C1 Grammar Syllabus

and Exercises
Grammar Syllabus
TENSES
Simple Present
They always watch a film.
He works as a teacher.
The sun rises in the east.
If I see him, I will tell him.
In case more guests come, I will cook more.
When he finishes work, he will go out.
No matter what he says, I won’t do it.
Wherever he goes, I will find him.
The bus leaves at 10 tomorrow.
John passes the ball to Simon.
Present Continuous
They are taking a test now.
They are flying tomorrow.
He is working hard these days.
She is forever/always shouting at the students.
He is getting taller and taller.
Simple Past
He called me yesterday/two days ago etc.
She cooked, cleaned the house and washed the dishes.
How long ago did he leave?
They always went out on Saturday night.
It is time/high time/about time he left.
I’d rather she studied more.
I wish I had more free time.
If he had more money, he’d buy a car.
He talks as if he were a lawyer.
He has been here since he graduated.
While he was watching TV, the phone rang.
He told me that he found a job.
As soon as he came in, I told him the news.
Used to do / be used / be accustomed to doing
When I was in college, I used to wake up early.
I was used/accustomed to waking up early. =
I was in the habit of waking up early.
Be used to / haven’t got used to
I am used to living in the city. = I have got used to living
in the city.
Used to do/ would do
She used to go the gym, but now she prefers to go
jogging.
Whenever he visited me, he would bring/brought
flowers.
She would always have/always had breakfast
Past Continuous
She was working when I called.
He was working while she was having fun.
They were studying from 4 till 6 yesterday.
He was having dinner at 8 o’clock yesterday.
She was forever fighting with her brother.
She was getting better and better.
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C1
I was wondering if I could come later.
Present Perfect
He has disappeared.
He has already / just left.
She has always/never wanted a bicycle.
Has she ever visited Paris?
He has done two exercises so far/up to now.
He has been here since 2010.
He has been here since he graduated.
She has worked in London for ten years.
She hasn’t talked to him in two months.
It is/has been ten years since I (last) saw him.
How long is it/has it been since he left?
How long has he studied English?
I have seen him recently/lately.
She has called him several times this week.
This is the first time he has (ever) travelled.
This is the best film he has (ever) seen.
He has never seen such a good film before.
He hasn’t finished his work yet.
Have you cooked yet?
He has yet to finish his work.
He still hasn’t done his homework.
I have been to Italy before.
I have been in Italy for ten years.
He has gone to Italy. He is coming back next week.
I have been here for ten days vs I am here for ten days
Present Perfect Continuous
He has been talking on the phone for 3 hours.
She has been living in London since 2010.
She has been living in London since she finished
college.
He looks tired. He has been working hard.
How long have you been reading this book
Simple Future
I think/believe/assume/expect/doubt/ hope that he will
find a job.
One day, she will travel to Africa.
The theatre will open in the summer.
I’m sure that she will pass.
It is likely/possible that she will retire.
Maybe/Perhaps, he will be on time.
“There’s no bread.” “I will go to the bakery.”
Don’t talk or she will hear you.
If you do this again, I will tell your parents.
It will be cold tomorrow.
Shall I carry this box for you?
Shall we go out?
Where shall I entertain my friends?
Let’s watch a film, shall we?
Let me clean your car, will you/won’t you?
Get good marks and I will buy you a phone.
Will you drive me to the centre?
When she grows up, she will become a doctor.
Esolnet Hellas
Grammar Syllabus
In case more people come, I will cook more.
If she studies a lot, she will pass.
No matter what he says, I won’t do it.
Wherever he goes, I will find him.
am going to do
He is going to do his homework tonight.
She is pregnant. She is going to give birth in
three months.
Other forms to express the future
He is about to leave.
She is on the point of starting her own business.
The bus is due (to arrive) in an hour.
He is bound to find out the truth.
Future Continuous
He will be studying for ten hours tomorrow.
At this time tomorrow, he will be swimming.
Will you be working tomorrow?
As usual, she will be meeting her friends on Saturday.
Future Perfect
She will have done all the work by 7 tomorrow.
By the time/ When he comes, I will have finished.
She will have prepared dinner before the guests arrive.
Future Perfect Continuous
By next year, he will have been playing tennis for 10
years.
By the time mum comes, she will have been doing the
housework for 4 hours.
Past Perfect
She had met him before she went to college.
After she had retired, she travelled a lot.
By lunchtime yesterday, he had finished painting the
house.
By the time I called, he had left.
This was the best book I had read.
I had never seen such a bad film before.
It was the first time he had lied to me.
He said that she had seen him a month before.
I wish she had told me the truth.
I would rather they had come on time.
If she had had time, she’d have visited me.
She talked to me as if she had known me.
Past Perfect Continuous
She had been talking on the phone for an hour before I
came in.
After she had been driving around for an hour, she found
the hotel.
By lunchtime yesterday, he had been painting the room
for three hours.
By the time I arrived home, he had been working in the
garden for three hours.
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C1
His hands were dirty because he had been trying to fix
the car.
He told me that she had been studying all night.
I wish he had been paying more attention during
yesterday’s lesson.
If he had been paying attention to the lesson, he would
have understood it.
I would rather she had been behaving better.
Stative Verbs: No continuous tenses
Hear, feel, see, taste, smell, sound, desire, adore, like,
dislike, hate, loathe, detest, need, want, wish, belong,
have, own, possess, contain, cost, measure, weigh, look,
believe, understand, think that, consider, regard as,
doubt, expect that, forget, remember, imagine, know,
prefer, realize, recognise, guess, suppose, suspect,
appear, seem, consist, depend, deserve, fit, matter, mean,
owe, trust, be
But
She is not feeling well today.
The soup tastes/smells nice.
She is seeing her friends tonight.
She is having a great time.
She is measuring the table.
He is weighing the potatoes.
She is looking at him.
He is thinking of moving.
She is considering buying a car.
I am expecting an answer.
He is appearing on a television show.
She is depending on him to help her.
He is fitting new cupboards.
He is being naughty today.
Unreal Past
Present
I wish he were here today.
*I wish he would stop talking.(complaint)
I’d rather/sooner she didn’t visit me today.
She treats me as if/though I were her son.
If I had more money, I would travel.
It is time for him to find a job=It’s time he found a job.
It is high time/about time he found a job.
Past
I wish she had come to my party yesterday.
I’d rather/sooner she had visited me yesterday..
She treated me as if/.though I had been her son.
If I had had more money, I would have travelled.
Esolnet Hellas
Grammar Syllabus C1

TENSES and UNREAL PAST

1. I’ve had enough of him. He ………. me for 11. It is high time ………. harder for the exams.
everything that goes wrong. A. to work
A. has blamed B. for them to work
B. is forever blaming C. they worked
C. would be blaming 12. The moment she ………. the good news, she’ll be
2. Take an umbrella with you in case it ………. . thrilled.
A. rains A. will hear
B. will rain B. is hearing
C. is raining C. hears
3. How long ………. since you last went to the 13. It is ages since they ……… on a holiday.
theatre? A. have been
A. is it B. went
B. would it C. had been
C. ago was it 14. She ………. on the phone for an hour now.
4. They would rather their children ……….. television A. is talking
so much. B. has talked
A. not watch C. has been talking
B. didn’t watch 15. She is only 16, but she talks as if she ……… much
C. don’t watch older.
5. My children are usually well-behaved, but today A. were
they ………. very naughty. B. is
A. have been C. must be
B. are being 16. She ………. cleaning the house until the children
C. are to being had gone to school.
6. She wishes she ……. to the meeting last night. A. didn’t start
A. went B. hadn’t started
B. had gone C. weren’t starting
C. would have gone 17. By 2018, he ………. enough money to buy a new
7. She can’t go out with him this evening because she car.
…….. her dentist. A. will save
A. will see B. is saving
B. is seeing C. will have saved
C. will have seen 18. It was the first time I ………. such an interesting
8. He felt very tired because he ………. on his paper exhibition.
for hours. A. went
A. was working B. have gone
B. worked C. had gone
C. had been working 19. He’d rather she ………. to another city. He feels
9. The next time you ………. fun of her, you’ll be lonely now.
expelled. A. doesn’t move
A. will make B. wouldn’t move
B. are making C. hadn’t moved
C. make 20. They felt sleepy because they ……… getting up
10. At this time yesterday, they ………. to Rome. early in the morning.
A. were flying A. didn’t used to
B. flew B. weren’t used to
C. were used to flying C. hadn’t used

4|P age Esolnet Hellas

Grammar Syllabus
MODALS
Ability
She can speak two foreign languages.
She is able to run fast.
She has got the ability to draw portraits.
She can help me tomorrow.
She will be able to finish the project soon.
When he was young, he could run fast.
When he was young, he had the ability to run fast.
Could do vs was able to do
He could write fast.
He was able to drive after 20 driving lessons. = He
managed to drive after 20 driving lessons=He
succeeded in driving after 20 driving lessons.
He couldn’t speak English. =He wasn’t able to speak
English.
Possibility
She may/might/could come later.
She may be sleeping now.
She may have lied yesterday.
She may have been working since morning.
There may be a problem.
There may have been problems.
She may have been deceived.
Roads at this time of the year can be slippery.
Perhaps/maybe, she will come later.
It is possible/likely that she will come later.
She is likely to come later.
She is likely to have been working all night.
Assumption
She must be tired.
She must be making a lot of money.
She must have been upset.
He must have been working hard.
He can’t be tired.
He can’t be telling you the truth.
He can’t / couldn’t have seen her.
She can’t/couldn’t have been studying.
I (don’t) suppose/ think/ believe / assume he left.
I am (not) sure he left.
5|P age
C1
Advice
You should work harder.
You ought to revise your notes.
You had better drive slowly.
It would be better (for you) to take the train.
It would be better if you went to the dentist.
You would be better off wearing a coat.
You would be better off I you told the truth.
It is time for you to rest.
It is time/high time/about time you relaxed.
It’s advisable to exercise.
It would be a good idea for you to smoke less.
It would be a good idea if you bought a bike.
If I were you, I would join the sports club.
Why don’t you read a book?
Criticism
You should/ought to have prepared for the test.
You should / ought to have been listening to him.
It would have been better to follow/ if you had
followed her advice.
You would have been better off following / if you had
followed her advice.
Why didn’t you do what he wanted?
Necessity
You (don’t) need to find a job
It’s (not) necessary to talk about it.
It is (not) necessary that you (should) come.
You (don’t) have to help him.
There is no need to hurry.
You needn’t answer the phone.
Do you need to find a job?
Is it necessary to talk about it?
Need he come for an interview?
Obligation
They must obey the rules.
I must stop smoking.
He has to do a lot of homework.
She is/was to write an essay.
She is/was supposed to write an essay.
He had to save money for the trip.
Prohibition
You mustn’t talk loudly.
Esolnet Hellas
Grammar Syllabus C1

He is not to smoke here.

It’s forbidden/prohibited / not allowed to park here.
It’s against the law/the rules to exceed the limit.
Smoking in public places is forbidden/prohibited/ not
allowed.
Suggestions
Shall we watch a film?
What/how about watching a film?
Why don’t we watch a film?
Why not watch a film?
Permission /Concession
Can/May/Could/Might I turn up the radio?
Do you mind my turning/ if I turn on the radio?
Would you mind my turning/if I turned on the radio?
I was wondering if I could turn on the radio.
Yes, you may/can/could do it.
No, you may/can/could not do it.
Offers
Can I carry the suitcase for you?
Shall I carry the suitcase for you?
I will carry the suitcase for you.

Requests
Can/Could/ Will/Would open the door?

Dare
He daren’t call me at night.
Dare you ignore your boss?
Don’t you dare speak to me like this again.

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Grammar Syllabus C1

Modals and Infinitives

1. What ………. to make his teacher expel him? 11. He ……… overcome all the obstacles.
A. he could do A. was able to
B. might he have done B. succeeded to
C. you think he may do C. may be
2. It’s a nice day. Why ………. for a bike ride in the 12. He would have been better …... attention in class.
park? A. to pay
A. not go B. off paying
B. shall we C. unless he paid
C. needn’t we 13. She had an accident. She shouldn’t ………. so fast.
3. She didn’t pass her driving test. She ………. have A. drive
practised more. B. have been driving
A. must C. be driving
B. had better 14. I was wondering if you ……… turn off the TV. I’m
C. should studying.
4. There ………. to have been a lot of applications for A. could
the position. B. would
A. is said C. might
B. appears 15. ……… I help you with the cooking?
C. are likely A. Will
5. She looks tired. She must ……. hard for hours. B. Would
A. have worked C. Shall
B. have been working 16. There’s nothing interesting to watch on TV so we
C. be working ………. go to bed.
6. He had lied to her so many times that she ………. A. need to
no longer put up with him. B. may as well
A. was unable to C. ought
B. ought 17. John didn’t go to work. He ………. ill.
C. could A. may be
7. ‘Dad is not answering the phone.” “He must B. must have been
………. .” C. should be
A. be sleeping 18. She suggested he ……… healthier food.
B. have been sleeping A. must eat
C. sleep B. eat
8. It is unlikely ………. as he is happy with his current C. may eat
job. 19. They ………. swimming every day last summer.
A. to resign A. would go
B. he’ll resign B. were going
C. for him to resign C. might go
9. You ………. make any more copies of your 20. Don’t you dare ………. at me again.
research paper. A. shouting
A. don’t need B. to shout
B. needn’t C. shout
C. haven’t
10. She …… him. He had always been there for her.
A. shall not betray
B. can’t have betrayed
C. shouldn’t be betraying

7|P age Esolnet Hellas

Grammar Syllabus
INFINITIVE
Active Voice
(sm) (not) (to) do
(sm) (not) (to) be doing
(sm) (not) (to) have done
(sm) (not) (to) have been doing
Passive Voice
(sm) (not) (to) be done
(sm) (not) (to) have done
Verbs + Infinitive
He agreed to help me.
He needed to work.
She attempted/tried to jump.
She can’t afford to buy a car.
She has decided to move.
He demanded to know the questions.
She expected to get a job.
She happened to know the answer.
He offered to drive me to work.
She is planning to go on holidays.
She pretends to be innocent.
She promised to come on time.
She hesitated to answer the question.
She refused to lend her car to him.
She hopes to succeed.
She remembered to lock the door.
She forgot to lock the door.
She intends to travel abroad.
She seems/appears to be upset.
She is learning to drive.
She used to be an athlete.
She managed to climb up the mountain.
She didn’t mean to hurt you.
He wanted to retire.
He wishes to see the manager.
She threatened to expel them.
I am sorry to tell you that you are not hired.
I regret to tell you that you are not hired.
On the way home, he stopped to buy bread.
He was compelled to work overtime.
He proceeded to tell them the whole story.
He tends to forget.
He deserves to be told the truth.
He is believed/thought/said to have resigned.
She advised him to practice more.
She allowed/permitted him to go out.
She asked him to cook.
8|P age
C1
He begged her to forgive her.
The teacher commanded them to sit down.
She encouraged him to keep trying.
She forbade them to leave the building.
He instructed them to wait outside his office.
She warned him not to drive in the storm.
She invited them to come to dinner.
First she talked about the trip and then she went on to
talk about her new job.
He ordered them to be quiet.
She reminded him to post the letter.
She urged them revise the notes.
She recommended him to read this book.
She wanted them to wear warm clothes.
She wanted there to be silence.
She prefers to stay home.
She would like/love/hate/prefer to go out.
She dared/ challenged me to join the Marathon.
She was seen to open your bag.
He was heard to call your name.
They were made to stay after class.
He got them to tidy up their room.
They were allowed to leave the room.
She got him to redo the exercise.
Adjectives + infinitive
I am afraid to walk alone at night.
He was happy/delighted to meet them.
She was glad to participate in the project.
She was pleased to hear that she passed.
The exercise was difficult/easy to solve.
He was proud to be a good student.
She was eager/willing to help out.
She was surprised to hear the news.
He was fortunate/lucky to have met her.
She felt ready to live on her own.
He was satisfied to have applied for the job.
He was prepared to fight for his rights.
She will be disappointed to hear you’re leaving.
She was amazed to hear he had won.
He was the first/last to leave the party.
She is likely to resign soon.
She is obliged to finish all the work today.
She was sad to turn 60.
He is able/unable to drive.
Esolnet Hellas
Grammar Syllabus C1

Bare Infinitive Question words to do

She dared not talk to the teacher rudely. He doesn’t know what to do.
I saw her open your bag. She didn’t know who to talk to.
I heard him call your name. So adjective as to do
She made them stay after class.
He had them tidy up their room. He was so kind as to help me with homework.
She let them leave the room.
He watched her open the door. To tell you the truth, I didn’t go to work today.
She noticed him lift the briefcase. To cut a long story short, she disappeared.
She observed him steal the money. To be honest, I can’t reveal her secret.
She would rather go to the theatre.
He may/could/should do his homework.
They had better eat at home. It Noun to do
Rather than watch a film, he chose to play.
Why not play computer games? It was a pleasure to be with you.
Why argue with your parents? It was my honour to work with you.
She helped me (to) carry my shopping.
He does nothing all day but/except sleep.
Short Infinitive forms
They only thing he can do is (to) resign.
The only thing to do is (to) resign. Would you like to join me? I’d love to.
All he can do is (to) resign.
Could he have helped her? He could have.
What he can do is (to) resign.

Infinitive + preposition
It is Adjective to do
Having a great time is all you should look forward to.
It is nice to see you.
It is dangerous to be talking to strangers.
Purpose

Adjective/Adverb enough to do We left earlier in order to/so as to/to catch the bus.
Enough Noun to do
She is old enough to travel on her own.
only to do
She speaks loudly enough to hear her.
She’s got enough patience to be a teacher. He went to the office only to find no one.

Too adjective / adverb to do

He is too young to drive.

She talks too fast to understand her.

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Grammar Syllabus C1

GERUND

Active Voice I was/got used to living in a flat.

He was /got accustomed to flying.
(one’s) (not) doing He anticipated having a holiday.
(one’s) (not) having done

He was in favour of going to the cinema.

Passive Voice
(one’s) (not) being done
(one’s) (not) having been done
Verbs + doing
She likes/loves/enjoys painting.
He hates/dislikes/detests/loathes/resents washing the
dishes.
She resisted being arrested.
He admitted (to) cheating.
She accused him of stealing her money.
She doesn’t mind working late.
He avoided talking to her.
She misses going to parties.
He can’t help laughing.
It is (not) worth/It’s no use/It’s no good/There is no
point in crying.
She doesn’t feel like going out.
She practised playing the piano.
He postponed/put off meeting with her.
He delayed answering her phone call.
She denied bullying her classmates.
I can’t tolerate working in this heat.
He is considering changing jobs.
She remembers locking the door.
She forgot locking the door.
He finished cooking.
She proposed/suggested/recommend travelling by
plane.
He dreads walking back home at night.
He allows looking up words on the Internet.
He advised revising.
She will stop/quit drinking.
She has difficulty (in) talking to people.
His job means working long hours.
She evaded answering my questions.
He fancies listening to rock music.
Can you imagine living alone?
He never forgave her insulting him.
He never mentioned being fired.
He kept trying despite the problems.
Smoking will prevent you from being an athlete.
I can’t recall/recollect ever seeing him.
She was reported being bullied.
Being a technology lover, he risks being cut off from
his friends.
She looks forward to having a summer holiday.
She regrets telling him her secrets.
He went on talking about his trip for hours.
She tried eating fish for the first time.
I am sorry for having made you wait.
My hair needs cutting/to be cut.
She continued explaining the problem.
She started/began to complain/complaining.
She can’t stand/bear listening/to listen to loud music.
Gerunds as nouns
Drinking alcohol is bad for you.
Driving in the snow is dangerous.
Prepositions + gerunds
He has no intention of leaving.
He is keen on playing football.
Her parents object to her living alone.
She confessed/admitted to cheating.
Apart from/Besides/In addition to/As well as singing,
he dances.

10 | P a g e Esolnet Hellas
Grammar Syllabus C1

Infinitives and Gerunds

1. She ………. them paint her room yesterday. 11. He was so kind ………. me a lift back home.
A. got A. at offering
B. had B. as to offer
C. asked C. offering
2. The package was too heavy for me ………. . 12. On the way to the bus stop, he stopped ………. a
A. to be lifted magazine.
B. to lift it A. buying
C. to lift B. to have bought
3. They hesitated ………. their problem with their C. to buy
parents. 13. She regrets ………. such a big flat.
A. discussing A. to rent
B. to discuss B. having rented
C. having discussed C. for renting
4. He ………. having copied from another student. 14. Who was the first ………. to the party?
A. refused A. coming
B. denied B. to come
C. declined C. that he came
5. He moved to the city just a month ago so he 15. She went to the cinema only ………. that there
………. living here yet. were no available tickets.
A. didn’t used to A. to find
B. doesn’t get used to B. if she found
C. hasn’t been used to C. in finding
6. Their mother ………. them to clean the mess in 16. The film was so sad that we couldn’t help……. .
the kitchen before they went out. A. from crying
A. got B. not to cry
B. had C. crying
C. made 17. My boss has no intention ………. me a rise.
7. I’d prefer my students ………. during the lesson. A. to give
A. not to be talking B. of giving
B. that they didn’t talk C. giving
C. not talking 18. They are believed ………. last week.
8. ………. his homework, he listened to his A. to disappear
favourite music. B. they disappeared
A. As he was doing C. to have disappeared
B. Having done 19. He is likely ………. by a policeman who was
C. After he has done near the lake.
9. John is looking forward to ………. abroad. A. he was rescued
A. travel B. to have been rescued
B. travelling C. he might be rescued
C. him travelling 20. She can’t tolerate people ………. to her.
10. She seems ……….. worried about her future. A. lying
A. to be B. to lie
B. that she is C. for lying
C. to being

11 | P a g e Esolnet Hellas
Grammar Syllabus
PASSIVE VOICE
Transitive Verbs
(all tenses, infinitives, gerunds)
The police arrested the thief.
The thief was/got arrested (by the police).
He is going to/may fix the car.
The car is going to/may be fixed by him.
What did they steal?
What was stolen?
Snow covered the garden.
The garden was covered with snow.
He used glass to make this statue.
The statue was made of glass.
She likes people telling her the truth.
She likes being told the truth.
Wash this jacket.
The jacket must / should be washed.
Causative
have sm do / get sm to do
He had them redo the exercises.
He got them to redo the exercises.
He may have the mechanic fix his car.
She should get him to cook lunch.
They are interested in having someone decorate
their house.
Have/get sth done
He had/got the car washed.
They may have/get their house decorated.
They are interested in having/getting their house
painted.
*Somebody stole his phone.
He had his phone stolen.
*She got her finger cut while cutting the bread.
12 | P a g e
C1
Impersonal/Personal Structures
They say/It is said that she disappeared.
She is said to have disappeared.
They believe/It is believed that there was a
problem.
There is believed to have been a problem.
They think/It is thought there were problems.
There are thought to have been problems.
__________________________________
need
The car needs/wants/requires fixing.
The car needs/wants/requires to be fixed.
__________________________________
There
There is something to do/to be done.
__________________________________
See, hear, let, watch, notice, observe, help, make
I saw her leave/leaving.
She was seen to leave/leaving.
He heard her shout/shouting.
She was heard to shout/shouting.
She let them play in the room.
Don’t let them deceive you.
Don’t let yourself be deceived.
Don’t allow yourself to be deceived.
They were allowed to play in the room.
They watched/noticed/observed them enter/entering
the room.
They were watched/noticed/observed entering the
room.
She helped me (to) carry my shopping.
I was helped to carry my shopping.
I made them clean the house.
They were made to clean the house.
Esolnet Hellas
Grammar Syllabus C1

Passive Voice - Causative

1. The television ………. yet so why don’t we go to 11. While dinner ………., the electricity was cut off.
the cinema? A. got prepared
A. hasn’t been fixed B. was preparing
B. needs being fixed C. was being prepared
C. isn’t fixed 12. If stricter fines ………. for traffic violations, there
2. The theatre club ………. of 30 students. would be fewer accidents.
A. is consisted A. imposed
B. consists B. were imposing
C. is consisting C. were imposed
3. The car which ………. belonged to my neighbour. 13. Why were they ………. to retake the exam?
A. was stolen A. suggested
B. which was being stolen B. prevented
C. being stolen C. made
4. They would like to have an architect ………. their 14. She can’t remember ………. about their moving to
country house. a new house.
A. to renovate A. to tell
B. renovate B. being told
C. renovating C. having told
5. There ………. to have been many applicants for the 15. Have you actually seen her ………. my desk
manager’s position. drawer?
A. is thought A. to open
B. are said B. to have opened
C. are considering C. open
6. They were heard ………. about the awful working 16. They are thought ………. bankrupt as soon as the
conditions. financial crisis began.
A. to complain A. they went
B. they were complaining B. of going
C. complain C. to have gone
7. I think your house needs ………. . 17. She may ………. an artist draw her portrait when
A. being painted she was young.
B. painting A. have had
C. to have painted B. get
8. While she was walking in the park, she ………. her C. have been made
bag stolen. 18. Do you know what ………. from the museum?
A. got A. did they steal
B. had B. was stolen
C. may have C. it was stolen
9. Don’t let yourself ………. by his pretty stories. 19. The roof was covered ………. snow.
A. to be fooled A. by
B. being fooled B. with
C. be fooled C. from
10. Most women like ………. on their looks. 20. What was her dress ………. ?
A. to compliment A. being made by
B. complimenting B. to be made from
C. being complimented C. made of

13 | P a g e Esolnet Hellas
Grammar Syllabus
CONDITIONALS
Zero Conditional
If you heat water at 100 degrees, it boils.
1st Conditional
If she works hard, she will/may/can be promoted.
If he calls, tell him to meet me at 7.
As/So long as he studies, he will pass.
Provided/Providing he finds a job, he’ll buy a new
car.
Suppose/Supposing he has enough money, he’ll go
on holidays.
Suppose/What if /Imagine you win the lottery, what
will you do?
Assuming he leaves, what will you do?
On condition you hand in your paper in time, you’ll
pass the course.
Unless she studies, she won’t pass.
Only if she studies, will she pass.
Even if he apologises, I won’t forgive him.
You’d better work harder; otherwise/or/or else you
will be fired.
If he should exercise, he will lose weight.
Should he exercise, he will lose weight.
Should he not exercise, he won’t lose weight.
rd
3 Conditional
If she had worked hard, she would/
might/could/should have been promoted.
Provided/Providing he had found a job, he’d have
bought a new car.
Suppose/Supposing he had had enough money, he’d
have gone on holidays.
Suppose/What if /Imagine you had won the lottery,
what would you have done?
Assuming he left, what would you have done?
Only if she had studied, would she have passed.
Even if he had apologised, I wouldn’t have forgiven
him.
You worked hard; otherwise/or/or else you would
have been fired.
If he had exercised, he would have lost weight.
Had he exercised, he would have lost weight.
Had he not exercised, he wouldn’t have lost weight.
14 | P a g e
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2nd Conditional
If she worked hard, she would/could/might/should
be promoted.
.
As/So long as he studied, he would pass.
Provided/Providing he found a job, he’d buy a new
car.
Suppose/Supposing he had enough money, he’d go
on holidays.
Suppose/What if /Imagine you won the lottery,
what would you do?
Assuming he left, what would you do?
On condition you handed in your paper in time,
you’d pass the course.
Unless she studied, she wouldn’t pass.
Only if she studied, would she pass.
Even if he apologised, I wouldn’t forgive him.
You don’t work hard; otherwise/or/or else you
wouldn’t be fired.
If he were to exercise, he would lose weight.
Were he to exercise, he would lose weight.
Were he not to exercise, he wouldn’t lose weight.
Mixed Conditionals
If he had prepared for the test, he would be able to
perform well today.
If he weren’t a liar, I would have trusted him.
Conditionals - Short forms
He doesn’t study, but if he did, he would pass.
He didn’t study, but if he had, he would have passed.
“Do you think he’ll pass?” “If he studies, he will.”
“Can he buy a car?” “If he had money, he could.”
“Did he buy a car?” “If he had had money, he would
have.”
If you are tired, you can leave.
If tired, you can leave.
Are you coming to the party? If so/If not, let me
know.
Other if- structures
I was wondering if/whether you could help me.
(asking sm to do sth)
I don’t know/doubt/wonder if/whether he will
come.
If you would like to call me, please do so.
(desire)
He asked me if/whether he would leave.
(reported speech)
Esolnet Hellas
Grammar Syllabus C1

Conditionals

1. Unless he ………. carefully, he will have an 11. “Did he get lost?” “No, but he ………. had he not
accident. had a map.
A. doesn’t drive A. would have
B. drives B. should have had
C. drove C. didn’t have
2. She didn’t pay her phone bill; otherwise, they 12. Assuming you earned more money, how ………. ?
………. her phone yesterday. A. you could feel
A. wouldn’t disconnect B. would you feel
B. may not disconnect C. you might have felt
C. wouldn’t have disconnected 13. If you happen to see him, ……… him that I’m
3. Only if he isn’t tired, ………. out with his friends. moving.
A. he can go A. tell
B. will he go B. you would tell
C. he may have gone C. don’t you tell
4. ………. she work harder, she may get a promotion. 14. Without his friend’s help, he ………. have done his
A. Provided homework last night.
B. Assuming A. shouldn’t
C. Should B. wouldn’t
5. Even if he ………. them the truth, they wouldn’t C. mustn’t
have believed him. 15. If she ………. honest, I wouldn’t have believed
A. had told what she said.
B. told A. weren’t
C. didn’t tell B. isn’t
6. He could buy a new car ………. more money. C. won’t be
A. were he to have 16. ………. me any money, I won’t be able to come
B. as long as he has back by taxi.
C. supposing he had had A. Weren’t she to lend
7. She would have gone to the party ………. so much B. Should she not lend
homework to do. C. If she wouldn’t lend
A. hadn’t she had 17. He can’t have been in town yesterday; otherwise he
B. should she not have ………. me.
C. had she not had A. would call
8. Imagine he ………. you out, what would you do? B. hasn’t called
A. asked C. would have called
B. asks 18. If they had listened to their parents’ advice, they
C. if he has asked ………. in trouble now.
9. Had she accepted their offer, she ………. a job now. A. wouldn’t be
A. will have B. might not have been
B. would have C. won’t be
C. might have had 19. ………. you are fluent, you can impress the
10. You’d better arrive on time or else your boss ……… examiner.
angry. A. Unless
A. will be B. As long as
B. would have been C. Should
C. will have been 20. What would you do ………. you out?
A. should he ask
B. were he to ask
C. assuming did he ask

15 | P a g e Esolnet Hellas
Grammar Syllabus
ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS
Order
Adjectives + noun
He is a smart girl.
*He painted the walls red.
Verb + adverb
He talked loudly.
Linking verbs + adjective
He became/were angry.
She remained calm.
She appears/seems/looks friendly.
The song sounds familiar.
The food tastes/smells good.
Her hair feels soft.
He got disappointed.
He grew tall.
Adverbs of degree + Adj/Adv
She is entirely satisfied.
He is extremely intelligent.
He studies very hard.
He was a fairly good student.
He plays fairly well.
He was rather impolite.
He was rather taller than me.
They sang rather badly.
She is rather like/unlike me.
He is quite a good player.
He dances quite well.
Verbs +Manner –Place- Time
He spoke to me rudely in class yesterday.
Yesterday, he spoke to me rudely in class.
Verbs of movement +Place-Manner-Time
He came into class quickly yesterday.
Frequency Adverbs + verb
He never yells at me.
He doesn’t always do his homework.
*He is always late to class.
He will never be satisfied.
Adverbs +Sentence
Fortunately/Apparently, he won.
Adjective only after linking verbs
She became ill.
16 | P a g e
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She fell asleep.
He looked embarrassed.
She is alive.
He is pleased.
He is content.
She is glad.
Adjectives only before nouns
The only /chief/ principal reason
The former president
The upper classes
The indoor/outdoor court
Comparisons/Adjectives and Adverbs
He is taller than I am.
He is the tallest of all/in class.
He got up earlier than yesterday.
He wakes up the earliest of all.
She ran more quickly than they did.
He drives faster than I do.
He drives the fastest of all.
His new book is more interesting than his other books.
His new book is the most interesting of all his books.
He drives more carefully than I do.
He drives the most carefully of all.
He is less interested in maths than she is.
He is the least interested in maths.
Is this the best you can do?
Her house is as big as mine.
Her house isn’t as/so big as mine.
He is as good a singer as I am.
He is becoming taller and taller.
He plays as well as the others.
He doesn’t play so/as well as the others.
The film was getting more and more boring.
She is much/far/a bit/ a little/slightly/a lot taller than I am.
She is the tallest of all by far.
She is by far the tallest of all.
The older he gets, the wiser he becomes.
You aren’t any taller than she is.
You are no taller than she is.
This is the most difficult exercise I have ever done
I haven’t done such a difficult exercise before.
It wasn’t such a difficult exercise as I thought.
His interests are the same as mine.
He is twice as tall as I am.
He paid twice as much as I did.
I prefer/would prefer to stay home rather than go out.
Esolnet Hellas
Grammar Syllabus C1

I prefer walking to driving. Confusing Adverbs

I’d rather go out than stay home.
We flew direct to Paris.
He eats much too much. She talked directly to her boss.
It’s much too cold today. She always works hard.
He drank too much juice. She hardly goes out.
There is no comparison between you and me. The water level remained high.
He thinks highly of her.
As They ran short of supplies.
He works as a teacher. He will come shortly.
He answered everything right.
He is known as a creative person.
She was rightly angry with him.
She is regarded as a patient teacher. They walked deep in the forest.
She is described/characterised as a friendly employee. She was deeply in love.
He did things as usual. You can visit the monument free.
He accepted me as a friend. She freely gave me her ticket.
She treats me as an enemy. She kept her mouth wide open.
He referred to her new book as the best of all. It is widely believed that he will win.
I last saw him three months ago.
He is thought of as a tolerant employer. Lastly, I would like to thank my parents.
He used the table as a desk. The book was pretty interesting.
He plays the guitar and sings as well. Her room was prettily decorated.
He did everything wrong.
Like
He wrongly thought I was the thief.
He works like a dog. Collocations
She looks/is like her father.
He has a car like mine. Her speech was absolutely
What is your city like? ridiculous/brilliant/fantastic.
Please, don’t talk about him like that. She is bitterly disappointed.
I don’t feel like going out. It is bitterly cold.
It smells like burnt food. It’s boiling hot.
I can’t tell what it tastes like. It is freezing cold.
Players, particularly like the ones in my team, try to He was deeply moved/offended.
do their best. She is fully aware of the effects.
I know him and his like. He was greatly impressed/mistaken by her
He studies art and the like. appearance.
Like/Unlike me, she loves walking. He was highly qualified/trained.
Children can be incredibly naïve.
Irregular adjectives Don’t change it. It is just perfect.
good better best The host was most kind.
bad worse worst It is quite possible that he’ll leave.
many more most He is seriously ill.
much more most She is being totally unreasonable.
little less least She is utterly/completely hopeless.
old elder the eldest It is simply wonderful/marvelous.
*further (adjective) Do you need any further information?
Adjectives –ing
Irregular adverbs
It was an exciting film.
well better best I had a frightening experience.
badly worse worst
Adjectives –ed
much more most
far farther/further furthest/farthest The excited children cheered.
little less least The frightened dog ran away.

17 | P a g e Esolnet Hellas
Grammar Syllabus C1

PARTICIPLES

Active Voice Passive Voice

All the students taking the test are nervous. The criminal arrested was charged with robbery.
She saw a child crossing the road. George, overwhelmed by anxiety, remained silent.
He heard a woman calling for help. Punished by his teacher, John went home crying.
She watched him painting.
I listened to him singing.
She smelled something burning.
He came home running.
She caught him cheating.
She found him crying in his room.
She left/kept him waiting outside.
She is busy doing her the housework.
They spend their free time reading books.
He wasted his time watching television.
Did you feel the bed shaking?
Having used a pen, he couldn’t erase his mistakes.
Flying over lake, they saw a lot of people fishing.
Her not having called him, he felt bad.

18 | P a g e Esolnet Hellas
Grammar Syllabus C1

Adjectives – Adverbs - Participles

1. The new teacher treats us ………. of all. 11. Although he saw her ………. the office earlier,
A. the better he said nothing.
B. the best A. to leave
C. far the best B. leaving
2. I think her essay is ………. mine. C. to have left
A. so good as 12. In spite of being ………. the fastest of all, he
B. as well as didn’t participate in the race.
C. much better than A. slightly
3. My daughter is ………. interested in sports than B. a bit
my son is. C. by far
A. less 13. He isn’t ………. better at maths than his sister is.
B. much A. any
C. the least B. more
4. Is he ………. pianist as you are? C. by far
A. as good a 14. They prefer going for walks ……… watching
B. that good TV at home.
C. the same good A. than
5. The more he waited, ………. impatient he B. to
became. C. from
A. the much more 15. Would you ………. play computer games than
B. even more go out with your friends?
C. the more A. prefer
6. Do you think he drives ………. he says he B. enjoy
does? C. rather
A. as careful as 16. He often uses the kitchen table ………. a desk.
B. so carefully as A. like
C. as carefully as B. as
7. ………. ill, he couldn’t concentrate on his work. C. the same as
A. Being 17. The plane arrived ………. than we had expected.
B. To be ill A. much more earlier
C. As being ill B. a little earlier
8. He has twice as ………. furniture as I do. C. too earlier
A. more 18. He hired her because she was ………. qualified.
B. many A. entirely
C. much B. highly
9. The weather is getting ………. in August. C. deeply
A. the more hotter 19. I’m not happy with my project. I must find
B. more and more hot ……… information on the Internet.
C. hotter and hotter A. farther
10. They haven’t taken ………. difficult test before. B. further
A. so C. further more
B. such a 20. Despite the pressure he felt, he remained …….. .
C. as much A. calmly
B. more calmly
C. calm

19 | P a g e Esolnet Hellas
Grammar Syllabus
REPORTED SPEECH
Direct Speech
Statements
“She plays well,” he said (to me)
“She is playing well,” he said.
“She will play well,” he said.
“She will be playing well,” he said.
“She played well,” he said.
“She was playing well,” he said.
“She has played well,” he said.
“She has been playing well,” he said.
“She will have played well,” he said.
“She will have been playing well,” he said.
“She may/can play well,” he said.
“She must play well,” he said.
Yes/No Questions
“Did she play well?” he asked (me).
Wh-Questions
“How did she play?” he asked.
Imperatives
“Play well,” he said (to me).
“Don’t play,” he said.
Time + Place Expressions, Pronouns
 now - then, at that time
 yesterday - the day before/the previous day
 today – that day
 tomorrow – the following day/the next day/the
day after
 tonight – that night
 next week – the following week/the next
week/the week after
 a year ago – a year before/the previous year/a
year earlier/the year before
 last year – the previous year/the year before
 here – there
 this – that/it these – those
 I – he/she me – him/her my – his/her
 mine – his/hers
20 | P a g e
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Indirect Speech
Statements
He told me/said that she played well.
He said that she was playing well.
He said that she would play well.
He said that she would be playing well.
He said that she had played well.
He said that she had been playing well.
He said that she had played well.
He said that she had been playing well.
He said that she would have played well.
He said that she would have been playing well.
He said that she might/could play well.
She said that she must/had to play well.
Yes/No Questions
He asked (me) if/whether he had played well.
Wh-Questions
He asked (me) how he had played.
Imperatives
He told me/asked me to play well.
He told me/asked me not to play.
No changes in tenses
He said that water boils at 100 degrees.
He has said/says that she can help me.
He said that he would rather play.
He said that he’d rather she had left.
He said that if he played well, she would win.
He said that he wishes he had more time.
He said that while he was playing, he fell.
He said that when he walked into the house, he saw
a stranger.
Esolnet Hellas
Grammar Syllabus C1

Reported Speech-Other introductory verbs Subjunctive

He offered to help me. He suggested/proposed/recommended/ advised

He agreed to come early. that she travel by plane.
He demanded to know where she was. He suggested that she be taken to hospital.
She promised to come /that she would come on time.
She refused to answer the question. He suggested/ advised that she not work late.
He threatened to expel him. He suggested that she not be given more work.
She claimed to be/that she was innocent. __________________________________
She advised them to study more.
He allowed /permitted/forbade him to leave. Indirect Questions
He asked them to clean the room.
Do you know where he went?
She begged him to help her.
I have no idea what she likes.
He commanded/ordered them to sit down.
I don’t know what time it is.
She encouraged them to go on.
I am wondering how he did it.
She instructed him to follow/how to follow the rules.
I can’t tell you why she is angry.
She invited him to attend the lecture.
She reminded him to mail the letter.
She warned him not to go out.
She accused him of cheating.
She blamed him for having cheated.
She denied cheating/that she had cheated.
She admitted (to) cheating/that she had cheated.
She apologised to him for coming late.
He insisted on paying the bills.
He suggested/proposed/recommended taking the bus.
He exclaimed that it was a fantastic view.
She explained to him that he had to do it/how he
should do it.
She informed them that the meeting was cancelled.
She wondered if/whether /how they were coming
She urged them not to panic.
She complained to the manager about the food/that
the food was bad.

21 | P a g e Esolnet Hellas
Grammar Syllabus C1

Reported Speech - Indirect Questions - Subjunctive

1. She asked him why ………. her the day before. 11. Do you know who ………yesterday?
A. he wouldn’t call A. was he meeting
B. he hadn’t called B. might he have met
C. didn’t he call C. he met
2. He said that if he ………. free time the following 12. He has no idea ………. staying.
weekend, he would go out with them. A. which hotel they are
A. had B. B. where they are
B. can have C. which hotel are they
C. would have 13. He said he ………. to the cinema the following
3. They accused him ………. in the exams, but he weekend.
denied it. A. would rather go
A. to copy B. prefers going
B. for copying C. would rather have gone
C. of copying 14. His friend insisted ………. her to lunch.
4. His parents asked him where ………. the previous A. to treat
night. B. on treating
A. did he go C. treating
B. he was doing 15. Although she had a lot of money, she ………. to
C. he had gone lend me some.
5. She promised her friend……….. to her ever again. A. denied
A. not lying B. refused
B. she would not lie C. forbade
C. to not lie 16. His parents advised ………. a suit for the interview.
6. Her colleague ………. her not to give up. A. him wearing
A. said to B. he wear
B. urged C. he would wear
C. suggested 17. The shop assistant ………. us how to use the
7. She was advised ………. in the storm. washing machine.
A. not driving A. instructed
B. she mustn’t drive B. suggested
C. not to drive C. insisted
8. Some of the customers ………. to the waiter about 18. He said that while he ………. in the park, he fell off
the food. his bike.
A. blamed A. was cycling
B. complained B. had been cycling
C. ordered C. would be cycling
9. His friend told him that he ………. worry about 19. She apologised to her ………. her wait.
returning the money soon. A. to have made
A. didn’t' need to B. for having made
B. doesn’t have to C. having made
C. can’t 20. Their teacher suggested ………. for the exams.
10. As there was heavy traffic, he proposed ………. the A. them not revise
train to work. B. they revise
A. to take C. they must revise
B. taking
C. they would take

22 | P a g e Esolnet Hellas
Grammar Syllabus
CLAUSES
Relative Clauses
This is the man who/that threatened me.
This is the cat which/that scratched me.
This is the man whose car was stolen.
This is the dog whose owners left it here.
This is the man (whom/who/that) I met.
This is the book (which/that) I bought.
The woman to whom I talked to is a doctor.
The woman (who/whom/that) I talked to is a
doctor.
The hotel at which we stayed was big.
The hotel (which/that) we stayed at was big.
The hotel where we stayed was big.
The hour at which the show begins is 10.
The hour (which/that) the show begins at is 10.
The hour when the show begins is 10.
The reason for which he left is unknown.
The reason (which) he left for is unknown.
The reason why he left is unknown.
The reason for his leaving is unknown.
My father, who is a teacher, is strict.
My house, whose garden is big, has got three
rooms.
My dog, which is a puppy, is cute.
He helped me, which was nice of him.
She’s got a lot of friends, some/none/all of whom
have the same interests as her.
He visited many countries, two/several of which
are in South America.
The man who is sitting there is my teacher.
The man sitting there is my teacher.
The man who was arrested is a robber.
The man arrested is a robber.
23 | P a g e
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Concession Clauses
Although/Even though/Though he works hard, he
doesn’t make much.
Although/Even though/Though he is tired, he will go
out.
Although/Though tired, he will go out.
Despite the fact that he works hard, he doesn’t make
much.
Despite/In spite of working hard, he doesn’t make
much.
Despite /In spite of his working hard, his boss
doesn’t appreciate him.
Despite/In spite of his hard work, he doesn’t make
much.
Despite/In spite of what he does, his boss doesn’t
appreciate him.
No matter how hard he works, he doesn’t make
much.
Hard though/as he works, he doesn’t make much.
Hard though as he may/might work, he doesn’t make
much.
However hard he works, he doesn’t make much.
He works hard. However, he doesn’t make much.
He works hard. Yet/Still/Nonetheless/
Nevertheless, he doesn’t make much.
He works hard. He doesn’t make much,
however/though.
He likes the cinema while/whereas she likes the
theatre.
Esolnet Hellas
Grammar Syllabus
Clauses of Reason
Since/As/Because he was late, he was told off.
His being late, he was told off.
Seeing that he was late, he called her.
Due to/Because of /Owing to the storm, we drove
slowly.
The reason why he was found guilty was that there
was new evidence.
The reason for his dismissal was that he was
always coming late.
Considering the new evidence, he was found
guilty.
Clauses of Purpose
She woke up early so as to/in order to/to catch the
bus.
He talked loudly so that/in order that everybody
could hear him.
Take more money with you in case you need it.
This knife is for cutting fruit.
Place Clauses
Wherever you go, he will find you.
Where there is a will, there is a way.
Everywhere he went, he had fun.
Exclamations
What a nice dress this is!
What good kids they are!
What bad weather this is!
How polite he is!
How polite a man he is!
How well he talks!
She is such a beautiful girl!
She is so nice!
Time Clauses
When he is angry, he yells.
Once/When/As soon as/The moment/After he
settles/has settled, he’ll feel fine.
Upon/On /After settling, he’ll be fine.
By the time he comes, I will have eaten.
By the time he came, I had left.
When he saw me, he started laughing.
After he had eaten, he studied.
(After) having eaten, he studied.
(After) her having recovered, he visited her.
While/As he was working, she visited him.
While he was working, she was playing.
Whenever he came, he would bring flowers.
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Clauses of Result
It was such an interesting film that I saw it twice.
The film was so interesting that I saw it twice.
It was so interesting a film that I saw it twice.
Such an interesting film was it that I saw it twice.
So interesting was the film that I saw it twice.
So interesting a film was it that I saw it twice.
It was such bad weather that we stayed in.
They were such heavy boxes that I couldn’t lift
them.
There was such a lot of noise that he was extremely
annoyed.
There were so many people that I couldn’t breathe.
There were so few people that the room looked
empty.
There was so little time left that we panicked.
He had so much free time that he could do anything
he wanted.
He worked so hard that he was exhausted.
So hard did he work that he was exhausted.
The book was too boring to read.
It was too boring a book to read.
He hadn’t studied and as a result, he failed.
He has got a big family and therefore, he needs to
work harder.
Noun Clauses
It pleased me that she visited me.
That he visited me pleased me.
His visiting me pleased me.
What he did surprised me.
I was surprised by what he did.
What he did was surprising.
Esolnet Hellas
Grammar Syllabus C1

Clauses
1. The reason ………. to another town is unknown. C. heavy a suitcase
A. for him to move 12. He came into the room quietly .......... his mother
B. why he moved for wouldn’t wake up.
C. for his moving A. so that
2. She met some interesting people during her B. in case
holidays, some ………. are artists. C. to fear
A. of them 13. It was too boring a lecture ......... .
B. of whom A. to watch
C. of which B. he couldn’t watch it
3. She lent me some money, .......... nice of her. C. to watch it
A. and which was 14. .......... cold, he made her some tea.
B. which was A. Her to feel
C. it was B. Because her
4. It is .......... furniture that they want to replace it. C. Her feeling
A. so old 15. .......... having financial problems, he doesn’t feel
B. such old miserable.
C. too old A. Despite
5. I’m studying about the flowers .......... in the wild. B. Though
A. growing C. Since
B. which they grow
16. .......... her car without her permission made her very
C. grown up
angry.
6. Wherever he ………., I will find him. A. To take
A. will go B. His taking
B. goes C. In case he took
C. will be going
17. .......... awful weather it is! It’s been raining since
7. Those are the notes …………… for last night. morning.
A. which was looking A. What
B. for which he was looking B. How
C. he was looking C. So
8. The garden, …………….were beautiful, is taken 18. .......... the terrible storm, the football game was
care by a gardener. cancelled.
A. of whose roses A. As it was
B. whose roses B. Due to
C. whose its roses C. Nevertheless
9. .......... he did really upset her. 19. So hard .......... that his parents were very proud of
A. That him.
B. What A. he tried
C. Which B. has he tried
10. Once he……………his article, he’ll be pleased. C. did he try
A. will finish 20. Although his house is small, he ………… it.
B. has been finishing A. is liking it
C. finishes B. do likes
11. How .......... it is! Shall I carry it for you? C. does like
A. a heavy suitcase
B. heavy the suitcase

25 | P a g e Esolnet Hellas
Grammar Syllabus
EMPHASIS - INVERSION
Emphasis
I do/did like the film.
Why she said that is a mystery.
It’s a mystery why she said that.
What/All she wants is (to) study abroad.
What she did was stupid.
It’s Mary who kissed him.
It is her bag that he stole.
It was yesterday that she retired.
What is it that he wants?
That’s how she did it.
He was not at all interested in her.
He was not interested in her at all.
There is no money whatsoever/at all.
Whoever told you that?
Whatever made you believe that?
You don’t mean George, do you?
26 | P a g e
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Inversion
(with all negative adverbs at the beginning of the
sentence)
Never have I seen him before.
Barely/Seldom/Hardly ever does he understand her.
Under no circumstances should you work there.
No sooner had he come home than she called him.
Not until she talked to him did she realise her
mistake.
Only if/when you try, will you succeed.
Only by trying, will you succeed.
So polite is he that she really likes him.
Such a nice present was it that she felt touched.
So much did she work that she was tired.
To such an extent did he talk that the audience felt
bored.
Little did she know about history.
She likes meat and so does her brother.
She is interested in the job as is her friend.
She won’t go out and neither/nor will he.
Should she retire, she will travel a lot.
Were she to retire, she would travel a lot.
Had she retired, she’d have travelled a lot.
Esolnet Hellas
Grammar Syllabus C1

Emphasis – Inversion
1. No sooner ………. into the office than his boss told 12. She was not ………. about the trip to the
him the good news. countryside.
A. he was coming A. exciting at all
B. he came B. least excited
C. had he come C. at all excited
2. It was last week ………. she applied for the job. 13. He will not do well in the exams ………. wasting
A. that his time playing games.
B. when A. weren’t he to stop
C. on which B. wasn’t he stop
3. Why she did those bad things ………. a mystery. C. should he not stop
A. remains 14. She prefers watching a film at the cinema and
B. have been ………. her friends.
C. were A. as well as
4. ………. he to try harder, he would definitely excel. B. in addition to
A. Had C. so do
B. Ought 15. I have no money ………. .
C. Were A. whatsoever
5. Only if it stops raining, ……….. out for a walk. B. the slightest
A. can we go C. too
B. we should go 16. She travelled abroad ………. her brother.
C. would we go A. and as did
6. Under no circumstances ………. what I told you. B. so did
A. you must reveal C. as did
B. you can’t reveal 17. She will trust you only if ………. being honest with
C. should you reveal her.
7. Not until ………. the contract did he feel relieved. A. do you start
A. did he sign B. you start
B. he signed C. by starting
C. had he signed 18. She would have booked a table ………. they were
8. Whose car ………. that he was driving? going out to dinner.
A. was there A. had she known
B. was it B. unless she knew
C. it was C. were she to know

9. Barely ………. what the teacher was saying. 19. Little ……….. about what happened the other day.
A. did they understand A. they had talked
B. they understood B. they were talking
C. was their understanding C. did they talk

10. Such a nice performance ………. that he was 20. She hasn’t written to him for a long time and
praised by all the critics. ………. .
A. it had been A. he hasn’t, too
B. he gave B. he didn’t either
C. was it C. nor has he

11. So fast ………. that it was inevitable he would have

an accident.
A. he had driven
B. he was driving
C. was he driving

27 | P a g e Esolnet Hellas
Grammar Syllabus C1

QUESTIONS

Question Tags Wh-Questions

He likes exercising, doesn’t he? Who did you invite to dinner?

She didn’t love him, did she?
Everyone/Everybody was present, weren’t they?
Somebody/Someone helped you, didn’t they?
Nobody/No one will accept his offer, will they?
Nothing was right, was it?
Nowhere was relaxing, was it?
She hardly ever studies, does she?
I am pretty, aren’t I?
Let’s watch a film, shall we?
Let me play, will you/won’t you?
Turn down the radio, will you/won’t you?
Don’t touch this cable, will you?
Have some pie, won’t you?
This/That is Mary, isn’t it?
There’s a serious problem, isn’t there?
There weren’t any problems, were there?
He has a big car, hasn’t he/doesn’t he?
He has got two children, hasn’t he?
He had better move, hadn’t he?
She used to go to the gym, didn’t she?
He would prefer to leave, wouldn’t he?
She can ride a bike, can’t she?
Who was invited to dinner?
Who invited you to dinner?
Who were you invited by?
To whom were you talking?
Who were you talking to?
Whose bag was stolen?
Which car will you buy?
Which of you knows him?
What/Which country are you from?
What does he look like?
What is he like?
What books do you like reading?
What happened?
Where will you go?
To which restaurant will you go?
Which restaurant will you go to?
Indirect Questions
Do you know where he went?
I have no idea what she likes.
I don’t know what time it is.
I am wondering how he did it.
I can’t tell you why she is angry.

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Grammar Syllabus C1

Question Tags – Wh-Questions – Indirect Questions

1. Everyone passed the test successfully, ………. ? 11. ………. accepted by the committee?
A. didn’t he A. Who wasn’t it
B. did he B. Who’s it not
C. didn’t they C. Who was not
2. No one has used my phone, ……….? 12. That is her brother-in-law, ……….?
A. has he A. is he
B. haven’t they B. isn’t it
C. have they C. aren’t she
3. Nowhere she went was exciting, ……….? 13. Help me do the washing, ……….?
A. did she A. shall you not
B. was it B. won’t you
C. were there C. don’t you
4. He hardly ever complains about the load of work, 14. Let him fix your laptop, ……….?
……….? A. will he
A. don’t he B. will you
B. does he C. doesn’t he
C. will he 15. She used to be popular when she was a student,
5. I am reliable, ……….? ………?
A. aren’t I A. wasn’t she
B. am I B. was she
C. I’m not C. didn’t she
6. Nothing she does pleases you, ………..? 16. ………. have you decided to watch?
A. do they A. Which film
B. is it B. Is this the film
C. does it C. Whatever the film
7. What do you think ………. at the meeting? 17. He’d rather go to a private school, ……….?
A. did it happen A. hadn’t he
B. it was happening B. wouldn’t he
C. happened C. couldn’t he
8. Let’s discuss this in private, ……….? 18. She seldom talks to her neighbours, ……….?
A. will we A. doesn’t she
B. won’t we B. isn’t she
C. shall we C. does she
9. She’d better go to work by train, ………? 19. ………. were you thinking about?
A. wouldn’t she A. Whichever
B. shouldn’t she B. Which
C. hadn’t she C. What
10. Who ……….. belong to? 20. Somebody broke the window, ……….?
A. this book doesn’t A. didn’t he
B. did this book B. did it
C. is this book C. didn’t they

29 | P a g e Esolnet Hellas
Grammar Syllabus C1

ARTICLES

The Definite Article A John came to see you.

It was such a nice day that we went out.
The Rex Hotel is expensive.
It was so nice a day that we went out.
There is a good film at the Odeon cinema.
What a nice day!
The British Museum/The Art gallery is open.
How nice a day!
Let’s watch a play at the Palace Theatre.
It was too heavy a box to lift.
The Nile River is very long.
He is as good a singer as I am.
The Atlantic Ocean is very deep.
He has a good knowledge of physics.
It gets very hot in The Sahara Desert.
She wished me a Merry Christmas.
They flew over the Alps.
She’s read a lot of stories about the Titanic. No Definite Article
They crossed the Suez Canal.
A lot of people tried to climb Mount Everest.
The Statue of Liberty is in New York.
Have you ever been to Lake Victoria?
A lot of people visit the Acropolis.
He is reading Newsweek.
While in Rome, they visited the Vatican.
We are going to Rhodes.
Don’t sit in the sun for long.
When is breakfast/lunch/supper/dinner served?
They are studying the moon/the stars.
Her favourite colour is red.
The earth faces a lot of dangers.
He plays basketball/tennis/baseball.
The sea is calm today.
She is learning Spanish.
He plays the guitar.
Where do lions live?
She always listens to the news on the BBC.
Young people have a lot of dreams.
He was arrested by the FBI.
There are a lot of shops on Oxford Street.
Greece is a member of the European Union.
They met at Syntagma Square.
The British enjoy drinking tea.
Central Park is a big park.
The lion is a wild animal.
He took a picture of London Bridge.
She travelled to the United States of America.
Diabetes is a serious illness.
I’d like to go the Bahamas.
Is there life on Mars (on the planet Mars)?
The Browns live next door.
Dr. Brown will examine him.
The young have a lot of dreams.
Mr. /Mrs. Brown will arrive soon.
The English language is not very difficult.
She went to school by bus.
The news was shocking.
He is working from home.
They joined the army/the Navy.
What time do you go to bed?
They are going to Italy in (the) summer.
He has been in prison for two years now.
There is a thriller on (the) TV.
He goes to church every Sunday.
The last time I saw him was in March.
Mum/Dad is at work.
It is the first time she has ever been abroad.
Uncle George gave me a present.
Life in the past was different.
They prefer to travel by car/plane/train/boat.
Life will be better in the future.
She went to work on foot.
What’s life like in the present?
Only 30% voted for him.
The book on the table is mine.
She has already read Chapter ten.
The man who visited me as an old friend.
They are waiting at gate two.
The more you try, the better you will do.
He is the smartest in class. No Indefinite Article
His mum went to the school to see his teacher. She gave me some advice.
The lawyer went to the prison to see his client. He bought new furniture.
Who are these people outside the church? There was serious damage to the car.
The Indefinite Article She doesn’t eat meat.
Teenagers want freedom.
She is a teacher.
Life nowadays is hard.
She doesn’t have an umbrella.
She left at midnight/dawn/dusk/sunrise/
He has got a bike.
noon.
There is a dog in the garden.
They arrived on time/in time.
The speed is 40 kilometres an hour.
She travelled from north to south.
The potatoes are one pound a kilo.
The film was boring from beginning to end.
She sees her friends twice a week.
She lost consciousness.

30 | P a g e Esolnet Hellas
Grammar Syllabus
NOUNS
Countable Nouns/ Plurals
I don’t want these books, but the other ones.
Both scarves are beautiful.
Which cities have you visited?
There are some/a few/ few/a lot of/enough/some/
no boxes in the kitchen.
There aren’t any/many potatoes.
Those/These boxes are light.
All the roofs are red.
Do you agree with their beliefs?
Both cliffs are dangerous.
How many safes are there at the hotel?
There is a great number of reefs.
None of the chiefs came to the meeting.
The Eskimos are used to cold weather.
There are three discos/pianos/photos/
stereos/studios/videos.
I bought two kilos of tomatoes.
He’s got two pairs of scissors/glasses/
trousers/shorts.
She bought two pieces of furniture.
Can I have two slices of bread?
We need two cartons of milk and three bottles of
wine.
Can you put all the jars of jam on the table?
The flashes of lightning frightened me.
The police are looking for the robbers.
The media influence public opinion.
Financial crises affect all of us.
Which criteria are important?
Where are your belongings?
The army needs plenty of arms.
She paid for all the car damages.
She likes wearing earrings.
Some goods are expensive.
There is more green in the outskirts.
You can’t trespass the company’s premises.
My bank savings are safe.
The surroundings are magnificent.
I saw him on the stairs.
Some men believe women are sensitive.
Not all people have hobbies.
The children are looking at the fish.
My feet hurt. / Her teeth are white.
Mice like cheese.
There were geese and deer at the zoo.
31 | P a g e
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Uncountable Nouns
This/That furniture is old.
She wanted some advice.
All the information was useful.
No luggage is allowed on the plane.
Have you got any baggage?
She has got plenty of free time.
She puts a lot of/a little/little/enough/
some/ no sugar in her coffee.
Not all of the rubbish has been collected.
How much money have you spent?
There isn’t any/much bread left.
It was such bad weather that we stayed in.
What nice hair she’s got!
She doesn’t like meat/milk/cheese/butter/
wine at all.
There is a great amount/deal of traffic.
Show respect to the old.
Their behaviour was terrible.
The lab equipment has been ordered.
Is there any evidence for his guilt?
I ate some fruit.
They are making great progress.
Has all the research been done?
Accommodation is expensive on the island.
I am done with all my shopping.
Billiards is thought to be exciting.
It is gymnastics that the young like.
Physics/Mathematics is a difficult subject.
The news is bad.
Is the measles contagious?
Athletics/Politics is what she is interested in.
*What a shame!
Possessive form of Nouns
Here is George’s office.
The girl’s dog is cute.
The boys’ bags are over there.
Men’s and women’s rights should be respected.
John and Mary’s father is a doctor.
John’s and Mary’s parents are teachers.
Paris is the capital of France.
The roof of the house/The house roof is red.
Mum has gone to the florist’s.
The course deals with Socrates’ philosophy.
A friend of Mary’s/hers sent me an email.
Esolnet Hellas
Grammar Syllabus
PRONOUNS AND DETERMINERS
Pronouns
Their friends are mine, too.
He cut himself.
Who called you?/What did you do?
Which book did you buy?
What else can I say?
Whose pen is this?
I don’t want this dress. I want the other one.
This car is bigger than that one.
These books are his, but those ones are hers.
Is there anyone at home?
There is no one/nobody at home.
Anyone can solve this exercise.
Someone/Somebody asked for you.
Is there anything you want?
There is nothing interesting.
Something is wrong.
Everyone/Everybody was present at the meeting.
These notes are somebody else’s.
The man who hit me was arrested.
The man whose car is parked outside is my teacher.
The film which/that we saw was boring.
They have been sending messages to each other/one
another.
They looked into each other’s/one another’s eyes.
Some like coffee bitter. Others like it sweet.
Whoever is this man?
Choose whatever/whichever you like.
THERE IS – IT IS – IT
There is – There are
There is something wrong.
There is nothing interesting to watch.
There is nothing to do/to be done.
There is something that annoys me.
There is someone at the door.
There is a John on the phone.
There is time for him to do the project.
There are two strangers outside.
There is likely to be a problem.
There are said to have been protests.
I want there to be silence.
It is important for there to be an agreement.
There is a likelihood of there being riots.
It is – They are -it
Who is it? / It’s John.
What is it/this? It/This is an interesting story.
Who are they/these/those? They/These/Those are my
friends.
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Determiners
Some people believe in ghosts, but other people
don’t.
She hasn’t got any/has got no money.
Have you got any good ideas?
There are many people waiting.
There isn’t much furniture in the house.
A few/Very few students answered this question.
Only a few people attended the lecture.
He spent a little/very little money on clothes.
All the customers were pleased.
They all/All of them like skiing.
Both drivers/Both of them were given a fine.
They are both lawyers.
None/Not one of the employees was happy.
Neither of the two girls wants to play.
Either play is fine.
Either of the plays/them is fine.
Each student/one was given a copy.
Every student was present.
Buses run every (other) thirty minutes.
You have every reason to complain.
Every last one came to the celebration.
Each and everyone (of the students) is present.
The whole story was unbelievable.
I met him the other day.
No other student did this exercise but John.
Have you got another pen I can use?
Choose whichever/whatever brand you like.
This is Tom’s car. It’s a fast car.
It’s ten to nine/It’s raining./It’s cold.
It’s time she made a decision.
It is likely that she found a job.
It is said that he wrote many books.
It appears/seems that she is busy.
It is a long time since I saw him.
How long is it since you stopped smoking?
It is dangerous to walk at night.
It takes two hours to drive to London.
It’s a good idea to dine out.
I find it difficult to concentrate.
I would prefer it if you didn’t leave.
I like it that he trusts me.
I would appreciate it if you could help me.
She always makes it difficult for me to choose.
It looks/sounds as if he were lying.
It is George who was here.
It is yesterday that she flew to Paris.
Esolnet Hellas
Grammar Syllabus C1

There is/It is/it - Articles -Nouns – Pronouns

1. It was so difficult a test that ………. students did 11. How long ………. since you stopped smoking?
well. A. ago is it
A. a very little B. is it
B. few C. has there been
C. hardly some 12. He’d prefer ………. if she had her hair cut short.
2. Neither Jane nor her friends ………. interested in A. her
playing. B. it
A. are C. that
B. is 13. ………. is thought to be difficult.
C. has been A. The French language
3. Mum has gone to ………. to buy dad some B. The French
flowers. C. French language
A. the florist 14. Each and every one of her employees ………. to
B. a florists’ work overtime.
C. the florist’s A. has refused
4. Of all the instruments, he likes ……….. the most. B. are refusing
A. a guitar C. have been refused
B. guitar 15. ………. my husband who bought me this ring.
C. the guitar A. He was
5. A friend of my ………. sent me a friendship B. It was
request on Facebook. C. There was
A. brother’s 16. She has already done the exercises in ……….. .
B. brother A. the ten Unit
C. brothers B. Unit 10
6. I’m sorry, but ……… nothing I can do to help C. Unit 10th
you. 17. ………. is the landmark of Athens.
A. it is A. Acropolis
B. it isn’t B. An Acropolis
C. there’s C. The Acropolis
7. She always ………. for me to focus on my work. 18. Where did he put his ……… ?
A. has it difficult A. belonging
B. makes it difficult B. belongings
C. does it difficult C. belongs
8. ………. have a lot of dreams. 19. How ………. speech he made!
A. The young people A. boring a
B. Most of young B. a boring
C. The young C. boring
9. ………. is a likelihood of their turning up late. 20. She bought ………. new furniture for the living
A. It is room.
B. There A. some
C. It may be B. many
10. ………. to have been too many applicants for this C. a
position.
A. It is said
B. They are thought
C. There are believed

33 | P a g e Esolnet Hellas
Grammar Syllabus
PHRASAL VERBS
Unemployment amounts to 23 percent.
You have a lot to answer for.
He asked her out to dinner.
I asked around but nobody saw my book.
My brother always backs me up.
He backed out of the agreement.
She is about to leave.
She is after a big dream.
He has been off work for days.
After the crash, the car blew up.
He blew up 20 balloons.
The car broke down on the way home.
The subject was brought up by the president.
Please bear with him.
They booked up at table for three.
What has brought about such change?
You should build up good relationships.
A burglar broke into our house last night.
She broke up with her boyfriend.
The prisoner broke out of jail.
He was brought up by his grandparents.
Guess who I bumped into the other day!
She burst into tears.
I called my friend back.
This calls for a drink.
She couldn’t carry off the task.
He carried on working.
Calm down before you talk to her.
He really doesn’t care for her.
She ran fast to catch up with her friend.
They checked in at the hotel and then they got their
keys.
They checked out of the hotel before 12.
Their boss checks out all the employees.
Check out/Look at this crazy haircut!
He brought me sweets to cheer me up.
They cleaned up their room before going out.
He came across these old photographs.
Some of my friends came round/by.
She came down with the flu.
He came into a fortune.
The students came up with an answer.
She is not cut out to be a teacher.
We should count on our friends.
The flowers have come out.
Please, cross out this piece of information.
34 | P a g e
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He cried out for help.
You should cut down on smoking.
We shouldn’t cut down trees.
They cut off our phone because we hadn’t paid it.
I cut this picture out of a magazine.
She can’t deal with her problems.
I can’t do without a mobile phone.
I don’t understand what you are driving at.
Some friends dropped in unexpectedly.
Some students dropped out of school.
They dressed up to go to the wedding.
My friends dropped by to see me.
They entered into a competition.
He likes eating out.
The poster fell down.
My money fell out of my pocket.
You faced up to their problems.
They are falling behind with their lessons.
Fill in your name in this box.
He couldn’t find out where she lives.
He doesn’t get along with his sister.
We were lucky to get away for the weekend.
They get by on very little money.
Get on with your work!
They got nothing out of the lesson.
They got back from their holidays yesterday.
She got on/off the bus.
She got in/out of the car.
He couldn’t get over his problems.
Let’s get together tonight.
He always gets up early.
They got up and gave their seat to him.
I gave away my old clothes.
The teacher gave out the tests.
She gave up all her bad habits.
She gave away my secret.
You should not give up trying.
The police went after the thieves.
You should go after your dreams.
Time went by fast.
You should B all the details.
Go ahead and eat anything you want.
Are you going out for lunch?
Go over your answers again.
When he grows up, he’ll become a teacher.
Esolnet Hellas
Grammar Syllabus
My friends usually hang out at the café.
He hung up without saying goodbye.
Traditions are handed down.
We were held up due to the traffic.
Hold on. I’ll be with you in a second.
He joined up the army.
She kept on talking for hours.
He can’t keep up with the good students.
They knocked down the old building.
His friend let him down.
They live on their parents.
You shouldn’t look down on other people.
The police are looking into the crime.
She is looking after her little sister.
I’ve been looking for my keys.
I looked up the meaning of this word on the
internet.
Children look up to their parents.
Look out! There is a car coming.
They made for the forest.
I can’t make out what he is saying.
You have to make up for the damages.
He likes making up stories.
They made up after their fight.
I always mix up their names.
You have to narrow down your choices.
He will pay me back in a month.
The old man passed away.
Grandparents pass down traditions.
She was so weak that she passed out.
You have to pay off the money you took.
I picked out a nice present for him.
Please, put down your bag.
They put off their trip to London.
Put on a warm coat.
Our teacher can’t put up with noise.
The speaker managed to put his ideas across.
He put no money aside for the holidays.
The match was put off due to bad weather.
She put on a lot of weight.
The firemen put out the fire.
The director put on a new play.
35 | P a g e
C1
Their son ran away from home.
We have run out of petrol.
We have ruled out all possibilities.
He was run over by a car.
She ran into him the other day.
They set about early in the morning.
Some people like shopping around before buying
something.
The guests showed up at 8.
What does NATO stand for?
We should all stand up for our rights.
They started off their journey.
They set up their business last year.
The students sat for their final exam.
Can you switch/turn on/off the light?
What he did took me aback.
He has taken after his father.
He took on a difficult task.
He took up a new hobby.
I talked him into buying a small car.
The plane takes off in an hour.
Can you take off your shoes?
He took me out for dinner.
I can’t tell the twins apart.
His parents told him off for his bad marks.
We are thinking of buying a new car.
We threw away all our old furniture.
She tried out/on her new dress.
The kids usually turn in early at night.
She turned the thief in to the police.
She has turned into a horrible person.
How many people turned up?
He turned down the job because he didn’t like it.
Can you turn up/down the music?
Think about all your problems.
They washed up the dishes.
She woke up late this morning.
They work out at the gym three days a week.
Can you work out this problem?
Esolnet Hellas
Grammar Syllabus C1

Phrasal Verbs

1. Although she was highly qualified they …………. 11. After the important points had been revised, the
A. backed her up. teacher ………. the tests.
B. turned her down. A. dropped by
C. blew her up. B. gave out
2. She has been ………. work for two days to rest. C. brought about
A. out of 12. His mother ………. selling his motorbike.
B. off A. talked him into
C. of B. turned him in
3. Make sure you don’t ………. the subject up when C. put him out
you see him. 13. He ………. because he hadn’t eaten anything all
A. take day.
B. bring A. took off
C. mention B. gave up
4. Someone ………. their office and stole all the C. passed out
laptops. 14. The accident was his fault and he had to ………. for
A. broke into all the damages.
B. walked up to A. make up
C. booked up B. try out
5. While she was walking back home, she ………. an C. put aside
old friend of hers. 15. His friends ………. without having called him first.
A. brought up A. passed down
B. bore with B. came by
C. bumped into C. broke into
6. Being an ambitious person, he is ………. big 16. He ………. his own business as soon as he
dreams. graduated from college.
A. into A. set off
B. after B. set up
C. for C. set on
7. The police are looking for two prisoners who 17. Most young people can’t ………. their mobile
………. jail. phones.
A. carried off A. do without
B. were caught up in B. turn up
C. broke out of C. look into
8. He is such an annoying person that I can no longer 18. He ………. of college and joined up the army.
………. him. A. went out
A. put up with B. backed out
B. call for C. dropped out
C. come down with 19. She ………. with all her colleagues and she is very
9. In case your car ………., call the Road Service. happy.
A. bursts out A. gets along
B. breaks down B. gets by
C. drives at C. gets up
10. Being ill with the flu, he has ………. with his 20. He didn’t study for the exam and his parents …… .
lessons. A. put him off
A. felt for B. told him off
B. fallen behind C. cut him off
C. faced up

36 | P a g e Esolnet Hellas
Grammar Syllabus C1

Revision Exercises 1

1. It was so difficult a test that ………. students did 11. The new theatre is considered to be one of ……….
well. buildings.
A. a very little A. the best designing
B. few B. the best designed
C. hardly some C. well-designed
2. Neither she nor her sisters ………. interested in 12. I’m sorry, but ……… nothing more I can do to
travelling. change his mind.
A. are A. it is
B. is B. it isn’t
C. has been C. there’s
3. The hot soup tasted ………. that he felt much better. 13. She always ……. for me to express my feelings.
A. such well A. has it difficult
B. too delicious B. makes it difficult
C. so good C. does it difficult
4. Had he not driven ……….he did, he wouldn’t have 14. ………. often worry about their future.
caused the accident. A. The young people
A. so fast as B. Most of young
B. as faster as C. The young
C. so fast that 15. When she ………. you tonight, you’d better tell her
5. He has gone to ………. to buy flowers for her the truth.
birthday. A. will come
A. the florist B. comes
B. a florists’ C. will have come
C. the florist’s 16. The train is due to ………. at 7 o’clock.
6. He has been playing ………. since he was a child. A. arriving
A. a guitar B. being arriving
B. guitar C. arrive
C. the guitar 17. I think this is the most boring task I ………. to do.
7. A friend of my ………. helped me solve the A. am having
exercises. B. have
A. sister’s C. have ever had
B. sister 18. The more anxious she feels, ………. she will do in
C. sisters the exams.
8. He is ………. as one of the best contemporary A. the worst
writers. B. the worse
A. regarded C. more worse
B. thought 19. He wants to know what time ……….. tomorrow.
C. considered A. is the train leaving
9. He had ………. coffee that he had a hard sleeping. B. will the train leave
A. too much C. the train leaves
B. so much 20. She accused a classmate of hers ………. behind her
C. much too back.
10. ………. does your new computer look like? A. having talked
A. How B. to have talked
B. What C. of talking
C. Which

37 | P a g e Esolnet Hellas
Grammar Syllabus C1

Revision Exercises 2

1. Her son told her that he ………. an interesting 11. ‘Mary is not answering the phone.” “She must
lecture the day before. ………. .”
A. had attended A. be sleeping
B. attended B. have been sleeping
C. has attended C. sleep
2. The arrested man denied ………. in the robbery. 12. It is likely ………. well at the interview.
A. to being involved A. to do
B. he is involved B. he’ll do
C. having been involved C. for him to do
3. She explained ………. what we had to do. 13. They are believed ………. her, but she still trusts
A. us them.
B. to us A. to deceiving
C. at us B. they deceived
C. to have deceived
4. She asked me what time ………. .
A. began the film 14. She’d prefer to have gone out rather than ……….
B. did the film begin home last night.
C. the film began A. to have stayed
B. have stayed
5. What ………. to make her so angry?
C. having stayed
A. he could say
B. might he have said 15. She ………. with him since the meeting started.
C. you think he may say A. was arguing
B. is arguing
6. It’s a nice day. Why ………. for a walk along the C. has been arguing
beach?
A. don’t we go 16. She tried ………. the exercises but she couldn’t.
B. we may not go A. doing
C. needn’t we go B. to have been doing
C. to do
7. You didn’t do well in the test. You ………. have
17. The construction of the new school should ……….
studied more.
by the end of next year.
A. must
A. be completed
B. had better
B. been completed
C. should
C. have been completed
8. He is said ………. a lot of mistakes in his essay.
18. Do you have any idea what ………. from the museum?
A. to make
A. did they steal
B. to have made
B. was being stolen
C. that he made
C. was stolen
9. She looks tired. She may ………. since early in the
19. He saw her ………. the manager’s office.
morning.
A. to enter
A. have worked
B. being entering
B. have been working
C. enter
C. be working
20. Had she ………. the changes, she would have
10. She reminded him ………. his appointment. complained to the director.
A. to change A. informed about
B. of changing B. being informed
C. his changing C. been informed of

38 | P a g e Esolnet Hellas
Grammar Syllabus C1

Revision Exercises 3

1. If you ………. interrupting me, you will leave the 11. He suggested ………. by plane to her hometown.
class. A. she travel
A. keep B. she must travel
B. kept C. she travels
C. have kept 12. I hoped he ………. in time.
2. He wasn’t given a rise ………. he was a hard- A. would call
working employee. B. will call
A. despite C. had called
B. even though 13. He’d rather his mum………. him when he is out
C. assuming with his friends.
3. Suppose you were offered a scholarship to study A. not call
abroad, what ……….? B. not to call
A. you could do C. didn’t call
B. may you do 14. By 2020, he ………. his own business.
C. would you do A. would start
B. will start
4. He seems ………. by a policeman who was near the
C. will have started
river.
A. he was rescued 15. They were .......... good students that all the teachers
B. to have been rescued praised them.
C. he might be rescued A. so
B. such
5. ‘I think I saw Mary at the park.’ ‘You ………. .
C. too
She has been abroad since Monday.
A. mustn’t 16. She ………. have cooked so much food after all.
B. shouldn’t have Only ten people came to the dinner party.
C. couldn’t have A. didn’t need to
B. needn’t
6. “She didn’t go out last night.” “She ………. her C. needn’t to
plans.”
17. On Saturday nights, she prefers going to the cinema
A. should have changed
………. staying home.
B. must have changed
A. rather than
C. might be changing
B. than
7. When he was a child, he ………. draw very well. C. to
A. was able to 18. After they ……… work, they went to a restaurant
B. could near their office.
C. managed to A. finished
8. The plane departed on time so it should ………. by B. had finished
now. C. were finished
A. have landed 19. They turned her down. ………. she didn’t give up.
B. land A. Although
C. be landing B. Yet
9. There is a likelihood ………. a disagreement C. At last
between them. 20. So well ………. that all the film critics wrote
A. of being favourable reviews.
B. to be A. she played
C. that there was B. she was playing
10. She’d ………. not disobey her parents. C. did she play
A. be better
B. be better off
C. better

39 | P a g e Esolnet Hellas
Grammar Syllabus C1

Revision Exercises 4

1. It’s about time they ……….. to a bigger house. 11. I appreciate ………. me about the meeting in
A. are moving advance.
B. have moved A. you have informed
C. moved B. your informing
2. When she lived in the city, she ………. to work by C. you to inform
bus. 12. For security reasons, they ……. what happened.
A. was used to go A. don’t have to reveal
B. used to go B. should not reveal
C. used to going C. ought to not reveal
3. Once he ………. a better job, he will be much 13. Whenever he was in town, he ………. his
happier. grandparents.
A. finds A. should visit
B. will find B. might visit
C. would find C. would visit
4. He will have a mechanic ………. his car. 14. ………. the awful weather, all flights were
A. fix cancelled.
B. to fix A. Due to
C. fixing B. Because
C. In spite of
5. ………. attentive children they are!
A. How 15. Are they ………. to have the party at home?
B. So A. let
C. What B. permitting
C. allowed
6. ………. she work harder, she will be promoted.
A. Should 16. No sooner ………. the email to his boss than she
B. Were called him.
C. Provided A. he sent
B. was he to send
7. She regrets ………. to the wedding reception. C. had he sent
A. for not going
17. He admitted ………. from the student sitting in
B. not to have gone
front of him.
C. not having gone
A. to have copied
8. There is a long queue at the cinema so we ………. B. copying
leave. C. he has copied
A. might as well
18. It’s not ………. worrying about his moving to
B. would be better off
another city.
C. would be better to
A. worth
9. She would rather ………. her own business than be B. good
an employee. C. use
A. have
19. Her friend ………. she visit all the important sights
B. to have
while in London.
C. she
A. encouraged
10. .......... me with my project was a great relief. B. recommended
A. To have helped C. said
B. His helping 20. Not until ……. to her did she realise who it was.
C. He to help A. did he talk
B. he talked
C. had he talked

40 | P a g e Esolnet Hellas
Grammar Syllabus C1

Revision Exercises 5
1. She wasn’t happy with the food and neither ………. 11. She advised ……… smoking.
. A. him stopping
A. all the guests were B. that he stops
B. the other guests, too C. him to stop
C. were the other guests 12. My job means ………. till late at night.
2. Nothing she did pleased him, ………? A. working
A. did she B. to work
B. was it C. to have worked
C. did it? 13. I’d rather she ………. that report. She made a lot of
3. It was ………. film that I left after the intermission. people angry.
A. a such boring A. hadn’t published
B. too boring a B. wouldn’t publish
C. so boring a C. didn’t publish
4. She has ………. son. 14. She met a lot of people during her holidays, all of
A. a two- month old ……… were foreigners.
B. two- months old A. whom
C. a two- months B. them
5. The money she earns ______ her expenses. C. these
A. doesn’t cover 15. The speech ……. by my professor was inspiring.
B. have covered A. giving
C. cover B. which is given
6. They ………. computer games for hours before C. given
their mum came home. 16. ………. more attention in class, he would have
A. were playing understood more things.
B. played A. Should he pay
C. had been playing B. Were he pay
7. She is used ……. up early every in the morning. C. Had he paid
A. to wake 17. ………. his room having a nice view, he was not
B. waking satisfied.
C. to waking A. Despite
8. ………. being a successful businesswoman, she is a B. Except for
member of a charity. C. Regardless
A. Other than 18. They have been working hard all day. They ……….
B. Apart from be exhausted.
C. In addition A. should
9. It is the first time they ……… such a lenient B. have to
teacher. C. must
A. are having 19. He was hungry so he stopped …. something to eat.
B. have A. getting
C. have had B. for getting
10. He always returns home before midnight ………. C. to get
his parents won’t worry. 20. She usually ………. her children to clean their
A. so that rooms.
B. in order for A. makes
C. so as B. has
C. gets

41 | P a g e Esolnet Hellas
Grammar Syllabus C1

ANSWER KEY

Tenses and Unreal Modals and Infinitives and Passive Voice

Past Infinitives Gerunds Causative
1. B 1. B 1. B 1. A
2. A 2. A 2. C 2. B
3. A 3. C 3. B 3. A
4. B 4. C 4. B 4. B
5. B 5. B 5. C 5. B
6. B 6. C 6. A 6. A
7. B 7. A 7. A 7. B
8. C 8. B 8. B 8. B
9. C 9. B 9. B 9. C
10. A 10. B 10. A 10. C
11. C 11. A 11. B 11. C
12. C 12. B 12. C 12. C
13. B 13. B 13. B 13. C
14. C 14. A 14. B 14. B
15. A 15. C 15. A 15. C
16. A 16. B 16. C 16. C
17. C 17. B 17. B 17. A
18. C 18. B 18. C 18. B
19. C 19. A 19. B 19. B
20. B 20. C 20. A 20. C

Conditionals Adjectives – Adverbs Reported Speech Clauses

– Participles Indirect Question
Subjunctive
1. B 1. B 1. B 1. C
2. C 2. C 2. A 2. B
3. B 3. A 3. C 3. B
4. C 4. A 4. C 4. B
5. B 5. C 5. B 5. A
6. A 6. C 6. B 6. B
7. C 7. A 7. C 7. C
8. A 8. C 8. B 8. B
9. B 9. C 9. A 9. B
10. A 10. B 10. B 10. C
11. A 11. B 11. C 11. C
12. B 12. C 12. B 12. A
13. A 13. A 13. A 13. A
14. B 14. B 14. B 14. C
15. A 15. C 15. B 15. A
16. B 16. B 16. B 16. B
17. C 17. B 17. A 17. A
18. A 18. B 18. A 18. B
19. B 19. B 19. B 19. C
20. B 20. C 20. B 20. C

42 | P a g e Esolnet Hellas
Grammar Syllabus C1

There is/ it is/ it Phrasal Verbs Revision Exercises 1 Revision Exercises 2

Articles – Nouns –
Pronouns
1. B 1. B 1. B 1. A
2. A 2. B 2. A 2. C
3. C 3. B 3. C 3. B
4. C 4. A 4. A 4. C
5. A 5. C 5. C 5. B
6. C 6. B 6. C 6. A
7. B 7. C 7. A 7. C
8. C 8. A 8. A 8. B
9. B 9. B 9. B 9. B
10. C 10. B 10. B 10. A
11. A 11. B 11. B 11. A
12. B 12. A 12. C 12. B
13. A 13. C 13. B 13. C
14. A 14. A 14. C 14. B
15. A 15. B 15. B 15. C
16. B 16. B 16. C 16. C
17. C 17. A 17. C 17. C
18. B 18. C 18. B 18. C
19. A 19. A 19. C 19. C
20. A 20. B 20. C 20. C

Revision Exercises 3 Revision Exercises 4 Revision Exercises 5

1. A 1. C 1. C
2. B 2. B 2. C
3. C 3. A 3. C
4. B 4. A 4. C
5. C 5. C 5. A
6. B 6. A 6. C
7. B 7. C 7. C
8. A 8. A 8. B
9. C 9. A 9. C
10. C 10. B 10. A
11. A 11. B 11. C
12. A 12. B 12. A
13. C 13. C 13. A
14. C 14. A 14. A
15. B 15. C 15. C
16. B 16. C 16. C
17. C 17. B 17. A
18. B 18. A 18. C
19. B 19. B 19. C
20. C 20. B 20. C

43 | P a g e Esolnet Hellas