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Two Phases:
a. 22 years with his father Hazrat Imam Hussain عليه سلم
b. 35 years period of his own Imamate. The Tyrant rulers of his age: Nine Persons from Yazeed up to
Hasham bin Abdul Malik the 10th Caliph of Bani Ommaya.
"Those who know me, know me. Those who do not, then know that I am the son of Mecca Muazamma
and Mina. I am the son of Zamzam and Safa. I am the son of he who gave 'Zakat' (The Poor Tax) to the
poor. I am the son of the best of those who have ever put on 'Ihram' (Single Cloth Apparel for 'Hajj'
(Ritual Pilgrimage) and performed ceremonies of Hajj. I am the son of he who was taken on the night
journey from house of Allah سببلحانلهه لوتللعاللىى
هto the Mosque of Aqsa and then to 'Miraj' (The Holy Prophet's
ﷺSpiritual and Physical Advent to Allah سببلحانلهه لوتللعاللىى
ه. I am the son of he who was taken around by
Hazrat Jibra'eel to the (Lote-Tree) of the 'Sidratul Muntaha' (Boundary between Heaven and The
Universe).
"I am the son of Muhammad Mustafa ﷺ. I am the son of Ali Al-Murtaza كرم ا ووجهوwho fought the
polytheists in the battle till they submitted to Islam and fought in the presence of The Holy Prophet ﷺ
until his sword was broken and to whom Zulfikar was given. I am the son of he who had the honor to
migrate twice in Islam. I am the son of Fatima the best women of the world...".
The effect of the speech was so powerful that everybody in the Mosque began to weep and to blame
Yazid. Yazid was afraid that if the Imam continued his speech, there would be a revolution and revolt.
At the same time Yazid could not stop the Imam and get him down from the 'Mimber.' He therefore
ordered a 'Muazzin' (Caller to Ritual Prayers) to give 'Azan' (Call To Prayers), knowing that this would
automatically cut the Imam's speech. But he underestimated the Imam's bravery and intelligence. The
Imam stopped his speech but did not get down from the 'Mimber.' When the Muazzin said " Allahu
Akber" the Imam testified Allah's سببلحانلهه لوتللعاللىى
هgreatness. When the 'Muazzin' said, "Ash hadu anna
Muhammaddan Rasulullah", the Imam stopped the 'Muazzin' from going any further. He then turned to
Yezid and asked him. "Tell me o Yazid, was The Holy Prophet Muhammad ﷺyour Grandfather or
mine? If you say he was your Grandfather it will be an open lie and if you say he was my Grandfather
then why have you killed his son and imprisoned his family? Why have you killed my Father and
brought his Women and Children to this City as Prisoners?" Yazid had no reply to give.
The effect of this was to turn Syrians against Yazid. Everyone of them now found out about Yazid's
crimes that he had committed against the Holy Prophet ﷺand his Family. They began to blame him
and ask for the release of Hazrat Imam Zain al-Abidin عليه سلمand the Womenfolk of the House of the
Holy Prophet ﷺ. Yazid was now afraid that if he did not act fast his rule would be lost. He therefore
freed Hazrat Imam Zain al-Abidin عليه سلمand let him return to Medina with full honor and respect.
His Life in Madina:
Yazid had to free the Imam عليه سلمout of fear of his own rule, therefore, Hazrat Imam عليه سلمwas still
not completely safe from his evil designs even upon reaching back to Madina Munawwarra. Once in
Madina Munawwarra, Hazrat Imam عليه سلمgathered the people and told them the horrifying stories of
Karbala and informed them that his Father Hazrat Imam Hussain عليه سلمand his Companions were
Martyred and his Family Members were made prisoners and were taken from one City to another and
branded as traitors.
Hazrat Syedina Imam 'Ali ibn Syedina Hussain عليه سلم, like his Grandfather, cultivated land and palm
date orchards. All the human qualities and attributes were collectively present in his personality. He
was the complete specimen of tolerance, forgiveness and self-sacrifice. During Prayers he would get so
absorbed that he did not have any attention towards anything except Allah سببلحانلهه لوتللعاللىى
ه. He traveled to
Mecca Muazamma, on foot, twenty times and continuously Guided and Conducted people through the
attractive melody of the Qur'anic verses.
As the son of Hazrat Syedina Imam Hussain عليه سلمibn Syedina Imam 'Ali كرم ا ووجهو, he was under
great scrutiny and could not directly guide those who secretly followed the Household of Hazrat
Syedina Muhammad ﷺ. But he conveyed his understanding of the relationship between human and
Allah سببلحانلهه لوتللعاللىى
هby the prayers and supplications that he offered Allah سببلحانلهه لوتللعاللىى
هduring his
extensive nighttime vigils in the Mosque of the Beloved Prophet ﷺ.
Hazrat Imam Sajjad عليه سلمapprised the people of the hard times that the Family of the Holy Prophet
ﷺhad to to through. Day in and day out, people used to go to Hazrat Imam عليه سلمand present their
condolences and hear the events of Karbala. Once, a visitor named Noman came to Hazrat Imam عليه سلم
and asked him which was the most difficult time he had to face and Hazrat Imam عليه سلمcried for a long
time and three times said "Ash-Shaam, Ash-Shaam, Ash-Shaam". Another visitor asked him as to how
long would he continue mourning and crying and he replied that Prophet 'Ayub' (Job) عليه سلمhad 12
sons and only one of them got lost and he knew that he was still alive but continued crying until his
eyes became white and his back got bent - I have seen Seventeen Members of my Family being
Slaughtered around me like sheep, and you ask me as to how long I would continue Mourning.
Another task that Hazrat Imam Sajjad عليه سلمdid after coming back from Syria was that he started
praying and saying supplications with full devotion. His devotion was so strong and felt by his
companions and visitors that they started a collection of his Supplications which still exist by the name
of 'Sahifa' -e-Kamila' (Page of The Perfected Ones). It is also know as 'Sahifa-e-Sajjadiya' (Page of
Those who Prostrate), Al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya ( )الصحيفة السجاديةis said to be the oldest prayer manual in
Islamic sources and one of the most seminal works of Islamic Spirituality of the early period. It is also
known as Sister of the Qur'an, Gospel of the Folk of 'Ahl-e-Ba'ait' (House of The Holy Prophet ) ﷺ,
and Psalms of the Household of The Holy Prophet Muhammad ﷺ. It consists of Fifty-Four 'Duas'
(Supplications), Fourteen additional Duas and Fifteen 'Munajaat' (Arabic: Whispering Between The
Lover and The Beloved, not to be confused by the Urdu 'Munajaat' meaning a Recital). In addition to
the 'Sahifa', there are several other supplications of the Imam عليه سلمwhich appear under different
Names. A second time , by the order of the Umayyad Calipha, Abd al-Malik , he was chained and sent
from Medina to Damascus and then again returned to Medina Munawwarra.
He looked after and administrated hundreds of houses of the poor and hunger stricken. Daily a number
of goats were slaughtered in his house and he distributed all their meat among the afflicted. He dressed
the naked and the destitute ones and paid their debts and loans. But he himself took simple meals and
put on simple dress.
When the nights would become dark and all the people went to sleep, Hazrat Imam Syedina 'Ali ibn
Imam Husayn رضي ا عنهwould get up put the food in a sack and on his shoulder. He covered his face
so that he was not recognized. Then he took that food to the houses of the afflicted and have-nots and
gave it to them.
He administrated and looked after nearly a hundred Guardians-less family in Medina Munawwarra;
most of them comprised indigent, helpless and crippled, handicapped and paralytic ones. None of these
families knew that Hazrat Imam Syedina 'Ali ibn Syedina Hussain رضي ا عنهwas the one who helped
them. But after his Wisaal, when the aid were discontinued they came to know that Hazrat Syedina Ali
ibn Syedina Husayn رضي ا عنهwas their helper and friend.
A person came to Hazrat Imam Syedina 'Ali ibn Hussain رضي ا عنهand started addressing him with
filthy and abusive language. Hazrat Imam Syedina 'Ali ibn Hussain رضي ا عنهturned his face towards
him without the slightest anger and quarrel or strife and said, Oh brother, if what you say is right and
correct and these vices are present in me then Allah سببلحانلهه لوتللعاللىى
هMay Pardon and Forgive my sin. And
if you are telling a lie then Allah سببلحانلهه لوتللعاللىى
هMay forgive you and Pardon your sin.
The man was very much ashamed and asked Hazrat Imam Syedina 'Ali ibn Husayn رضي ا عنهto
pardon him. Hazrat Abu Hamza ath-Thumali رضي ا عنه, who was one of the friends of Hazrat Imam
Syedina 'Ali ibn Hussain رضي ا عنه, asked his servant to briefly define the character and morals of
Hazrat Imam Syedina Ali ibn Hussain رضي ا عنه. He said: "I am at his service for so many years.
Whatever I saw was righteousness, piety and purity. My Lord helps and assists the people and solves
their problems, with all the difficulties worries and preoccupations that he himself faces." Hazrat Zaid
ibn Usama رضي ا عنهwas lying on the deathbed. Hazrat Imam Syedina Ali ibn Hussain رضي ا عنه
visited him, Hazrat Zaid رضي ا عنهwas weeping. When Hazrat Imam Syedina Ali ibn Hussain رضي ا
عنهasked him the reason of his weeping he said, "I have to pay fifteen thousand Dinars as my loan and
debt and my wealth is not so much as to pay off the debt. Hazrat Imam Syedina Ali ibn Hussain رضي ا
عنهsaid, "Do not weep and be contented, I will pay your entire loan."
His Martyrdom:
Hazrat Imam عليه سلمkept his life very personal and preferred to stay in a town close to Madina
Munawwarra from where he would preach the True Religion of Allah سببلحانلهه لوتللعاللىى
هquietly and with
character. His character and preaching inspired a large number of people specially in the vicinity of
Madina Munawwarra and Makkah Mu'azzama. Slowly the tyrant rulers of his time began to realize the
dangers that they faced from the Hazrat Imam's عليه سلمPreaching and Character. His period of Imamate
was full of tyrannical rulers such as Yazid until 64 A.H., Moawiya bin Yazid and Marwan bin-al-
Hakam until 65 A.H, then from 68 A.H. until 86 A.H. was the rule of Abdul Malik bin Marwan and
finally from 86 A.H. until 96 A.H. was the period of Walid bin Abdul Malik. Amid this growing threat,
Walid decided to poison and kill the Imam and finally he succeeded in his ulterior motives and Hazrat
Imam Sajjad عليه سلمwas poisoned by the Governor of Madina and Martyred on 25th Moharram 95 AH/
713 CE.
He was the only son of Hazrat Imam Hussain عليه سلمto survive, for his other three brothers Hazrat Ali
Akbar عليه سلم, aged twenty-five, five year old Hazrat Ja'far عليه سلمand Hazrat Ali Asghar ( عليه سلمor
Abdullah) who was a suckling baby, were Martyred during the event of Karbala.