LISTENING 1 SHUTTLE BUS
Ways should he found to use less
1. A. The man should go to the museum
by shuttle bus.
2. D. The man should have studied for the
exam.
3. A. A new building.
4. B. Use computer in the lab.
5. A. She got her watch where his sister
works.
6. A. Find out if classes are cancelled
7. B. She is spending a lot of time in the
library.
8. A. Try to fix what is wrong with the
computer.
9. B. She wants the man to choose quickly.
10. B. She can return the CD to Tom later.
11. B. Make an appointment at the clinic
soon.
12. C. Look at other apartments before
deciding.
13. D. He is not on the basketball team.
14. B. Buy the green shirt.
15. C. The woman is planning to start a new
job.
16. D. See a play with her aunt.
17. C. She thinks she will not need financial
aid.
18. B. The woman does not have to pay
extra for it.
19. A. A small town can have negative
qualities.
20. D. He will not able to coordinate the
program again.
21. C. He is late for an appointment with
the man and woman.
22. B. She can get the materials they gave
out at the meeting.
23. A. He probably will not able to follow
the professor’s advice.
24. B. He doubts that the theater group will
perform a musical next year.
25. C. He wants an appartment near his
work.
26. D. The elections would be held later.
27. A. He did not recommend the lecture.
28. D. She intends to go see the movie.
29. C.
water.
30. C. The new manual has not been
completed yet.
31. C. The class reading list.
32. D. The main character gets into trouble.
33. A. Some British reviewers wrote
favorably about it.
34. C. Phases of language development in
young children.
35. C. They are among the first sounds
babies make.
36. A. Their voice box is not positioned
correctly yet.
37. D. When children lear to associate
sounds with meaning.
38. B. How children are able to learn
language.
39. B. Communication over long distances
in North America.
40. C. The fees of several couriers were
included in the charge.
41. D. A funeral.
42. C. Attracting birds.
43. B. They like to eat them.
44. D. They are baked in the oven.
45. A. It makes the clean and free of germs.
46. C. She collects birds nests.
47. A. How to prevent landslides in
populated areas.
48. B. They can reveal unsafe conditions for
building.
49. B. It helps keep the soil in place.
50. D. A wall that stops water from
draining.
LISTENING 2 HANDWRITING
1. (A) Her notebook is missing.
(B) Her handwriting is difficult to read.
(C) She wasn't in class this morning, either.
(D) She's already lent her notes to someone
else.
2. (A) Get a schedule of events at the athletic
cente
(B) Refer to the bus schedule.
 (C) Wait for the shuttle in the student lounge
. about .
(D) Borrow a schedule from another student .
3. (A) She looks good in blue.
(B) She never wears sweaters.
(C) She might prefer another color.
(D) She enjoys receiving gifts.
4. (A)Someone painted it for her.
(B) She finally had time to paint it.
(C) She decided to paint it later.
(D) Some friends will help her paint it.
5. (A) Today's seminar was informative.
(B) Another seminar will take place the
following week.
(C) Next week's seminar is on a different topic
. (B) He needs to make more coffee for lunch .
(D) There will be two seminars next week.
6. (A) He's usually happy.
(B) He listens to music when he's in a good
mood.
(C) He had to pay a high price for his stereo.
(D) He's pleased with his purchase.
7. (A) He can send the woman additional
information.
(B) The woman received the wrong bill.
(C) He agrees that the charges are too high.
(D) He'll credit the woman's account.
8. (A) Answer her calls.
(B) Take her home.
(C) Write out a list of his calls.
(D) Telephone her later in the day.
9. (A) Taking a test.
(B) Giving Spanish tests to students.
(C) Paying for private lessons.
(D) Studying.
10. (A) The window is broken.
(B) He's nervous about opening the window.
(C)It's not possible to open the window.
(D) It's too cold to open the window.
11. (A) He wasn't offered the job he had talked
(B) He didn't really want to work in the
bookstore .
(C) He didn't know where the bookstore
was.
(D) He didn't refuse the bookstore job.
12. (A) She needed to change the letter before
mailing
it.
(B) She didn't know how much postage was
needed.
(C) She didn't have the right coins to buy
stamps.
(D) The stamp machine has been moved .
13. (A) They should go to lunch soon.
(C) There is enough coffee for several more
cups.
(D) He won't drink any more coffee today.
14. (A)There are too many shopping centers
already.
(B) They aren't really going to build a
shopping
center.
(C) He knew about the planned construction
.
(D) He hasn't been to the other shopping
center .
15. (A) She has to do some work tomorrow.
(B) She'll attend tomorrow's performance .
(C) She doesn't intend to go to the play.
(D) She can't work at the theater tomorrow.
16. (A) She hasn't seen Kate.
(B) Kate has changed her plans.
(C) The man had misunderstood her.
(D) The man should go to New York next
week.
17. (A) He doesn't want to attend the
graduation
ceremony.
(B) He's attended only one graduation
ceremony.
(C) The woman doesn't have to attend the
graduation ceremony.
(D) Attendance is taken at the graduation
ceremony.
18. (A) Someone from the housing office fixed
the
faucet.
(B) Allen called the housing office for her.
(C) She replaced the faucet.
(D) Allen repaired the faucet.
19. (A) He didn't know that the woman was
class
treasurer.
(B) He doesn't want to be treasurer.
(C) He doesn't think the woman should run
for
office.
(D) He didn't know the elections were today.
20. (A) He doesn't have much time for tennis .
(B) He's enthusiastic about his new courses.
(C) He plays tennis better than she does .
(D) He's not very interested in his school
work.
21. (A) He'll drive the woman to the paint store.
(B) He doesn't really like the painting .
(C) He'll hold the painting for the woman .
(D) He doesn't know where the painting is .
22. (A) The man hurried through breakfast.
(B) The room is too warm for a sweater.
(C) The man will be late if he doesn't hurry.
(D) The man's appearance shows that he
was
rushed.
23 .(A) The doctor wasn't feeling well .
(B) He didn't see the new doctor.
(C) The doctor isn't new to the infirmary.
(D) He met the doctor at a conference.
24. (A) Pay Marsha for the bookshelf.
(B) Ask Marsha where the bookshelf is.
(C) Check for the book on Marsha's shelf.
(D) Ask Marsha if she has an extra
bookshelf.
25. (A)The man can get some paper at the new
store.
(B) She just opened a new box of paper.
(C) She'll type the man's paper at her place .
(D) The man can buy today's paper at the
newsstand.
26. (A) She saw only part of it.
(B) She couldn't go to see it.
(C) She wasn't in charge of it.
(D) She didn't understand it.
27. (A) He doesn't like old movies.
(B) He didn't see a large number of movies .
(C) He saw more movies than the woman
did.
(D) His children have seen many movies.
28. (A) The airport is closed due to bad weather.
(B) An earlier closure affected the airport's
schedule.
(C) The flight is following its regular
schedule.
(D) The plane will return to its point of
departure.
29. (A) She hadn't begun to study biology.
(B) She hadn't liked the previous biology
course.
(C) She did very well in elementary biology.
(D) She'd already taken all the biology
courses .
30. (A) She recently moved to Miami.
(B) She needed a vacation.
(C) She'll leave for Miami soon.
(D) She was pleased to get his postcard.
Part B
Questions 31-34
31. (A) It's too noisy.
(B) It's not convenient to the university.
(C) The heating system is defective.
(D) The owner is unpleasant.
32. (A) Tell the owner two months in advance
that
she's moving.
(B) Alert the housing authorities to her
problem.
(C) Move to another apartment in the same
building.
(D) Leave by the end of the month.
33. (A) It must be on a higher floor.
(B) It must have quiet surroundings.
(C) It must be within driving distance of the
university.
(D) It must be in a new building.
34. (A) Rent would be very expensive.
(B) Public transportation wouldn't be
available.
(C) Apartment complexes in Windsor are
old.
(D) Apartments in Windsor tend to be noisy.
Questions 35-38
35. (A) Start a new program at State College.
(B) Study at a different school.
(C) Find a summer job.
(D) Improve her grades.
36. (A) Journalism.
(B) Science.
(C) Management.
(D) Art.
37. (A) Its reputation isn't as good as State
College's .
(B) She can't get a good recommendation
there .
(C) The registration office hasn't answered
her
letters yet .
(D) She may not get accepted there .
38. (A) Use her professors as references.
(B) Study more to improve her grades .
(C) Think more positively about the State
College
program .
(D) Write to the head of the art department .
Part C
Questions 39-41
39. (A) Summer vacation.
(B) The housing office.
(C) Resident advisers.
(D) Check-out procedures.
40. (A) Register for summer school.
(B) Repair holes in room walls.
(C) Return their keys to the housing
office.
(D) Call the housing office.
41. (A) Their summer addresses.
(B) Any damage to their rooms.
(C) When they plan to leave.
(D) Questions for the housing office.
Questions 42-45
42. (A) The liquefaction of gas.
(B) Techniques used for refrigeration.
(C) Materials used to make industrial
containers
(D) The cost of transporting natural gas
43. (A) It becomes brittle.
(B) It expands.
(C) It oxidizes.
(D) It bends.
44. (A) It has a low melting point.
(B)It's expensive.
(C) It often contains impurities.
(D) Its properties are unpredictable.
45. (A) Oxygen.
(B) Aluminum.
(C) Nickel.
(D) Boron.
Questions 46-50
46. (A) Behavior of owls in the wild.
(B) Experiments at the London Zoo.
(C) An investigation of accidental animal
deaths.
(D) An increase in insects at the zoo.
47. (A) Owl cages.
(B) Insecticide spray. 4. A. The woman should continue driving.
(C) Sawdust. B. They will arrive late for dinner.
(D) Mousetraps. C. He forgot to make reservations.
D. He is not sure what is wrong with the car.
48. (A) Rats.
(B) Owls. 5. A. She did not realize that their team had
(C) Mice. won.
(D) Insects. B. Their team nearly lost the game.
C. She called to find out the score of the game.
49. (A) They choked on sawdust. D. Their team usually wins its games.
(B) They were fed contaminated mice.
(C) They were bitten by deadly insects. 6.A. Join him and Mary at the movie.
(D) They escaped from the zoo. B. Ask Mary what she is doing tonight.
C. Invite a group of friends to go to the movie.
50. (A)To illustrate a principle about D. Tell Mary about the movie.
environmental
poisons.
(B) To demonstrate the usefulness of 7. A. Professor Campbell changed the
chemicals. conference time.
(C) To show how bookkeepers raise mice in B. He is planning to stay until the conference is
captivity. finished.
(D) To prove a point about the building C. He will not attend the concert.
industry. D. He will wait for the woman.

8. A. She recently purchased laundry detergent.

LISTENING 3 SNOW B. She will buy some detergent for the man.
C. The Laundromat is around the corner.
1. A.The woman and the man have plans to eat
D. The man can buy detergent at the store.
out together.
B.The woman would prefer to stay home this
9.A. It is next to the Holiday Motel.
evening.
B. It is nicer than the Holiday Motel.
C.The man has changed his mind about the new
C. It is very inexpensive.
restaurant.
D. It is a little farther than the Holiday Motel.
D.The man is sorry he cannot join the woman
for dinner.
10. A. She does not believe it will snow.
B. Snow in October is unusual.
2. A. A plane trip.
C. Canadian winters are rather long.
B. A rental car.
D. Winter is her favorite season.
C. A hotel room.
D. Concert tickets.
11. A. He lost his wallet on a trip to Germany.
B. His private lessons did not help him.
3. A.The woman did not remember her
C. His German tutor charges a reasonable fee.
appointment.
D. He plans to continue taking lessons.
B.The woman needs to get a calendar.
C. The appointment must be changed to a
12. A. The committee has just begun to write
different day.
the report.
D. The calendar shows the wrong month.
B. The report will be short.
C. The committee members have just become
acquainted.
D. The report is finished except for the
introduction.
13. A. They should play another time.
B. They will probably have to play in the gym.
C. He prefers to play in the gym
D. It is not supposed to rain tomorrow.
14. A. Type the letter as it is.
B. Change some wording in his letter.
C. Send the letter without typing it.
D. Check to make sure his facts are correct.
15. A. The woman should call the professor the
next day.
B. He is canceling the choir rehearsal because
of illness.
C. The woman will feel better in a day or two.
D. He will turn up the heat in the choir room.
16. A. They should take another route to the
bank.
B. They turned onto the wrong road.
C. The man will get to the bank before it
closes.
D. The bank will open soon.
17. A. Go out to eat when the museum closes.
B. Check that the museum cafeteria is open.
C. Leave the museum temporarily
D. Meet each other later in the day.
18. A. The woman should have thrown out the
newspapers herself.
B. He does not know where her paper is.
C. The woman's paper is in the trash.
D. He does not have time to help her look for
her paper.
19. A. The woman can make her call
tomorrow.
B. There is a problem with the woman's
telephone.
C. The airline's offices are closed.
D. He does not know what the problem could
be.
20. A. He is very hungry.
B. He has made plans to eat with someone else.
C. He did not like what he ate for lunch.
D. He will go with the woman.
21. A. She is proud of the man.
BShe does not want to see the man's test.
C. She also got a good grade.
D. She has not taken the test yet.
22. A. He will tell the woman what to do.
B. The meeting will have to be postponed.
C. He will get the job done if he gets some
instruction.
D. He will need to throw away most of the
papers.
23. A. Find another sociology course.
B. Look for a job in the sociology department.
C. Ask someone to take notes for her on Friday.
D. Change her work schedule.
24. A. She can help the man until lunchtime.
B. She cannot read the applications until after
her class.
C. She has a class after lunch.
D. She also plans to apply to graduate school.
25. A. Mary will trim her hedge.
B. Phil has a better chance of winning.
C. Mary will win the election.
D. Phil will sit on the ledge.
26. A. He thinks the woman's computer is
broken.
B. He worked on the woman's computer for too
long.
C. He sometimes gets headaches after doing
computer work.
D. He needs to take a longer break.
27. A. The library closed earlier than she
expected.
B. She could not find a birthday present.
C. She picked Jack up at the golf course.
D. The bookstore did not have what she was
looking for.
28. A. The equipment has already been locked
up.
B. The woman should be more careful with the
equipment.
C. He knows how to operate the equipment.
D. He will put the equipment away.
29. A. The man did not give the woman the
notes she needed.
B. The man's notes were hard to understand.
C. The woman wants to borrow the man's
sociology notes.
D. The woman has to organize her psychology
notes.
30. A. The man will find a job if he continues to
look.
B. The man should look for a job in a different
field.
C. The man can get a job where the woman
works.
D. The man should keep his current job.
31. A. She will be able to join the economics
seminar.
B. She has a new printer for her computer.
C. She finished paying back her loan.
D. She got an A on her term paper.
32. A. The importance of paying back loans
promptly.
B. A way to help people improve their economic
conditions.
C. Using computers to increase business
efficiency.
D. The expansion of international business.
33. A. It is the topic of his term paper.
B. He would like to find a job there.
C. His economics professor did research work
there.
D. Microcredit programs have been very
successful there.
34. A. Cancel her credit card.
B. Sign up for the economics seminar.
C. Do research on banks in Asia.
D. Type the man's term paper.
35. A. The life of a well-known Canadian
architect.
B. The architectural design of a new museum.
C. The variety of museums in Washington, D.C.
D. The changing function of the modern
museum.
36. A. Both were designed by the same
architect.
B. Both are located in Washington, D.C.
C. Both feature similar exhibits.
D. Both were built around a central square.
37. A. A classical temple.
B. A well-known museum.
C. A modern office building.
D. A natural landscape.
38. A. Traditional views on the purpose of a
museum.
B. Traditional values of Native Americans.
C. Traditional notions of respect for elected
leaders.
D. Traditional forms of classical architecture.
39. A. They are examples of the usual sequence
of observation and explanation.
B. They provide evidence of inaccurate scientific
observation.
C. Their discovery was similar to that of the
neutrino.
D. They were subjects of 1995 experiments at
Los Alamos.
40. A. Its mass had previously been measured.
B. Its existence had been reported by Los
Alamos National Laboratory.
C. Scientists were looking for a particle with no
mass.
D. Scientists were unable to balance equations
of energy without it.
41. A. That it carries a large amount of energy.
B. That it is a type of electron.
C. That it is smaller in size than previously
thought. 50. A. It would keep trying to reach the rock the
D. That it has a tiny amount of mass. same way.
B. It would try to reach the rock a different
way.
42. A. The clearing of New England forests. C. The scientists would move the spider to the
B. The role of New England trees in British rock.
shipbuilding. D. The scientists would place another spider in
C. The development of the shipbuilding industry the tray.
in New England.
D. The role of the British surveyor general in LISTENING 4 COMEDY
colonizing New England.
1. B. She never heard of the comedy club
2. D. Check with the store later
43. A. Law.
3. B. She doesn’t play volley ball anymore
B. Mathematics.
4. A. The man can’t afford to fail such an
C. History.
important assignment
D. Engineering.
5. D. Finish her paper later that afternoon
6. B. He was unable to buy a gift
44. A. Sugar maple.
7. A. He’d be happy to help the woman
B. Oak.
move her desk
C. White pine.
8. –
D. Birch.
9. A. He wants chocolate ice cream
instead
45. A. Its width.
10. C. She liked the movie
B. Its height.
11. –
C. Its straightness.
12. –
D. Its location.
13. A. She really like the concert she
attended
46. A. M
14. –
B. %
15. B. He needs a table for six
C. K
16. A. He usually prefers to shop in the
D. ->
morning
17. A. Prepare the medicine for the man
47. A. How they swim long distances.
18. C. At dry cleanser’s
B. How they got their name.
19. B. There isn’t enough food for them
C. How they hunt.
both
D. How they solve problems.
20. A. Her arm is healing quickly
21. C. Both women have had there hair cut
48. A. By changing its appearance.
there
B. By imitating signals that the other spiders
22. B. She agrees with the man
send.
23. A. The should tke which ever class he
C. By spinning a large web.
needs more
D. By imitating insects caught in a web.
24. B. Hang up the handphone
25. –
49. A. Avoid attacks by other spiders.
26. C. He always bears the buzzer
B. Cross some water.
27. –
C. Jump to the edge of the tray.
D. Spin a long thread.
28. A. She will arrive in the dallas earlier
than expetied
29. –
30. A. Ed’s atitides would be easy to change
31. B. He has to do a lot of ….for his job
32. A. She has take a speed reading class
33. B. Concern about the time commitment
34. D. At the dean’s office
35. –
STRUCTURE 1
36. B. She has more experience making
prints than the man does Directions : Questions 1-4- are complete
37. A. By systematically reviewing each step sentences you will see, four words or phrases,
in process market (A), (B), (C) and (D). Choose the one
38. B. He adjusted the pressure on the word or phrase that best complete the
printing press incorrectly sentences
39. C. Finding butterfly habitats
40. C. Many different butterfly species live 1. A dominant animal is best defined as one ….
there Actions are not constrained by possible
41. B. Looking for mate responses of its fellows.
42. C. To observe the migration of the a) With
monarch butterflies. b) That is
43. A. A lecture c) Whose
44. B. To make it easier for people with d) Where its *
disabilities to attend shows
45. B. A student discount program, 2. In general, …. Have a professional obligation
46. A. Ticket stubs to protect confidential sources of
47. B. A potential application of laser information.
technology a. Which journalists
48. B. It would be more durable than b. Journalists, they
conventional engines. c. Journalists*
49. B. Air d. Journalists that
50. A laser-powered train engine will be
marketed soon 3. Cobalt resembles iron and nickel in tensile
strength, appreance,…
a. Is hard
b. Although hard
c. Has hardness
d. And hardness*

4. …. Explores the nature of guilt and

responsibility and builds to a remarkable
conclusion.
a. The written beautifully novel
b. The beautifully written novel*
c. The novel beautifully written
d. The written novel beautifully
5. He is a man …. To have the vision of an d. Continue*
eagle and courage of a lion.
a. Who appears* 12. …. Social meeting birds that build their
b. He appears nests in tress and on clifis.
c. Who appear a. Most stocks are*
d. He appear b. Stocks most
c. The most stocks
6. …. Getting the highest result in the class, d. Most are stocks
john still had problems with his teacher.
a. Despite of 13 ….. was awarded the Nobel Prize in physics
b. In spite of for this work on the phoneletric effect.
c. Even though* a. That enstein
d. Nonetheless b. It was enstein
c. Enstein who
7. This new service will be available to all users d. Enstein*
…. Up for paid membership.
a. That signed*
b. That signed it 14. .Emma Thompson was nominated for an
c. Which signed Academy Award as both a Screenwriher…an
d. Sign actress in 1996.

a) Also
8. I think Jane deserved to be fired for her …. b) Or
a. Totally behavior irresponsible c) In addition
b. Behavior totally irresponsible d) And*
c. Irresponsible totally behavior
d. Totally irresponsible behavior* 15. Because of its warm tropical climate,
howards…. Subzero temperature.
9. Acute hearing helps most animals sense the a) Almost experience never
approach of thunderstorms long before b) Expreriance never almost
people …. c) Experiences almost never
a. Hear d) Almost never expreriance*
b. Hearing them
c. Do* 16. from the inception of his long and
d. Do them distingshed carrer, frank lieyd wright was
concerned with how … architecture with
10. Of all economically important phants,palms topography.
have been …
a. The least studied* a) Integrating
b. Study less and less b) To integrate*
c. Study the least c) Did the integrate
d. To study the less d) Integrated

17. Egyptian pyramids were regurally robbed

11. With the passing of the time and the
despire their intricate pessegewrys,
emoarchement of people, the habitat of
byzantine mazes, and …
garillas … to decrease
a. Containing a) Walls which were false
b. Continius b) They had false walls
c. Which continue
 c) False walls* many great difficults in promoting their theories
d) Walls of falsity and methods.

18. The Duncan sofa, …. Is highly valued in a) They*

todays antique furniture market. b) Who
c) Which
a) A colonial masterpiece* d) He
b) A colonial masterpiece which
c) It is a colonial masterpiece that STRUCTURE 2
d) Whose colonial masterpiece
1. The tongue can move and play a vital role in
19.Maine’s coastline is a major attraction and chewing, …..…, and speaking.
vista of sandy beaches contrasted… a. to b. swallowing
rockbound shoreline. c. for d. of

a) To the rugged* 2. Instead of being housed in one central bank,

b) By the rugged the Federal Reserve System is to….. into twelve
c) On the rugged districts.
d) At the rugged a. dividing b. divided
c. division d. divides
20. At the seventh international ballet
competions, Fernando Bujones won the
3. Those species are cultivated for
first, gold modal ever … to a Unites States
their…….follage.
make dancer
a. beautifully b. beau
a) That award c. beauty d. beautiful
b) Should be awarding
c) To be awarded* 4. Kiwi birds mainly eat insects, worms, and
d) To award snails and……. For their food by probing the
ground with their long bills.
21. the best-known diffuse nebuls is the great a. searching b. searches
Orion Nebuls …. Can be seen by the narked c. searched d. search
eye.
5. He founded that city in 1685, and…..quickly
a) It grew to be the largest city in colonial America.
b) Which* a. he b. it
c) One c. it d. we
d) Who
6. Fewer people reside in Newfoundland than
22. Over time the young students will perfect
in……Canadian province except Prince Edward
the art of piano playing. After all, such ….
Island.
Needs delicate handling .
a. other b. one another
a) A tuned instrument finely c. any other d. others
b) A finely instrument tuned
c) An instrument tuned finely 7. Dr. Bethune, the founder of Bethune-
d) A finely tuned instrument* Cookman College, served as…….to both Franklin
Rosevelt and Harry Truman.
23. Before Johnson and smith reached great a. advise b. advised
heights in the business world, … encountered c. an advisor d. advising
8. Some plants produse…………poisons that can 16. most tree frogs change color to
affect a person even if he or she merely brushes harmonize…………
against them. a. to their background
a. irritating b. irritated b. with their background
c. irritability d. irritation c. on their background
d. in background of them
9. Accute hearing helps most animals sense the
approach of thunderstorms long before 17. due to the refraction of light rays,…. Is
people…. impossible for the naked eye to determine the
a. hearing them b. do exact location of a star close to the horizon.
c. do them c. hear a. it b. this
c. that d. there
10. The rotation of the Earth on its axis
is…….the alternation of periods of light and 18. Modern poets have experimented with
darkness. poetic devices…………..and assonance.
a. responsible in b. responsible for a. as such alliteration
c. responsible with d. responsible to b. such as alliteration
c. such alliteration as
11. Doctors are not sure……fever d. alliteration such as
a. exactly how disease causes
b. diseases exactly causes how 19. Birds’ eggs vary greatly…….size, shape, and
c. how disease causes exactly color.
d. how exactly causes disease a. with b. of
c. at d. in
12. ……….Burmese breed of cat was developed
in the US during the 1930’s. 20. Fredrick dedicated……….of slavery and the
a. The b. When the fight for civil rights.
c. While the d. Since the a. his life to work the abolishment
b. his life to working for the abolishment
13. Along the rocky shores of New c. his life to work to abolish
England………and tidal marsh. d. his life to working in abolish
a. are where stretches of sandy beach
b. stretches of sandy are there 21. Mount Edith Cavell, a peak in the Canadian
c. are stretches of sandy beach Rockies, is named……
d. stretches of sandy beach are a. a famous after nurses
b. after a famous nurse
14. lina was nominated for an award as both a c. nurses after a famous
screenwriter……..an actress in 2009. d. after famous nurses
a. also b. in addition
c. and d. but 22. Xanthines have both
Good and bad effects on the body, and these
15. An erupting volcano sometimes affects……of effects…..the size and regularity of dosage.
the surrounding region and can even cause a. are generally determined by
lakes to disappear. b. are generally determined on
a. feature b. the featured c. are generally determined in
c. featuring d. the feature d. are generally determined with
23. when a severe ankle injury forced….to give a. methods use by
up reporting in 1926, M.Mitchell began writing b. they used methods
her novel Gone with the wind. c. the methodology used
a. herself b. her d. using the methods of
c. hers d. she
31. the short story most naturally flourishes in
24. one of the most difficult questions in an age…..with simplicity and directness.
difining sleep is “what……the functions of a. what it expresses
sleep?” b. that expresses itself
a. is b. has c. which expressing
c. have d. are d. it is expressed

25. the museum houses…..of various objects 32. Naval cartographers’ knowledge of surface
documenting the vibrancy of the cultures. ocean currents is much more
a. five thousands pieces complete…….subsurface currents.
b. pieces five thousands a. than b. than in
c. five thousand pieces c. than those of d. than that of
d. thousands five pieces
33. Unless exposed to light….plant cells do not
26. …….in the same direction as their orbital produce chlorophyll.
motions, while Venus and Uranus rotate a. most of b. the most of
oppositely. c. the most d. most
a. seven of planets rotate
b. seven planets rotate 34. Temperature levels in an oven are varied
c. seven rotate of planets according to the kinds of…
d. seven rotate planets a. are foods baked
b. foods to be baked
27. in the US….. to the national legislature c. are baked foods
comprising the house of Representatives and d. foods are baking
the Senate.
a. voters elect representatives 35. the three most common states of matter
b. representatives elect voters are….
c. elect representatives voters a. solidity, liquid, and gas
d. voters election representative b. solid, liquefy, and gas
c. solidity, liquidate, and gas
28. it is the interaction between people, rather d. solid, liquid, and gas
than the events that occur in their lives,……the
main focus of social psychology. 36. the snowy egret is about the size…..crow
a. which are b. that are a. large b. of a large
c. which is d. that is c. of large d. a large

29. Today…..fewer than one hundred varieties 37. it has been found that chronic loud noise
cultivated flowers. may lead to….hearing loss
a. are b. have a. temporary or permanently
c. there are d. have there b. temporarily or permanent
c. temporarily or permanently
30. …….some of the famous detectives in d. temporary or permanent
literature are based on deductive reasoning.
38. with modern machinery, textile mills can A. ninety-story-tall
manufacture as much fabric in a few seconds B. ninety-tall-story
as…..weeks o produce by hands C. ninety-stories-tall
a. workers once took it D. ninety stories
b. took workers it once
c. it took once workers 5. Their office consisted of three rooms,
d. it once took workers __________ was used as a conference room.
A. larger of which
39. Norman Mailers first….with his war novel B. the largest of which
The Naked and The Dead, published in 1948. C. the largest of them
a. Successfully achieved D. largest
b. achieved success
6. In the past six months, the company has
c. successful achievement
already received twice __________ in gross
d. achievement of success
revenues as it earned in the entire preceding
year.
40. Through the years, the job of governing
A. as much
cities has become …..complex.
B. more
a. so much increasingly
C. as many
b. increasingly whole
D. as more
c. increasingly
d. what is increasingly 7. __________ better, the team would have
been able to defeat the opponent.
STRUCTURE 3 A. If it prepares
B. If prepares
1.Neither Professor Johnson nor any other C. Preparing
faculty member __________ to apply for the D. Had it prepared
dean’s position.
A. intend 8. Nobody knows why __________ postponed
B. intends until next week.
C. are intending A. the meeting
D. has intend B. was the meeting
C. did the meeting
2. E. Coli has proven to be __________ most D. the meeting was
dangerous bacteria that can be acquired from
food and water, even in developed countries. 9. The curriculum at the public school is as good
A. one of the __________ of any private school.
B. one of A. or better than
C. one B. as or better that
D. of one C. as or better than that
D. as or better than those
3. The death toll would __________ much
higher if immediate action had not been taken. 10. Being a private university, __________ a
A. probably being well-organized charitable giving program in
B. probably be order to offer a sufficient number of quality
C. probably been courses and activities.
D. be probable A. development of
B. it developed
4. A fire in the __________ building could be a
problem for firefighters.
C. develop
D. developing
11. Internet companies rely heavily on income
from on-line purchases, but __________.
A. traditional companies as well
B. traditional companies too
C. also traditional companies
D. so do traditional companies
12. The company had difficulty distributing
__________ so that they could meet production
quotas.
A. sufficiently number of parts in a timely
manner to its manufacturers
B. a sufficient number of parts to its
manufacturers in a timely manner
C. to its manufacturers in a timely manner a
sufficient number of parts
D. in a timely manner to its manufacturers a
sufficient number of parts
13. The company sustained an angry reaction
from its employees after announcing how
__________ to reduce operating costs.
A. it planned
B. planned
C. did it plan
D. was planned
14. The gymnasium facilities of this public
school are __________ those of the finest
private school in the county.
A. second after
B. second only to
C. first except for
D. second place from
15. The more the horse tried to free itself from
the restraint, __________.
A. the tighter it became
B. it became tighter
C. the horse could not escape
D. it was unable to move
16. __________, that runner is likely to be the
first one chosen.
A. Due to her agility and speed
B. Because of she is agile and fast
C. Because agile and rapid
D. Because her agility and speed
17. It was not until the students were seated
__________ the proctor realized he had the
wrong test booklets.
A. that
B. when
C. as soon as
D. and
18. As a result of the additional rain with so
much flooding already having occurred,
residents were seeking shelter __________
than in previous years.
A. in more numbers
B. more numerously
C. greater in numbers
D. in greater numbers
19. The company president wrote an e-mail and
planned to send __________ as soon as the
vote was complete.
A. to all directors the message
B. the message by all directors
C. message to all directors
D. the message to all directors
20. As the result of Diane’s illness and the
effects of the medication, __________ to curtail
her work and public speaking activities.
A. has
B. had
C. she has had
D. she will had
21. __________ did Arthur realize that there
was danger.
A. Upon entering the store
B. When he entered the store
C. After he had entered the store
D. Only after entering the store
22. Hardly __________ the office when he
realized that he had forgotten his wallet.
A. he had entered
B. had entered
C. entered
D. had he entered
23. Once the employees had begun receiving (B) to be developing
financial information on the company, (C) who developed
__________ income. (D) developing it
A. they diligently assisted in reducing costs and
increasing 4. _____ all rainwater falling from a cloud
B. it made the employees more eager to assist reaches the ground; some of it is lost through
in reduce costs and increase evaporation.
C. diligently they assist to reduce costs and (A) Nowhere
increase (B) Not
D. with extreme diligence helped lower costs (C) No
and increase (D) None

24. The plumber attempted to loosen the nut 5. In an area first explored by Samuel de
with regular pliers but then decided he needed Champlain, ______ .
to retrieve his toolbox in order to use (A) establishment of the city of Halifax in 1749
__________. (B) in 1749 the city of Halifax established
A. another pliers (C) in 1749, establishing the city of Halifax
B. others pliers (D) the city of Halifax was established in 1749
C. the others ones
D. another pair 6. A nation's merchant marine is made up of its
25. The committee has met and __________. commercial ships and the people ______
A. have approve the budget them.
B. budget was approved (A) they operate
C. its approval of the budget (B) who operate
D. approved the budget (C) they operate of
(D) do they operate
STRUCTURE 4
7. ______ Nat Turner who led a revolt against
1 . Hanya Holm is a dancer, choreographer and slavery in Virginia in 1831.
_____ . (A) Where was
(A) dance that she teaches (B) It was
(B) her teaching of dance (C) He was
(C) to teach dancing (D) That he was
(D) dance teacher
8. The most elaborate of all bird nests ______ ,
2. During an eclipse of the Sun, ______ in the domed communal structure built by
shadow of the Moon. social weaverbirds.
(A) the Earth lies (A) larger
(B) the Earth when lying (B) largely is
(C) that the Earth lies (C) the large
(D) the lying Earth (D) is the large

3. Under the influence of Ezra Pound, Hilda 9. William Walker's mural, "Wall of Respect,"
Doolittle became associated with the ______ an outdoor wall in Chicago, deals
Imagists, and ______ into one of the most with social issues.
original poets of the group. (A) covers
(A) developed (B) covers it
(C) which covers (A) so called is
(D) which it covers (B) so is called
(C) is so called
10. Studies of the gravity field of the Earth (D) called is so
indicate ______ yield when unusual weight is
placed on them.
(A) although its crust and mantle
(B) its crust and mantle to
(C) that its crust and mantle
(D) for its crust and mantle to

11. The columbine flower, ______ to nearly all

of the United States, can be raised from
seed in almost any garden.
(A) native
(B) how native is
(C) how native is it
(D) is native

12. The photoperiodic response of algae

actually depends on the duration of darkness,
______ .
(A) the light is not on
(B) and not on light
(C) but is not on the light
(D) is not on light

13. ______, the first Black denomination in the

United States.
(A) Richard Alien founded the African
Methodist Episcopal Church
(B) Richard Alien, who founded the African
Methodist Episcopal Church
(C) The African Methodist Episcopal Church
founded by Richard Alien
(D) The foundation of the African Methodist
Episcopal Church by Richard Alien

14. The annual worth of Utah's manufacturing is

greater than ______ .
(A) that of its mining and farming combined
(B) mining and farming combination
(C) that mining and farming combined
(D) of its combination mining and farming

15. The wallflower ______ because its weak

stems often grow on walls and along stony
cliffs for support.
READING 1 theft, the Alaska pipeline has been completed
and is operating.
The Alaska pipeline starts at the frozen edge of
the Arctic Ocean. It stretches southward across 1. The passage primarily discusses the
the largest and northernmost state in the pipeline's
United States, ending at a remote ice-free
A. operating costs
seaport village nearly 800 miles from where it
begins. It is massive in size and extremely B. employees
complicated to operate The steel pipe crosses C. consumers
windswept plains and endless miles of delicate
tundra that tops the frozen ground. It weaves D. construction
through crooked canyons, climbs sheer 2. The word "it" in line 5 refers to
mountains, plunges over rocky crags, makes its
way through thick forests, and passes over or A. pipeline
under hundreds of rivers and streams. The pipe B. ocean
is 4 feet in diameter, and up to 2 million barrels
C. state
(or 84 million gallons) of crude oil can be
pumped through it daily. Resting on H-shaped D. village
steel racks called "bents," long sections of the
3. According to the passage, 84 million
pipeline follow a zigzag course high above the
gallons of oil can travel through the
frozen earth. Other long sections drop out of
pipeline each
sight beneath spongy or rocky ground and
return to the down route is determined by the A. day
often harsh demands surface later on. The B. week
pattern of the pipeline's up-and of the arctic
and subarctic climate, the tortuous lay of C. month
permafrost (permanently frozen ground). A D. year
little more the land, and the varied
compositions of soil, rock, or than half of the 4. The phrase "Resting on" in line 15 is
pipeline is elevated above the ground. closest in meaning to
depending largely upon the type of terrain and A. consisting of
the The remainder is buried anywhere from 3 to
12 feet, properties of the soil approximately $8 B. supported by
billion and is by far the biggest One of the C. passing under
largest in the world, the pipeline cost and most
D. protected with
expensive construction project ever undertaken
by private industry. In fact, no single business 5. The author mentions all of the following
could raise that much money, so eight major oil as important in determining the
the costs. Each company controlled oil rights to pipeline's route EXCEPT the
companies formed a consortium in order to A. climate
share particular shares of land in the oil fields
and paid into the pipeline-construction fund B. lay of the land itself
according to the size of its holdings. Today, C. local vegetation
despite enormous breakdowns, labor
disagreements, treacherous problems of D. kind of soil and rock
climate, supply shortages, equipment terrain, a 6. The word "undertaken" in line 31 is
certain amount of mismanagement, and even closest in meaning to
 A. removed
B. selected
C. transported
D. attempted
7. How many companies shared the costs
of constructing the pipeline?
A. three
B. four
C. eight
D. twelve
8. The word "particular" in line 35 is
closest in meaning to
A. peculiar
B. specific
C. exceptional
D. equal
9. Which of the following determined
what percentage of the construction
costs each member of the consortium
would pay?
A. How much oil field land each
company owned
B. How long each company had
owned land in the oil fields
C. How many people worked for
each company
D. How many oil wells were
located on the company's land
10. Where in the passage does the author
provide a term for an earth covering
that always remains frozen?
A. Line 4
When we accept the evidence of our
unaided eyes and describe the Sun as a yellow
star, we have summed up the most important
single fact about it-at this moment in time. It
appears probable, however, that sunlight will
be the color we know for only a negligibly small
part of the Sun's history. Stars, like individuals,
age and change. As we look out into space, we
see around us stars at all stages of evolution.
There are faint blood-red dwarfs so cool that
their surface temperature is a mere 4,000
degrees Fahrenheit, there are searing ghosts
blazing at 100, 000 degrees Fahrenheit and
almost too hot to be seen, for the great part of
their radiation is in the invisible ultraviolet
range.
1. What is the passage mainly about?
(A) Faint dwarf stars
(B) The evolutionary cycle of the Sun
(C) The Sun's fuel problem
(D) The dangers of invisible radiation
2. What does the author say is especially
important about the Sun at the present time?
(A) It appears yellow
(B) It always remains the same
(C) It has a short history
(D) It is too cold
3. Why are very hot stars referred to as
"ghosts"?
(A) They are short- lived.
(B) They are mysterious.

B. Line 15 (C) They are frightening.

C. Line 23 (D) They are nearly invisible.
D. Line 37
4. According to the passage as the Sun
continues to age, it is likely to become what
color?
 (A) Yellow (C) revitalization

(B) Violet (D) unionization

(C) Red 3. In line 10 the word "encroachment" refers to

which of the following?
(D) White
(A) The smell of the factories
5. In line 15, to which of the following does "it"
refer? (B) The growth of mill towns

(A) yellow "hump" (C) The development of waterways

(B) day (D) The loss of jobs

(C) Sun 4. Which of the following was NOT mentioned

in the passage as a factor in nineteenth-
(D) hydrogen fuel century suburbanization?

(A) Cheaper housing

If by "suburb" is meant an (B) Urban crowding
urban margin that grows more
rapidly than its already developed (C) The advent of an urban middle class
interior, the process of
suburbanization began during the (D) The invention of the electric streetcar
emergence of the industrial city in
5. It can be inferred from the passage that after
the second quarter of the
1890 most people traveled around cities by
nineteenth century. Before that
period the city was a small highly (A) automobile
compact cluster in which people
moved about on foot and goods (B) cart
were conveyed by horse and cart.
(C) horse-draw trolley
1. Which of the following is the best title for the
passage? (D) electric streetcar

(A) The growth of Philadelphia 6. Where in the passage does the author
describe the cities as they were prior to
(B) The Origin of the Suburb suburbanization.

(C) The Development of City (A) Lines 3-5

Transportation
(B) Lines 5-9
(D) The Rise of the Urban Middle Class
(C) Lines 12- 13
2. The author mentions that areas bordering
the cities have grown during periods of (D) Lines 15-18

(A) industrialization The first English attempts to

colonize North America were
(B) inflation controlled by individuals rather
 than companies. Sir Humphrey
Gilbert was the first Englishman to
send colonists to the New World.
His initial expedition, which sailed
in 1578 with a patent granted by
Queen Elizabeth was defeated by
the Spanish. A second attempt
ended in disaster in 1583, when
Gilbert and hi ship were lost in a
storm. In the following year,
Gilbert's half brother, Sir Water
Raleigh, having obtained a renewal
of the patent, sponsored an
expedition that explored the coast
of the region that he named
"Virginia
1. Which of the following would be the most
appropriate title for the passage?
(A) The Regulation of Trading Companies
(B) British - Spanish Rivalry in the New
World
(C) Early Attempts at Colonizing North
America
(D) Royal Patents Issued in the 16th
Century
2. The passage states which of the following
about the first English people to be involved
in establishing colonies in North America?
(A) They were requested to do so by
Queen Elizabeth.
(B) They were members of large trading
companies.
(C) They were immediately successful.
(D) They were acting on their own.
3. According to the passage, which of the
following statements about Sir Humphrey
Gilbert is true?
(A) He never settled in North America.
(B) His trading company was given a
patent by the queen.
(C) He fought the Spanish twice.
(D) He died in 1587.
4. When did Sir Walter Raleigh's initial
expedition set out for North America?
(A) 1577
(B) 1579
(C) 1582
(D) 1584
5. Which of the following can be inferred from
the passage about members of the first
Roanoke settlement?
(A) They explored the entire coastal
region.
(B) Some did not survive.
(C) They named the area "Virginia".
(D) Most were not experienced sailors.
6. According to the passage, the first English
settlement on Roanoke Island was
established in
(A) 1578
(B) 1583
(C) 1585
(D) 1587
7. According to the passage, which of; the
following statements about the second
settlement on Roanoke Island is true?
(A) Its settlers all gave up and returned to
England.
(B) It lasted for several years.
 (C) The fate of its inhabitants is
unknown.
(D) It was conquered by the Spanish.
BADCC BABADA CDADBCC
Botany, the study of plants,
occupies a peculiar position in the
history of human knowledge. For
many thousands of years it was the
one field of awareness about which
humans had anything more than
the vaguest of insights. It is
impossible to know today just what
our Stone Age ancestors knew
about plants, but from what we
can observe of pre-industrial
societies that still exist, a detailed
learning of plants and their
properties must be extremely
ancient.
1. Which of the following assumptions about
early humans is expressed in the passage?
(A) They probably had extensive
knowledge of plants.
(B) They thought there was no need to
cultivate crops.
(C) They did not enjoy the study of
botany.
(D) They placed great importance on the
ownership of property.
2. What does the comment "This is logical" in
line 6 mean?
(A) There is no clear way to determine
the extent of our ancestor’s
knowledge of plants.
(B) It is not surprising that early humans
had a detailed knowledge of plants.
(C) It is reasonable to assume that our
ancestors behaved very much like
people in preindustrial societies.
(D) Human knowledge of plants is well
organized and very detailed.
3. According to the passage, why has general
knowledge of botany begun to fade?
(A) People no longer value plants as a
useful resource.
(B) Botany is not recognized as a special
branch of science.
(C) Research is unable to keep up with
the increasing numbers of plants.
(D) Direct contact with a variety of
plants has decreased.
4. In line 16, what is the author’s purpose in
mentioning "a rose, an apple, or an orchid"?
(A) To make the passage more poetic
(B) To cite examples of plants that are
attractive
(C) To give botanical examples that all
readers will recognize
(D) To illustrate the diversity of botanical
life
5. According to the passage, what was the first
great step toward the practice of agriculture?
(A) The invention of agricultural
implements and machinery
(B) The development of a system of
names for plants
(C) The discovery of grasses that could
be harvested and replanted
(D) The changing diets of early humans
6. The relationship between botany and
agriculture is similar to the relationship
between zoology (the study of animals) and
(A) deer hunting
(B) bird watching
(C) sheep raising
(D) horseback riding
7. In which lines in the passage does the author
describe the beneficial properties that plants
have for humans?
(A) Lines 1-2
(B) Lines 7-9
(C) Lines 11-12
(D) Lines 14-16
ABDCCCB
The agricultural revolution in the nineteenth
century involved two things: the invention of
labor-saving machinery and. the development
of scientific agriculture. Labor - saying
machinery, naturally appeared, first where
labor was 8carce. "In Europe," said, Thomas
Jefferson, the object is to make the most of:
their land, labor being abundant;. here it, is to
make the most of our labor, land being
abundant. It was in America, therefore, that the
great advances in nineteenth - century
agricultural machinery first came.
1. What is the main topic of the passage?
(A) The need for agricultural advances to
help feed a growing population
(B) The development of safer machines
demanded by the labor movement
(C) Machinery that contributed to the
agricultural revolution
(D) New Jersey as a leader in the
agricultural revolution
2. The word "naturally" as used in line 3 is
closest in meaning to which of the following?
(A) Gradually
(B) Unsurprisingly
(C) Apparently
(D) Safely
3. The expression "make the most of" in line 4 is
closest in meaning to which of the following?
(A) Get the best yield from
(B) Raise the price of
(C) Exaggerate the worth of
(D) Earn a living on
4. Which of the following can be inferred from
what Thomas Jefferson said?
(A) Europe was changing more quickly
than America.
(B) Europe had greater need of farm
machinery than America did.
(C) America was finally running out of
good farmland.
(D) There was a shortage of workers on
American farms.
5. It can be inferred that the word "here' in line
4 refers to
(A) Europe
(B) America
(C) New Jersey
(D) Indiana
6. What point is the author making by stating
that farmers could carry nearly all their tools
On their backs?
 (A) Farmers had few tools before the
agricultural revolution.
(B) Americans were traditionally self -
reliant.
(C) Life on the farm was extremely
difficult.
(D) New tools were designed to be
portable.
7. Why did farmers reject Newbold's plow?
(A) Their horses were frightened by it.
(B) They preferred lighter tools.
(C) It was too expensive.
(D) They thought it would ruin the land.
CBADBAD
It was not "the comet of the
century experts predicted it might
be. Nevertheless, Kohoutek had
provided a bonanza of scientific
information. It was first spotted
370 million miles from Earth, by an
astronomer who was searching the
sky for asteroids, and after whom
the comet was named. Scientists
who tracked Kohoutek the ten
months before it passed the Earth
predicted the comet would be a
brilliant spectacle.
1. What is the subject of the passage?
(A) What was learned from Kohoutek
(B) What was disappointing about
Kohoutek
(C) Where Kohoutek was spotted
(D) How Kohoutek was tracked
2. Why was Kohoutek referred to as "the comet
of the century"?
(A) It was thought to be extremely old.
(B) It passes the Earth once a century.
(C) Scientists predicted it would be very
bright.
(D) Scientists have been tracking it for a
century.
3. In what respect was Kohoutek a
disappointment?
(A) It could be seen only through special
equipment.
(B) It did not approach the Earth.
(C) It did not provide valuable scientific
information.
(D) It was moving too rapidly for
scientists to photograph.
4. Before the investigation of Kohoutek, where
had methyl cyanide been known to exist?
(A) In comets
(B) On asteroids
(C) Between Jupiter and Neptune
(D) Beyond the Earth's solar system
5. According to the passage, what is one major
component of Jupiter?
(A) Hydrogen cyanide
(B) Methyl cyanide
(C) Hydrogen
(D) Ammonia
6. What aspect of Kohoutek did scientists find
most interesting?
(A) Its shape
(B) Its composition
 (C) Its orbit 1. Which of the following is the main topic of
the passage?
(D) Its size (A) The varieties of ocean life
(B) The characteristics of the sea anemone
7. Which of the following questions is best
(C) A comparison of land and sea anemones
answered by information gained from
(D) The defenses of coelenterates
Kohoutek?

(A) Where were comets formed? 2. The work "shape" in line 1 is closest in
meaning to
(B) When were comets formed? (A) length
(B) grace
(C) When was the solar system formed? (C) form
(D) nature
(D) How was the solar system formed?
3. The author compares a sea anemone's
tentacles to a flower's.
READING NEW (A) stem
(B) petals
Questions1-11 (C) leaves
(D) roots
With its radiant color and plantlike shape,
the sea anemone looks more like a flower than 4.It can be inferred from the passage that
an animal. More specifically, the sea anemone hydras
is formed quite like the flower for which it is (A) were named after a flower
named, with a body like a stem and tentacles (B) are usually found in Australia
like petals in brilliant shades of blue, green, (C) prey on sea anemones
pink, and red. Its diameter varies from about six (D) are related to sea anemones
millimeters in some species to more than
ninety centimeters in the giant varieties of 5. It can be inferred from the passage that sea
Australia. Like corals, hydras, and jellyfish, sea anemones are usually found
anemones are coelenterates. They can move (A) attached to stationary surfaces
slowly, but more often they attach the lower (B) hidden inside cylindrical objects
part of their cylindrical bodies to rocks, shells, (C) floating among underwater flowers
or wharf pilings. 'The upper end of the sea (D) searching for food
anemone has a mouth surrounded by tentacles
that the animal uses to capture its food. 6. The word "capture" in line 8 is closest in
Stinging cells in the tentacles throw out tiny meaning to
poison threads that paralyze other small sea (A) catch
animals. The tentacles then drag this prey into (B) control
the sea anemone's mouth. The food is (C) cover
digested in the large inner body cavity. When (D) clean
disturbed, a sea anemone retracts its tentacles
and shortens its body so that it resembles a 7. The word "retracts" in line 11 is closest in
lump on a rock. Anemones may reproduce by meaning to
forming eggs, dividing in half, or developing (A) pulls back
buds that grow and break off as independent (B) relaxes
animals. (C) reproduces
(D) lifts up
8. According to the passage, when a sea
anemone is bothered it
(A) hides under a rock
(B) alters its shape
(C) changes colors
(D) ejects a poisonous substance
9. The sea anemone reproduces by
(A) budding only
(B) forming eggs only
(C) budding or dividing only
(D) budding, forming eggs, or dividing
10. Based on the information in the passage, all
of the following statements about sea
anemones are true EXCEPT that they
(A) are usually tiny
(B) have flexible bodies
(C) are related to jellyfish
(D) arc usually brightly colored
11. Where does the author mention the, sea
anemone's food-gathering technique?
(A) Lines 1-2
(B) Lines 4-6
(C) Lines 7-10
(D) Lines 11-14
Questions 12-23
Barbara Kasten is an artist who makes
photographs of constructions that she creates
for
the purpose of photographing them. In her
studio she arranges objects such as mirrors,
solid
forms, and flat surfaces into what could be
called large still life arrangements, big enough
to
walk into .She lights the construction, then
rearranges and rephotographs it until she
arrives
at a final image. She also photographs away
from her studio at various architectural sites,
bringing camera, lights mirrors, and a crew of
assistants to transform the site into her own
abstract image.
Kasten starts a studio construction with a
simple problem, such as using several circular
and rectangular mirrors . She puts the first
objects in place, sets up a camera, then goes
back
and forth arranging objects and seeing how
they appear in the camera. Eventually she
makes
instant color prints to see what the image looks
like. At first she works only with objects,
concentrating on their composition; then she
lights them and adds color from lights covered
with colored filters .
Away from the studio, at architectural sites,
the cost of the crew and the equipment rental
means she has to know in advance what she
wants to do. She visits each location several
times to make sketches and test shots. Until she
brings in the lights, however, she cannot
predict exactly what they will do to the image,
so there is some improvising on the spot.
12. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) The techniques of a photographer
(B) The advantages of studio photography
(C) Industrial construction sites
(D) An architect who appreciates fine art
13. Which of the following would be an example
of one of the "constructions" referred to
in line 1?
(A) A still life arrangement
(B) Natural landscapes
(C) An instant color print
(D) A colored filter
14. In line 2, why does the author mention
mirrors?
(A) They are part of the camera.
(B) Kasten uses them as subjects.
(C) The crew needs them.
(D) Photography mirrors life.
15. The word "transform" in line 6 is closest in
meaning to
(A) move
(B) extend
(C) change (A) She does not use lights outdoors.
(D) interpret (B) Her work outdoors is more unpredictable.
(C) She works alone outdoors.
16. It can be inferred from the passage that (D) She makes more money from her work
Kasten makes instant prints to outdoors .
(A) give away
(B) sell as souvenirs 23. Where in the passage does the author
(C) include as part of the construction suggest that the constructions that Kasten
(D) see what the construction looks like at that photographs are life-sized?
stage (A) Lines2-4
(B) Lines 5-7
17. The word "composition" in line 12 is closest (C) Lines 12- 14
in meaning to (D) Lines 16-I7
(A) arrangement
(B) brightness Questions 24-33
(C) quality
(D) size The temperature of the Sun is over 5.000
degrees Fahrenheit at the surface, but it rises to
18. The word "them" in line 12 refers to perhaps more than 16 million degrees at the
(A) prints center. The Sun is so much hotter than the
(B) lights Earth
(C) objects that matter can exist only as a gas , except at
(D) filters the core. In the core of the Sun, the pressures
are
19. The word "shots" in line 16 is closest in so great against the gases that, despite the high
meaning to temperature, there may be a small solid core.
(A) injections However, no one really knows, since the center
(B) photographs of the Sun can never be directly observed.
(C) loud noises
(D) effective remarks Solar astronomers do know that the Sun is
divided into five layers or zones. Starting at
20. The word "they" in line 17 refers to the outside and going down into the Sun, the
(A) architectural styles zones are the corona, chromosphere , photo-
(B) sketches sphere, convection zone, and finally the core.
(C) colored filters The first three zones are regarded as the Sun's
(D) lights atmosphere. But since the Sun has no solid
surface, it is hard to tell where the atmosphere
21. Why does Kasten visit the location of ends and the main body of the Sun begins.
outdoor work before the day of the
actual shooting? The Sun's outermost layer begins about
(A) To plan the photograph 10,000 miles above the visible surface and goes
(B) To purchase film and equipment outward for millions of miles. This is the only
(C) To hire a crew part of the Sun that can be seen during an
(D) To test the lights eclipse such as the one in February 1979. At any
other time, the corona can be seen only
22. How is Kasten's studio work different from when special instruments are used on cameras
her work at architectural sites ? and telescopes to shut out the glare of the
Sun's rays.
 The corona is a brilliant, pearly white, filmy the Sun
light, about as bright as the full Moon. Its (D) photograph the Sun
beautiful rays are a sensational sight during an
eclipse. The corona's rays flash out in a 29. It can be inferred from the passage that a
brilliant fan that has wispy spikelike rays near clear view of the Sun's outer layer is
the Sun's north and south poles. The corona usually prevented by
is thickest at the Sun's equator . (A) the Sun's rays
(B) an eclipse
The corona rays are made up of gases (C) lack of light
streaming outward at tremendous speeds and (D) the great distance
reaching a temperature of more than 2 million
degrees Fahrenheit. The rays of gas thin out 30. The word "sensational'' in line 17 is closest
as they reach the space around the planets- By in meaning to
the time the Sun's corona rays reach the (A) spectacular
Earth, they are weak and invisible. (B) predictable
(C) bizarre
24. The word "great" in line 4 is closest in (D) constant
meaning to
(A) dangerous 31 . According to the passage, as the corona
(B) unknown rays reach the planets, they become
(C) variable (A) hotter
(D) strong (B) clearer
(C) thinner
25. With what topic is the second paragraph (D) stronger
mainly concerned?
(A) How the Sun evolved 32. The paragraphs following the passage most
(B) The structure of the Sun likely discuss which of the following?
(C) Why scientists study the Sun (A) The remaining layers of the Sun
(D) The distance of the Sun from the planets (B) The evolution of the sun to its present form
(C) The eclipse of February 1 979
26. A1l of the following are Parts of the Sun 's (D) The scientists who study astronomy
atmosphere EXCEPT the
(A) corona 33.Where in the passage does the author
(B) chromosphere compare the light of the Sun's outermost layer
(C) photosphere to that of another astronomical body?
(D) core (A) Lines 2-3
(B) Lines 9-10
27.The word "one" in line 13 refers to (C) Line 16
(A) the Sun (D) Lines 22-23
(B) the corona
(C) an eclipse Questions 34-42 .
(D) the surface
Many of the computing patterns used today
28. The purpose of the special instruments in elementary arithmetic, such as those for
mentioned in line 14 is to performing long multiplications and divisions,
(A) magnify the image of the Sun were developed as late as the fifteenth
(B) block out the Sun's intense light century. Two reasons are usually advanced to
(C) measure the amount of energy emitted by
account for this tardy development, namely, (C) unusual
the mental difficulties and the physical (D) late
difficulties encountered in such work.
36. The word "these"in line 5 refers to
The first of these, the mental difficulties, (A )patens
must be somewhat discounted. The impression (B) reasons
that the ancient numeral systems are not (C) systems
amenable to even the simplest calculations is (D)calculations
largely based on lack of familiarity with these
systems. It is clear that addition and 37. The word "discounted" in line 5 is closest in
subtraction in a simple grouping system require meaning to
only ability to count the number symbols of (A) reduced
each kind and then to convert to higher units. (B) contradicted
No memorization of number combinations is (C) disregarded
needed .In a ciphered numeral system , if (D) interpreted
sufficient addition and multiplication tables
have 38. The author states that doing calculations in
been memorized , the work can proceed much a simple grouping system requires
as we do it today . (A) memorizing numerical combinations
(B) using an adding machine
The physical difficulties encountered, (C) producing large quantities of a writing
however, were quite real . Without a plentiful medium
and (D) converting number symbols to higher units
convenient supply of some suitable writing
medium, any very extended development of the 39. The word "encountered" in line 12 is closest
arithmetic process was bound to be hampered in meaning to
.It must be remembered that our common (A) faced
machine-made pulp paper is little more than a (B) caused
hundred years old. The older rag paper was (C) increased
made by hand and was consequently expensive (D) discussed
and scarce.
40. The word "hampered" in line l4 is closest in
34.What is the main purpose of the passage? meaning to
(A) To emphasize the importance of the mental (A) impeded
process in performing calculations (B) concluded
(B) To explain why some elementary (C) unnoticed
computing systems were not developed until (D) rejected
the
fifteenth century. 41 . The author describes old rag paper as all of
(C) describe how ancient counting systems the following EXCEPT
differ from those of the twentieth century (A) handmade
(D) To compare the mental and physical (B) costly
processes used in arithmetic (C) scarce
(D) delicate
35. The word "tardy" in line3 is closest in
meaning to 42. The passage supports which of the following
(A) historical conclusion ?
(B) basic
(A) Physical difficulties hindered the 45.The word "They" in line 2 refers to
development of computing patterns . (A) ecosystems
(B) Memorizing addition and multiplication (B) civilizations
tables is necessary for most elementary (C) sea
arithmetic processes . (D) people.
(C) Most people experience mental difficulties
in learning long divisions and in multiplications. 46. Which of the following could NOT be
(D) Numeral systems invented before the included under the "free public services"
fifteenth century could not have been used to listed in lines 2-4?
perform elementary calculations . (A) Preventing overgrazing by domestic
animals
Questions 43-50 . (B) Providing natural animals for harmful insects
(C) Creating and enriching material for plant
The ecosystems of the Earth provide an array growth
of free public services that are essential for (D) Supplying air for breathing
the support of civilizations . They maintain the
quality of` the atmosphere , provide food from 47. The word "advanced" in line 6 is closest in
the sea. Manufacture and replenish soils, meaning to
recycle wastes and nutrients, control the (A) debated (B) ignored
overwhelming majority of crop pests and (C) proved (D) proposed
disease vectors, and so on.. People have no idea
how to take over these activities satisfactorily. 48. The author mentions the Mediterranean
They do know, however, that the theory once region as an example of
advanced in the nineteenth century - that the (A) the ability of nature to remedy human
productivity of the land can he infinitely destruction
increased by the application of capital, labor, (B) the ability of people to make use of natural
and science- is wrong. History has shown resources
that once the natural life-support systems of a (C) the manner in which people replenish
civilization have been sufficiently damaged, the environment
they cannot usually be repaired. The ancient (D) the effects or human abuse of natural
deforestation and overgrazing of the resources
Mediterranean region is a famous example. And
today ,a global civilization is ruining the 49. The author suggests that civilizations can
global environment. survive only if they
(A) greatly expand scientific research
41, What is the main topic of this passage? (B) do not destroy the balance of natural
(A) Free public services processes
(B) Support needed for civilizations (C) replant the forests in the Mediterranean
(C) The vaule of ecosystems region
(D) The vastness of the Earth (D) invent new procedures to replace obsolete
ecosystems
44. The word "array" in line 1 is closest in
meaning to 50. The author suggests that the difference
(A) large number between the ancient and the modern
(B) excess situation is that today the problem is
(C) requirement (A) worldwide (B) better understood
(D) model
(C) more manageable (D) economic
Passage 1
The first jazz musicians played in New
Orleans during the early 1900's. After
1917. many of the New Orleans
musicians moved to the south side of
Chicago. where they continued to play
their style of jazz. Soon Chicago was the
new-center for jazz.
1. It can be inferred from the passage that Louis
Armstrong went to Chicago for which of the
following reasons?
(A) To form his own band
(B) To learn to play Chicago - style jazz
(C) To play in Joseph Oliver's band
(D) To make recordings with the Hot Five
2. According to the passage, which of the
following Black bands was the first to make a
significant set of jazz recordings?
(A) The Hot Seven band
(B) Fletcher Henderson's band
(C) The Red Hot Peppers band
(D) King Oliver's Creole jazz Band
3. As used in line 12, the word "note" could best
be replaced by which of the following?
(A) distinction
(B) memorandum
(C) mood
(D) song
4. The nickname "Duke" belonged to which of
the following bandleaders?
(A) Louis Armstrong
(B) Joseph Oliver
(C) Edward Ellington
(D) Fletcher Henderson
5. The passage supports which of the following
conclusions?
(A) By the 1930's jazz was appreciated by
a wide audience
(B) Classical music had a great impact on
jazz
(C) jazz originated in New Orleans in the
early nineteenth century
(D) jazz band were better known in,
Europe than in the United States
6. Which of the following cities is NOT
mentioned in the passage as a center of jazz?
(A) New York
(B) Washington, D.C.
(C) Chicago
(D) New Orleans
Questions 1-11
Jazz has been called “the art of expression set
to music”, and “America’s great contribution to
music”. It has functioned as popular art and
enjoyed periods of fairly widespread public
response, in the “jazz age” of the 1920s, in the
“swing era” of the late 1930s and in the peak
popularity of modern jazz in the late 1950s. The
standard legend about Jazz is that it originated
around the end of the 19th century in New
Orleans and moved up the Mississippi River to
Memphis, St. Louis, and finally to Chicago. It
welded together the elements of Ragtime,
marching band music, and....
1. The Passage answers which of the following
questions?
 (A) Why did Ragtime, marching band (B) musical
music, and the Blues lose popularity
after about 1900? (C) basic

(B) What were the origins of Jazz and (D) essential

how did it differ from other forms of
6. Which of the following can be inferred from
music?
the passage?
(C) What has been the greatest
(A) many early Jazz musicians had poor
contribution of cornet players to
sight
music in the twentieth century?
(B) there is no slow music in Jazz
(D) Which early Jazz musicians most
influenced the development of Blues (C) many early Jazz musicians had little
music? formal musical training
2. According to the passage, Jazz originated in (D) the cornet is the most common
musical instrument used in Jazz
(A) Chicago
7. The word “menial” in line 18 is closest in
(B) St. Louis
meaning to
(C) along the Mississippi river
(A) mens
(D) New Orleans
(B) attractive
3. The word “welded” in line 6 is closest in
(C) degrading
meaning to
(D) skilled
(A) squeezed
8. According to the passage, which of the
(B) bound
following belonged to the second wave of
(C) added New Orleans Jazz musicians?

(D) stirred (A) Louis Armstrong

4. Which of the following distinguished Jazz as a (B) Buddy Bolden

new form of musical expression?
(C) St. Louis
(A) the use of cornets
(D) Joe Oliver
(B) “hot Jazz”
9. All of the following are true EXCEPT
(C) improvisation
(A) the late 1930s was called the “swing
(D) New Orleans era”

5. The word “skeletal” in line 15 is closest in (B) “hot Jazz” is rhythmic

meaning to
(C) Jazz has been said to be America’s
(A) framework greatest contribution to music
 (D) Joe Oliver is generally considered to (A) unavoidable
be the first real Jazz musician
(B) dense
10. The word “its” in line 21 refers to
(C) huge
(A) small bands
(D) impressive
(B) earlier music
14. The word “debris” in line 5 is closest in
(C) men meaning to

(D) earlier musicians (A) rubbish

11. Which of the following terms is defined in (B) satellites

the passage?
(C) moons
(A) “improvisation” (line 12)
(D) earth
(B) “traditional” (line 12)
15. According to the passage, the Moon is
(C) “composer” (line 12)
(A) older than the Earth
(D) “score” (line 14)
(B) protected by a dense atmosphere

The Moon has been worshipped by primitive (C) composed of a few active volcanoes
peoples and has inspired humans to create
(D) the primary cause of Earth’s ocean
everything from lunar calendars to love
tides
sonnets, but what do we really know about it?
The most accepted theory about the origin of 16. The word “uneven “ in line 11 is closest in
the Moon is that it was formed of the debris meaning to
from a massive collision with the young Earth
about 4.6 billion years ago. A huge body, (A) Heavier
perhaps the size of Mars, struck the Earth,
throwing out an immense amount of debris that (B) Equally distributed
coalesced and cooled in orbit around the Earth.
(C) Orderly
12. What is the passage primarily about? (D) Not uniform
(A) the Moon’s effect upon the Earth 17. Why does the author mention “impact
craters” in line 16?
(B) the origin of the Moon
(A) to show the result of the Moon not
(C) what we know about the Moon and
having an atmosphere
its differences to Earth
(B) to show the result of the Moon not
(D) a comparison of the Moon and the
having active tectonic or volcanic
Earth
activity
13. The word “massive” in line 4 is closest in
(C) to explain why the Moon has no plant
meaning to
life because of meteorites
 (D) to explain the corrosive effects of
atmospheric weathering
18. The word “erase” in line 19 is closest in
meaning to
(A) change
(B) impact
(C) obliterate
(D) erupt
19. A person on the Moon would weigh less
than on the Earth because
(A) of the composition of lunar soil
(B) the surface gravity of the Moon is
less
(C) the Moon has no atmosphere
(D) the Moon has no active tectonic or
volcanic activity
20. All of the following are true about the Moon
EXCEPT
(A) it has a wide range of temperatures
(B) it is heavier on one side than the
other
(C) it is unable to protect itself from
meteorite attacks
(D) it has less effect upon the tides than
the Sun
21. Which of the following can be inferred from
the passage?
(A) the Moon is not able to support
human life
(B) if the Moon had no gravitational
influence, the Earth would not have
tides
(C) people living in Hawaii and Arizona
would feel at home on the Moon
(D) Mars could have been formed in a
similar way to the Moon
People of Hispanic origin were on the North
American continent centuries before settlers
arrived from Europe in the early 1600s and the
thirteen colonies joined together to form the
United States in the late 1700s. The first census
of the new nation was conducted in 1790, and
counted about four million people, most of
whom were white. Of the white citizens, more
than 80% traced their ancestry back to England.
There were close to 700,000 slaves and about
60,000 “free Negroes”. Only a few Native
American Indians who paid taxes were included
in the census count, but the total Native
American population was probably about one
million.
22. Why did the author write the passage?
(A) to outline the ways immigration has
been restricted
(B) to emphasize the impact of migrants
from Europe
(C) to explain and give examples of the
concept of a “melting pot”
(D) to summarize the main features of
immigration
23. According to the passage, which ancestry
predominated at the time of the first
census?
(A) Native Americans
(B) Negroes
(C) English
(D) Hispanic
24. The word “ancestry” in line 5 is closest in
meaning to
 (A) origins (D) thought

(B) inheritance 29. The word “virtually” in line 21 is closest in

meaning to
(C) color
(A) effectively
(D) freedom
(B) occasionally
25. The word “their” in line 5 refers to which of
the following (C) thoroughly

(A) immigrants (D) undeservedly

(B) people of Hispanic origin 30. Which of the following is NOT true about
immigrants
(C) white citizens
(A) they were subjected to an official
(D) Native Americans quota in the Immigration Act from
1924
26. Which of the following is true, according to
the passage? (B) during the 1900s immigrants
numbered 1 percent of the total
(A) a quota system was in place from
population
1908
(C) settlers of Hispanic origin arrived
(B) a peak period of immigration was in
centuries before those from Europe
the late 1800s and early 1900s
(D) numbers began to be limited from
(C) slaves were not counted in the first
1921
census
31. Which of the following can be inferred from
(D) only those who paid taxes were
the passage
included in the first census
(A) preserving a developing “American”
27. The number of immigrants taken in over the
culture was a major factor leading to
100 years to 1915 was
the introduction of the quota system
(A) probably about 1 million
(B) racial and ethnic assimilation did not
(B) about 35 million occur as planned

(C) 8.4 million (C) racial and ethnic tensions would have
increased if the quota system had not
(D) about 4 million been introduced

28. The word “concept” in line 16 is closest in (D) the quota system was introduced to
meaning to limit population growth

(A) location
Considered the most influential architect
(B) type of his time, Frank Lloyd Wright (1867-1959) was
born in the small rural community of Richland
(C) complexity
Center, Wisconsin. He entered the University of
Wisconsin at the age of 15 as a special student,
studying engineering because the school had no
course in architecture. At the age of 20 he
then..
32. With which of the following subjects is the
passage mainly concerned?
(A) the development of modern
architecture in America
(B) the contributions of the “Prairie”
School to modern architecture
(C) the life and achievements of a
famous architect
(D) the influence of the style of “organic
architecture” in America
33. Frank Lloyd Wright first worked as a
draughtsman because
(A) for twenty years he lived above his
shop and employed draughtsmen
(B) to learn the language of architecture
(C) that is what he studied at the
University of Wisconsin
(D) that is the work of new employees in
architectural firms
34. The word “some” in line 11 is closest in
meaning to
(A) around (B) over
(C) nearly (D) exactly
35. According to the passage, an idyllic
American suburb is
(A) based on forms borrowed from
nature
(B) blended into the landscape
(C) giant oaks, sprawling lawns, and no
fences
(D) houses with low-pitched reefs and
extended lines
36. The word “blended” in line 13 is closest in
meaning to
(A) dug (B) cut
(C) imposed (D) merged
37. The word “itself” in line 17 refers to
(A) social workshop (B) Taliesin Fellowship
(C) He (D) Major universities
38. The word “idiosyncratic” in line 24 is closest
in meaning to
(A) idiotic (B) idealistic
(C) individualistic (D) independent
39. Which of the following can be inferred from
the passage?
(A) the Taliesin Fellowship was a grant of
money
(B) many of Wright’s architectural ideas
have not been taken up by others
(C) Wright used his wife’s money to set
up his own architectural office in an
exclusive neighborhood in Chicago
(D) Some of Wright’s most notable
buildings have been demolished
because they were not popular
40. All of the following about Frank Lloyd
Wright are true EXCEPT
(A) he became the leader of a style
known as “organic architecture”
(B) he died at the age of 92
(C) he commenced university studies at
the age of 15
(D) some of his most spectacular
buildings were not in America
Questions 1-11 (b) changing
(c) promoting
The work of the railroad pioneers in America (d) influencing
became the basis for a great surge of railroad building
halfway through the nineteenth century that linked 2 The word “their” in line 6 refers to
the nation together as never before. Railroads (a)railroad pioneers
eventually became the nation’s number one (b) railroads
transportation system, and remained so until the (c)the interstate highway system
construction of the interstate highway system halfway (d) American society
through the twentieth century. They were of crucial
importance in stimulating economic expansion, but 3 Which of the following can be inferred from the
their influence reached beyond the economy and was passage?
pervasive in American society at large. (a) The United States regarded Great Britain as a
By 1804, English as well as American inventors competitor in developing the most efficient railroad
had experimented with steam engines for moving system
land vehicles. In 1920, John Stevens ran a locomotive (b) Steam locomotive power was first used in 1832
and cars around in a circular track on his New Jersey (c) American businessmen saw railroads as a threat
estate, which the public saw as an amusing toy. And in to established businesses
1825, after opening a short length of track, the (d) Steam locomotives replaced horses because of
Stockton to Darlington Railroad in England became the distances across the country
the first line to carry general traffic. American
businesspeople, especially those in the Atlantic 4 The author concludes that for the first decade or
coastal region who looked for better communication more, there was not yet a true
with the West, quickly became interested in the railroad system because
English experiment. The first company in America to (a) passenger cars were not stable, comfortable or
begin actual operations was the Baltimore and Ohio, large
which opened a thirteen- mile length of track in 1830. (b) locomotives were not powerful enough
It used a team of horses to pull a train of passenger (c) schedules were unreliable and wrecks were
carriages and freight wagons along the track. Steam frequent
locomotive power didn’t come into regular service (d) lines were relatively short and not usually linked
until two years later.
However, for the first decade or more, there was 5 The word “schedules” in line 23 is closest in
not yet a true railroad system. Even the longest of the meaning to:
lines was relatively short in the 1830’s, and most of (a) safety procedures
them served simply to connect water routes to each (b) employees
other, not to link one railroad to another. Even when (c) timetables
two lines did connect, the tracks often differed in (d) railroad tracks
width, so cars from one line couldn’t fit onto tracks of
the next line. Schedules were unreliable and wrecks 6 Which of the following is NOT true about the 1830’s
were frequent. Significantly, however, some and 1840’s (line 24)
important developments during the 1830’s and (a) passenger cars became larger
1840’s included the introduction of heavier iron rails, (b) schedules were reliable
more flexible and powerful locomotives, and (c) locomotives became more powerful
passenger cars were redesigned to become more (d) tracks were heavier
stable, comfortable, and larger. By the end of 1830
only 23 miles of track had been laid in the country. 7 The word “stable” in line 26 is closest in meaning to
But by 1936, more than 1,000 miles of track had been (a) fixed
laid in eleven States, and within the decade, almost (b) supportive
3,000 miles had been constructed. By that early age, (c) reliable
the United States had already surpassed Great Britain (d) sound
in railroad construction, and particularly from the
mid-1860’s, the late nineteenth century belonged to 8 By what time had almost 3,000 miles of track been
the railroads. laid?
(a) 1830
1 The word “stimulating” in line 5 is closest in (b) 1836
meaning to (c) 1840
(a) helping (d) mid-1860s

9 The word “surpassed” in line 29 is closest in
meaning to
(a) exceeded
(b) beaten
(c) overtaken
(d) equaled
10 Where in the passage does the author outline the
main conclusions about the
importance of railroads in America?
(a) Lines 3-7
(b) Lines 14-18
(c) Lines 19-21
(d) Lines 29-31
11 Why does the author include details about Great
Britain in the passage?
(a) To compare developments in both the United
States and Great Britain
(b) To illustrate the competitiveness between the two
countries
(c) To show where Americans got their ideas and
technology from
(d)To provide a more complete historical context
Questions 12-19
The Nobel Peace Prize is awarded annually and
the first woman to win this prize was Baroness Bertha
Felicie Sophie von Suttner in 1905. In fact, her work
inspired the creation of the Prize. The first American
woman to win this prize was Jane Addams, in 1931.
However, Addams is best known as the founder
of Hull House.
Jane Addams was born in 1860, into a wealthy
family. She was one of a small number of women in
her generation to graduate from college. Her
commitment to improving the lives of those around
her led her to work for social reform and world peace.
In the 1880s Jane Addams travelled to Europe. While
she was in London, she visited a ‘settlement house’
called Toynbee Hall. Inspired by Toynbee Hall,
Addams and her friend, Ellen Gates Starr, opened Hull
House in a neighborhood of slums in Chiacago in
1899. Hull House provided a day care center for
children of working mothers, a community kitchen,
and visiting nurses. Addams and her staff gave classes
in English literacy, art, and other subjects. Hull House
also became a meeting place for clubs and labor
unions. Most of the people who worked with Addams
in Hull House were well educated, middle-class
women. Hull House gave them an opportunity to use
their education and it provided a training ground for
careers in social work.
Before World War I, Addams was probably the
most beloved woman in America. In a newspaper poll
that asked, “Who among our contemporaries are of
the most value to the community?”, Jane Addams was
rated second, after Thomas Edison. When she
opposed America’s involvement in World War I,
however, newspaper editors called her a traitor and a
fool, but she never changed her mind. Jane Addams
was a strong champion of several other causes. Until
1920, American women could not vote. Addams
joined in the movement for women’s suffrage and
was a vice president of the National American Woman
Suffrage Association. She was a founding member of
the National Association for the Advancement of
Colored People (NAACP), and was president of the
Women’s International League for Peace and
Freedom. . Her reputation was gradually restored
during the last years of her life. She died of cancer in
1935.
12 With which of the following subjects is the passage
mainly concerned?
(a) The first award of the Nobel Peace Prize to an
American woman
(b) A woman’s work for social reform and world peace
(c) The early development of Social Work in America
(d) Contributions of educated women to American
society
13 Which of the following can be inferred from the
passage?
(a) the work of Baroness Bertha Felicie Sophie von
Suttner was an inspiration
to Jane Addams
(b) Jane Addams is most famous for her opening of Hull
House
(c) those who lived near Hull House had very poor
literacy skills
(d) Jane addams considered herself as a citizen of the
world rather than of one particular country
14 The word “commitment” in line 6 is closest in
meaning to
(a) involvement
(b) obligation
(c) dedication
(d) enthusiasm
15 Jane Addams was inspired to open Hull House
because:
(a) it gave educated women an opportunity to use
their education and develop
careers in social work
(b) she traveled to Europe in the 1880s
(c) she visited Toynbee Hall
 (d) she was invited by a ‘settlement house’ in
Chicago
16 The word “their” in line 15 refers to
(a) children of working mothers
(b) middle-class women
(c) visiting nurses
(b) labor union members
17 The word “contemporaries” in line 18 is closest in
meaning to
(a) people of the same time
(b) famous people still alive
(c) elected officials
(d) people old enough to vote
18 According to the passage, Jane Addams’
reputation was damaged when she
(a) allowed Hull House to become a meeting place for
clubs and labor unions
(c) joined in the movement for women’s suffrage
(c) became a founding member of the NAACP
(d) opposed America’s involvement in World War I
19 Where in the passage does the author mention
the services provided by Hull House?
(a) lines 5-10
(b) lines 10-15
(c) lines 15-20
(d) lines 20-25
Questions 20-29
The medieval artists didn’t know about
perspective; they didn’t want to make their people
look like real, individual people in a real, individual
scene. They wanted to show the truth, the eternal
quality of their religious stories. So these artists didn’t
need to know about perspective.
In the European Renaissance period, artists
wanted to show the importance of the
individual person and his or her possessions and
surroundings. A flat medieval style couldn’t show this
level of reality and the artists needed a new
technique. It was the Italian artist Brunelleschi who
discovered the technique of perspective drawing. At
first the artists of the Renaissance only had single-
point perspective. Later they realized that they could
have two-pointed perspective and still later multi-
point perspective.
With two-point perspective they could turn an
object (like a building) at an angle to the picture and
draw two sides of it. The technique of perspective
which seems so natural to us now is an invented
technique, a part of the “grammar of painting”. Like
all bits of grammar there are exceptions about
perspective. For example, only vertical and horizontal
surfaces seem to meet on eye level. Sloping roof tops
don’t meet on eye level.
For 500 years, artists in Europe made use of
perspective drawing in their pictures. Nevertheless,
there are a range of priorities that artists in displaying
individual styles. Crivelli wanted to show depth in his
picture and he used a simple single-point perspective.
Cezanne always talked about space and volume. Van
Gogh, like some of the other painters of the
Impressionist period, was interested in Japanese
prints. And Japanese artists until this century were
always very strong designers of “flat” pictures. Picasso
certainly made pictures which have volume and
depth. However, he wanted to keep our eyes on the
surface and to remind us that his paintings are
paintings and not illusions.
It is technically easy to give an illusion of depth.
However, a strong two dimensional design is just as
important as a feeling of depth, and perhaps more
important.
20 The passage mainly discusses
(a) the difference between medieval and Renaissance
art
(b) how the technique of perspective influenced the
modern art
(c) the discovery of the technique of perspective
(d) the contribution of Renaissance artists
21 The word “eternal” in line 3 is closest in meaning
to
(a) timeless
(b) infinite
(c) frequent
(d) constant
22 According to the passage, which is the main
concern for medieval artists?
(a) the individual person and his/her possessions
and surroundings
(b) real people, real scenes
(c) eternal timeless truth of the earth
(d) themes of religious stories
23 The discovery of perspective was the result of
(a) Renaissance artists’ to prove that the medieval
artists could show level of reality
(b) the need to turn an object at an angle and draw
more than one side of it
(c) the subject being shifted from religious stories to
individual person and surroundings.
(d) natural evolution of human senses
24 The word “it” in line 12 refers to
(a) the picture
(b) perspective
(c) angle ago and evolved as a single species spread across the
(d) the object Old World, with populations in different regions linked
through genetic and cultural exchange.
25 The word “Grammar ” in line 13 is closest in Of these two models, Out of Africa, which was
meaning to originally developed based on fossil evidence, and
(a) construction supported by much genetic research, has been
(b) grammatical rules favored by the majority of evolution scholars. The vast
(c) rules and regulations majority of these genetic studies have focused on
(d) tones and volume DNA from living populations, and although some small
progress has been made in recovering DNA from
26 The author’s purpose to give the example in Neandertal that appears to support multi-regionalism,
line14-15 is to the chance of recovering nuclear DNA from early
(a) explain how perspective work in painting human fossils is quite slim at present. Fossils thus
(b) support two-pointed perspective remain very much a part of the human origins debate.
(c) illustrate that there are exceptions about Another means of gathering theoretical evidence is
perspective through bones. Examinations of early modern human
(d) point out that the technique of perspective skulls from Central Europe and Australia dated to
though seems so natural is an between 20,000 and 30,000 years old have suggested
invented technique that both groups apparently exhibit traits seen in their
Middle Eastern and African predecessors. But the
27 The following artists’ priorities in style shift away early modern specimens from Central Europe also
from perspective except display Neandertal traits, and the early modern
(a) Crivelli Australians showed affinities to archaic Homo from
(b) Cezanne Indonesia. Meanwhile, the debate among
(c) Japanese artists paleoanthropologists continues , as supporters of the
(d) Brunelleschi two hypotheses challenge the evidence and
conclusions of each other.
28 The word ”Illusion” in line 25 is closest in meaning
to 30 The passage primarily discusses which of the
(a) deception following
(b) photograph (a) Evidence that supports the “Out of Africa”
(c) decoration theory
(d) illustration (b) Two hypotheses and some evidence on the
human origins debate
29 It can be inferred from the passage that (c) The difficulties in obtaining agreement among
Renaissance artists theorists on the human origins debate
(a) embraced the medieval style of eternal truth (d) That fossils remain very much a part of the
(b) needed to develop a new approach towards human origins debate
painting to show a new level of reality
(c) were inspired by vertical and horizontal surfaces 31 The word “emergence” in line 1 is closest in
in inventing the technique of perspective meaning to
(d) saw two dimensional design more important than (a) complexity
a feeling of depth (b) development
(c) appearance
(d) decline
Questions 30-39
32 The word “proponents” in line 6 is closet in
There are two main hypotheses when it comes to meaning to
explaining the emergence of modern humans. The (a) experts
‘Out of Africa’ theory holds that homo sapiens burst (b) advocates
onto the scene as a new species around 150,000 to (c) inspectors
200,000 years ago in Africa and subsequently replaced (d) historians
archaic humans such as the Neandertals. The other
model, known as multi-regional evolution or regional 33 All of the following are true except
continuity, posits far more ancient and diverse roots (a) three methods of gathering evidence are
for our kind. Proponents of this view believe mentioned in the passage
that homo sapiens arose in Africa some 2 million years
(b) the multi-regional model goes back further in
history.
(c) the Out of Africa model has had more support
from scholars
(d) DNA studies offer one of the best ways in future
to provide clear evidence.
34 The word “slim” in line 14 is closest in meaning to
(a) small
(b) narrow
(c) thin
(d) difficult
35 Which of the following is not true
(a) the vast majority of genetic studies have focused
on living populations
(b) early modern human skulls all support the same
conclusions
(c) both hypotheses focus on Africa as a location for
the new species.
(d) early modern Australian skulls have similarities to
those from Indonesia.
36 In line 18, the word “their ” refers to which of the
following
(a) Middle Easterners and Africans
(b) skulls
(c) central Europeans and Australians
(d) traits
37 Which of the following is NOT true about the two
hypotheses
(a) Both hypotheses regard Neandertals to be the
predecessors of modern humans
(b) Genetic studies have supported both hypotheses
(c) Both hypotheses cite Africa as an originating
location.
(d) One hypothesis dates the emergence of homo
sapiens much earlier than the other.
38 It can be inferred from the passage that
(a) there is likely to be an end to the debate in the
near future
(b) the debate will interest historians to take part in
(c) the debate is likely to be less important in future
(d) there is little likelihood that the debate will die
down
39 According to the passage, the multi-regional
evolution model posits far more diverse roots for our
kind because
(a) Evidence from examinations of early modern
human skulls has come from a number of different
parts of the world.
(b) DNA from Neandertal appears to support multi-
regionalism
(c) Populations in different regions were linked
through genetic and cultural exchange
(d) This has been supported by fossil evidence
Questions 40-50
Although management principles have been
implemented since ancient times, most management
scholars trace the beginning of modern management
thought back to the early 1900s, beginning with the
pioneering work of Frederick Taylor (1856-1915).
Taylor was the first person to study work scientifically.
He is most famous for introducing techniques of time
and motion study, differential piece rate systems, and
for systematically specializing the work of operating
employees and managers. Along with other pioneers
such as Frank and Lillian Gilbreth, Taylor set the stage,
labeling his philosophy and methods “scientific
management’. At that time, his philosophy, which was
concerned with productivity, but which was often
misinterpreted as promoting worker interests at the
expense of management, was in marked contrast to
the prevailing industrial norms of worker exploitation.
The time and motion study concepts were
popularized by Frank and Lillian Gilbreth. The
Gilbreths had 12 children. By analyzing his children’s
dishwashing and bedmaking chores, this pioneer
efficiency expert, Frank Gilbreth, hit on principles
whereby workers could eliminate waste motion. He
was memorialized by two of his children in their 1949
book called “Cheaper by the Dozen”.
The Gilbreth methods included using stop
watches to time worker movements and special tools
(cameras and special clocks) to monitor and study
worker performance, and also involved identification
of “therbligs” (Gilbreth spelled backwards) – basic
motions used in production jobs. Many of these
motions and accompanying times have been used to
determine how long it should take a skilled worker to
perform a given job. In this way an industrial engineer
can get a handle on the approximate time it should
take to produce a product or provide a service.
However, use of work analysis in this way is unlikely to
lead to useful results unless all five work dimensions
are considered: physical, psychological, social,
cultural, and power.
40. What is the passage primarily about?
(a) The limitations of pioneering studies in
understanding human behavior
(b) How time and motion studies were first
developed
(c) The first applications of a scientific approach to
understanding human behavior
(d) The beginnings of modern management theory
41. The word “ which” in line 9 refers to management were often misunderstood?
(a) scientific management (a) Lines 1-5
(b) philosophy (b) Lines 6-10
(c) productivity (c) Lines 11-15
(d) time and motion study (d) Lines 16-20

42. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that 49. The word “ dimensions” in line 24 is closest in
(a) workers welcomed the application of scientific meaning to
management (a) sizes
(b) Talor’s philosophy is different from the industrial (b) extents
norms (c) aspects
(c) by the early 1900s science had reached a stage (d) standards
where it could be
applied to the workplace 50. All of the following are true except
(d) workers were no longer exploited after the (a) scientific management was concerned with
introduction of scientific management. productivity.
(b) the beginnings of modern management thought
commenced in the 19th century.
43. The word “prevailing” in line 10 is closest in (c) Frank Gilbreth’s fame was enhanced by two of his
meaning to children writing a book.
(a) predominant (d) analyzing work to increase productivity is not
(b) broadly accepted likely to be useful unless all of the dimensions are
(c) prevalent considered.
(d) common

44. According to the passage, Frank Gilbreth

discovered how workers could
eliminate waste motion by
(a) using special tools such as cameras and clocks
(b) using stop watches
(c) applying scientific management principles
(d) watching his children do their chores

45. The basic motions used in production jobs were

given which one of
following names by Frank Gilbreth?
(a) dimensions
(b) gilreths
(c) therbligs
(d) monitors

46. According to the passage, the time it takes a

skilled worker to perform the
motion of a given job can be measured by using:
(a) stop watches
(b) all 5 work dimensions
(c) special tools
(d) therbligs

47. The word “motions” in line 20 is closest in

meaning to
(a) stop watches
(b) habits
(c) actions
(d) special tools
48. Where in the passage does the author comment
that the principles of scientific