristics of screw
compressors, high suction pressure during start up
can lead to high mechanical loading and insufficient
oil supply. Effective unloading is therefore
necessary. In addition, compressors of this size and
capacity usually require a means to reduce the
starting current, such as part winding starting.
Start unloading can be achieved by the following
methods:
• Integrated start unloading, see section 2.3.
Standard on all SHM & SHL compressors.
9
 Copeland 4-1309
• Limited start unloading is possible by the use
of an off cycle by-pass, see General
Recommendations section 4.1, with low
temperature operation in conjunction with a
pressure limiting TX-valve or a crankcase
pressure regulator. This method is however
limited to single compressor systems of
specifically designed parallel compressor
systems.
4.6 Parallel operation
The Copeland Contour SHM & SHL series
compressors are particularly suitable for parallel op-
eration due to the use of the external oil
separator/receiver.
Important advantages of the Copeland Contour
compound technology:

NOTE: An external start unloading bypass as is
typically used with reciprocating compressors
cannot be utilized with screw compressors due to
possible damage of the compressor.
4.5 Capacity Regulation
The requirement for capacity regulation is
dependent on the system design and requirements.
The following methods are available:
• Integrated capacity regulation, see section 2.3.
Standard on all SHM & SHL compressors
• Frequency Inverter
• Parallel operation, see section 4.6, possibly
combined with any of the above methods.
• Extension to the limited capacity provided by a
single compressor, up to six (6) compressors
can be compounded.
• Compounding compressors of similar or
differing capacities.
• Possible to compound systems with differing
suction temperatures.
• Extended capacity regulation.
• Simple oil distribution with single oil separator/
receiver.
• Higher degree of operational safety, not
dependent on a single compressor.
• Simple and economical installation.
Oil separators and other accessories are available
that allow up to six (6) compressors in a single cir-
cuit.

2 1

FZ FZ FZ 3 FZ

PRV
4
6 7

LZ TC

TC
8

Figure 9
Parallel compounding with a common oil separator and a water-cooled oil

©2000 Copeland Corporation 10

Printed in U.S.A.
 Copeland 4-1309

1
2

FZ FZ FZ 3 FZ

PRV
4 7
6

LZ TC
ϑ

10

12

Figure 10
Parallel compounding with a common oil separator and a air-cooled oil cooler

t0 < t0 >
5

2 1

FZ FZ FZ 3 FZ

PRV
4 7
6

LZ TC

TC TC
8

Figure 11
Parallel compounding for varying suction temperatures

©2000 Copeland Corporation 11

Printed in U.S.A.
 Copeland 4-1309

2 1

FZ FZ FZ 3 FZ

4
6

LZ TC

11

TC TC
8 12

Figure 12
Parallel compounding with common oil separator, water-cooled oil cooler and oil pump

Legend
1 – Compressor 7 – Condensing Pressure Regulator (if required)
2 – Oil Solenoid Valve 8 – Water Cooled Oil Cooler
3 – Oil Flow Switch 9 – Condenser
4 – Oil Filter 10 – Air Cooled Oil Cooler
5 – Off Cycle By-pass 11 – Oil Pump
6 – Oil Separator with Heater & level control 12 – Mixing Valve

4.7 Economizer Operation temperatures, low and medium temperatures as an

Copeland Contour compressors are equipped with
an additional inlet connection for Economizer
Operation. Economizing can be accomplished by
either utilizing a subcooling circuit or two stage
refrigerant expansion. This mode of operation
increases the refrigeration capacity as well as the
ef ficiency of the system. The higher the
compression ratios the greater the benefits of this
mode of operation will be.
example, or for systems that require especially low
evaporating temperatures.
Typical applications would include large flooded
central systems with low pressure receivers and
pumped circulation, blast freezers which may
operate as a single stage system during the initial
phase, relatively high evaporating temperatures, but
must also provide high capacity and efficiency at low
evaporating temperatures, final phase.

4.8 Two-Stage Systems
Although screw compressors can be efficiently used
with high compression ratios, there are a number of
applications where two-stage compression can be
beneficial. This type of system is particularly
beneficial for systems with different suction
©2000 Copeland Corporation
Printed in U.S.A.
Compressor Design
• High pressure stage: SHM series
• Low pressure stage: SHL series
• Special booster design
• Operation without an oil pump requires a
minimum differential pressure of 36 psi with a
maximum pressure drop in the oil line from the
separator to the compressor of 5 psi
12
 Copeland 4-1309

PRV 2 1
LP HP
3
FZ FZ FZ

PRV
4 7
6

LZ TC LZ TC
PC

9
TC
8

11

Figure 13
Two stage system with independent low and high pressure compressors

5. Electrical The following current values appear in the part

windings:
5.1 Motor Design PW1 PW2
50% 50%
The compressors are supplied as standard with part
winding motors (“PW”). Both of the contactors should be selected for at least
60% of the maximum operating current.
Starting methods (connections according to Fig. 14):

• Part winding start to reduce the starting cur- Part - Winding Start Direct – On – Line Start
rent
• Direct on-line start (DOL) PW2 PW2

T1 T1
5.2 Selection of Electrical Components 7
L1
When selecting cables, contactors and fuses the 1 1
maximum operating current / maximum motor power 8 L1 L1
must be used (see section 6.2). L2
2 2
Note: Nominal power is not the same as maximum 9 L2 L2
motor power. L3
3 3
L3 L3

T2 T2

Figure 14
Motor Connections
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5.3 Protection Devices Semi-Hermetic Screw Compressors

The Copeland Contour screw compressors uses the Medium Low

ESC-200 protection device, see form no. 99-19 for Temperature Temperature Displacement
features, installation and operating instructions. Applications Applications CFH
SHM1-3000 SHL1-2000 3,567
6. Selection of Compressor SHM2-3000 SHL2-2000 3,567
SHM1-3500 SHL1-2500 4,273
SHM2-3500 SHL2-2500 4,273
6.1 Compressor Summary SHM1-4000 SHL1-3000 5,015
SHM2-4000 SHL2-3000 5,015
Copeland at present offers 16 different semi hermetic SHM1-5000 SHL1-4000 5,933
screw compressors and thereby covers an exten- SHM1-6000 SHL1-5000 6,992
sive range of applications. With the ability of parallel SHM1-7000 SHL1-6000 8,193
compounding of up to 6 compressors on a single SHM1-8000 SHL1-7000 9,394
SHM1-9000 SHL1-7500 10,665
circuit, the capacity range can be significantly ex-
tended and a high operational reliability and the best
efficiency under part load conditions can be achieved

6.2 Technical Data

Compressor Capacity Connection Sizes Dimensions

Model No. Motor H.P. Control Weight Suction Discharge LxWxH
SHM1-3000 30 100%, 75% 375 1 5/8” 2 1/8” 29.8 x 17.05 x 16.93
SHL1-2000 20 366
SHM2-3000 30 100% 375 1 5/8” 2 1/8” 29.8 x 17.05 x 16.93
SHL2-2000 20 75%, 50% 366
SHM1-3500 35 100%, 75% 385 1 5/8” 2 1/8” 29.8 x 17.23 x 16.93
SHL1-2500 25 374
SHM2-3500 35 100% 385 1 5/8” 2 1/8” 29.8 x 17.23 x 16.93
SHL2-2500 25 75%, 50% 374
SHM1-4000 40 100%, 75% 400 1 5/8” 2 1/8” 29.8 x 17.23 x 16.93
SHL1-3000 30 392
SHM2-4000 40 100% 400 1 5/8” 2 1/8” 29.8 x 17.23 x 16.93
SHL2-3000 30 75%, 50% 392
SHM1-5000 50 100% 524 1 5/8” 2 1/8” 35.98 x 20.00 x 17.13
SHL1-4000 40 75%, 50% 515
SHM1-6000 60 100% 541 1 5/8” 2 1/8” 35.98 x 20.00 x 17.13
SHL1-5000 50 75%, 50% 524
SHM1-7000 70 100% 671 2 1/8” 3 1/8” 40.20 x 20.59 x 16.62
SHL1-6000 60 75%, 50% 653
SHM1-8000 80 100% 691 2 1/8” 3 1/8” 40.20 x 20.59 x 16.62
SHL1-7000 70 75%, 50% 682
SHM1-9000 90 100% 739 2 1/8” 3 1/8” 43.03 x 20.59 x 16.62
SHL1-7500 75 75%, 50% 717 41.06 x 20.59 x 16.62

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Electrical Ratings
Low Temperature Applications Medium Temperature Applications
Compressor Voltage LRA RLA MCC MCC Compressor Voltage LRA RLA MCC MCC
Model No. R-22 R-404A Model No. R-22 R-404A
SHL1-2000 208/230 492 81 114 SHM1-3000 208/230 436 92 106 130
460 246 41 57 460 218 46 53 65
575 N/A N/A N/A N/A 575 N/A N/A N/A N/A
SHL2-2000 208/230 492 81 114 SHM2-3000 208/230 436 92 106 130
460 246 41 57 460 218 46 53 65
575 N/A N/A N/A N/A 575 N/A N/A N/A N/A
SHL1-2500 208/230 436 85 120 SHM1-3500 208/230 532 121 138 170
460 218 42 60 460 266 60 69 85
575 N/A N/A N/A N/A 575 N/A N/A N/A N/A
SHL2-2500 208/230 436 85 120 SHM2-3500 208/230 532 121 138 170
460 218 42 60 460 266 60 69 85
575 N/A N/A N/A N/A 575 N/A N/A N/A N/A
SHL1-3000 208/230 532 104 146 SHM1-4000 208/230 622 130 156 182
460 266 52 73 460 311 65 78 91
575 N/A N/A N/A N/A 575 N/A N/A N/A N/A
SHL2-3000 208/230 532 104 146 SHM2-4000 208/230 622 130 156 182
460 266 52 73 460 311 65 78 91
575 N/A N/A N/A N/A 575 N/A N/A N/A N/A
SHL1-4000 208/230 655 136 228 SHM1-5000 208/230 743 165 215 258
460 313 65 109 460 355 79 103.6 124
575 N/A N/A N/A N/A 575 N/A N/A N/A N/A
SHL1-5000 208/230 743 165 240 SHM1-6000 208/230 939 205 278 334
460 355 79 115 460 449 98 133 160
575 N/A N/A N/A N/A 575 N/A N/A N/A N/A
SHL1-6000 208/230 939 186 247 SHM1-7000 208/230 1015 251 280 295
460 449 89 118 460 485 120 134 141
575 N/A N/A N/A N/A 575 N/A N/A N/A N/A
SHL1-7000 208/230 1015 215 299 SHM1-8000 208/230 1224 263 293 343
460 485 103 143 460 585 126 140 164
575 N/A N/A N/A N/A 575 N/A N/A N/A N/A
SHL1-7500 208/230 1224 249 314 SHM1-9000 208/230 1435 305 341 358
460 585 119 150 460 686 146 163 171
575 N/A N/A N/A N/A 575 N/A N/A N/A N/A

6.3 Application Ranges

R-22 Operating Envelope R-404A/R-507 Operating Envelope

140 140
SCT[°F] SCT [°F]
120 120
SHM SHM
SHL SHL
100 100

80 80

60 60
SH=40°F SH=40°F

40 40
-60 -40 -20 0 20 SST40 [°F] 60 -60 -40 -20 0 20 SST 40 [°F] 60

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6.4 Screw Compressor Accessories

Compressor Applications Kit (one required per compressor)

Kit includes: oil filter housing, oil filter element, flow switch, solenoid valve & coil, sight glass, rotation switch
with vibration damper, fittings and O-rings.

SHM SHL 115 volt 230 volt

Series 1 30/35/40 HP Series 1 20/25/30 HP 560-0001-01 560-0001-00
Series 2 30/35/40 HP Series 2 20/25/30 HP 560-0001-06 560-0001-07
Series 1 50/60 HP Series 1 40/50 HP 560-0001-03 560-0001-02
Series 1 70/80/90 HP Series 1 60/70/75 HP 560-0001-05 560-0001-04

Electronic Module (one required per compressor)

ESC200 Standard Module 560-0002-00

ESC200E Eschelon Module 560-0002-01

Oil Separator Kit (one required per pack)

Oil Separator 115 volt 230 volt
18 liter low profile (1-2 compressors) 560-0003-00 560-0003-01
18 liter top outlet (1-2 compressors) 560-0003-02 560-0003-03
40 liter top outlet (up to 3 compressors) 560-0003-04 560-0003-05
90 liter top outlet (up to 6 compressors) 560-0003-06 560-0003-07
140 liter top outlet (up to 6 compressors) 560-0003-08 560-0003-09

Oil Separator Kit (one required per pack)

Size Low Temperature Medium Temperature
Maximum CFH Maximum CFH
18 Liter 10,600 CFH 7,770 CFH
40 liter 23,300 CFH 15,540 CFH
90 liter 46,615 CFH 31,080 CFH
140 liter 46,615 CFH 46,615 CFH

Compressors listed in U.L. File No. SA 7129

The following models require a Furnas 958 Overload Relay;
• SHL1-4000/5000/6000/7000/7500
• SHM1-5000/6000/7000/8000/9000

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6.5 Dimensional Drawings

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©2000 Copeland Corporation 26 Copeland Corporaton

Printed in U.S.A. Sidney, Ohio 45365-0669