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Invention
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
An invention is a unique or novel device, method, composition or process. The invention process is
a process within an overall engineering and product development process. It may be an
improvement upon a machine or product or a new process for creating an object or a result. An
invention that achieves a completely unique function or result may be a radical breakthrough. Such
works are novel and not obvious to others skilled in the same field. An inventor may be taking a big
step in success or failure.
Some inventions can be patented. A patent legally protects the intellectual property rights of the
inventor and legally recognizes that a claimed invention is actually an invention. The rules and
requirements for patenting an invention vary from country to country and the process of obtaining a
patent is often expensive.
Another meaning of invention is cultural invention, which is an innovative set of useful social
behaviours adopted by people and passed on to others.[1] The Institute for Social Inventions
collected many such ideas in magazines and books.[2] Invention is also an important component of
artistic and design creativity. Inventions often extend the boundaries of human knowledge,
experience or capability.
Sociopolitical inventions comprise new laws, institutions, and procedures that change modes of
social behavior and establish new forms of human interaction and organization. Examples include
the British Parliament, the US Constitution, the Manchester (UK) General Union of Trades, the Boy
Scouts, the Red Cross, the Olympic Games, the United Nations, the European Union, and the
Universal Declaration of Human Rights, as well as movements such as socialism, Zionism,
suffragism, feminism, and animal-rights veganism.
Humanistic inventions encompass culture in its entirety and are as transformative and important as
any in the sciences, although people tend to take them for granted. In the domain of linguistics, for
example, many alphabets have been inventions, as are all neologisms (Shakespeare invented about
1,700 words). Literary inventions include the epic, tragedy, comedy, the novel, the sonnet, the
Renaissance, neoclassicism, Romanticism, Symbolism, Aestheticism, Socialist Realism,
Surrealism, postmodernism, and (according to Freud) psychoanalysis. Among the inventions of
artists and musicians are oil painting, printmaking, photography, cinema, musical tonality,
atonality, jazz, rock, opera, and the symphony orchestra. Philosophers have invented logic (several
times), dialectics, idealism, materialism, utopia, anarchism, semiotics, phenomenology,
behaviorism, positivism, pragmatism, and deconstruction. Religious thinkers are responsible for
such inventions as monotheism, pantheism, Methodism, Mormonism, iconoclasm, puritanism,
deism, secularism, ecumenism, and Baha’i. Some of these disciplines, genres, and trends may seem
to have existed eternally or to have emerged spontaneously of their own accord, but most of them
have had inventors.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invention