Accepted Manuscript

Dynamic response and vibration of composite double curved shallow

shells with negative Poisson’s ratio in auxetic honeycombs core layer
on elastic foundations subjected to blast and damping loads

Nguyen Dinh Duc , Kim Seung-Eock , Pham Hong Cong ,

Nguyen Tuan Anh , Nguyen Dinh Khoa

PII: S0020-7403(17)30643-4
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2017.09.009
Reference: MS 3920

To appear in: International Journal of Mechanical Sciences

Received date: 15 March 2017

Revised date: 17 August 2017
Accepted date: 9 September 2017

Please cite this article as: Nguyen Dinh Duc , Kim Seung-Eock , Pham Hong Cong ,
Nguyen Tuan Anh , Nguyen Dinh Khoa , Dynamic response and vibration of composite double
curved shallow shells with negative Poisson’s ratio in auxetic honeycombs core layer on elastic
foundations subjected to blast and damping loads, International Journal of Mechanical Sciences
(2017), doi: 10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2017.09.009

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 ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT

Highlights
 To investigate dynamic response and vibration of composite double
curved shallow shells by using analytical solution.
 The composite shells have the central auxetic core layer – honeycomb
structures with negative Poisson‟s ratio.
 Based on the first order shear deformation theory (FSDT).
 Used Airy stress functions, Galerkin method and fourth-order Runge-

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Kutta method.
 The effects of geometrical parameters, material properties, elastic

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Winkler and Pasternak foundations, mechanical and blast loads are
studied.

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 ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT

Dynamic response and vibration of composite double curved shallow

shells with negative Poisson’s ratio in auxetic honeycombs core layer
on elastic foundations subjected to blast and damping loads

Nguyen Dinh Duca,b,c, Kim Seung-Eockc, Pham Hong Conga,d, Nguyen Tuan Anha,
Nguyen Dinh Khoaa
a
Advanced Materials and Structures Laboratory, VNU-Hanoi - University of Engineering and

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Technology (UET), 144 – Xuan Thuy – Cau Giay – Hanoi – Vietnam

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b
Infrastructure Engineering Program -VNU-Hanoi, Vietnam-Japan University (VJU),
My Dinh 1 – Tu Liem – Hanoi – Vietnam

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c
National Research Laboratory, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Sejong
University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Korea
d

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Centre for Informatics and Computing (CIC), Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18
Hoang Quoc Viet - Cau Giay – Hanoi - Vietnam
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*
Corresponding author: Duc ND, Email: ducnd@vnu.edu.vn; Tel: 84-24-37547978
Abstract
The purpose of the present study is to investigate dynamic response and vibration of
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composite double curved shallow shells with negative Poisson‟s ratios in auxetic honeycombs
core layer on elastic foundations subjected to blast and damping loads using analytical solution.
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This study considers composite double curved shallow shells with auxetic core which have three
layers in which the top and bottom outer skins are isotropic aluminum materials; the central layer
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has honeycomb structure using the same aluminum material. Based on the first order shear
deformation theory (FSDT) with the geometrical nonlinear in von Karman and using Airy stress
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functions method, Galerkin method and the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method, the resulting
equations are solved to obtain expressions for nonlinear motion equations. The effects of
geometrical parameters, material properties, elastic foundations Winkler and Pasternak, the
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nonlinear dynamic analysis and vibration of double curved shallow shells with negative
Poisson‟s ratios in auxetic honeycombs core layer are studied.

Keyword: Dynamic response and vibration; Composite double curved shallow shells; Auxetic
honeycombs core layer with negative Poison‟s ratio; FSDT; Blast and damping loads; Elastic
foundations.

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1. Introduction
Auxetic materials were discovered over 100 years ago [1], [2]. Most natural
materials are characterized by a positive Poisson‟s ratio, namely they are observed to
contract (expand) laterally when stretched (compressed) longitudinally. Nonetheless, the
classical theory of elasticity elasticity does not preclude the existence of materials with
negative Poisson‟s ratio, known as „auxetic‟ after [3].
In recent years, there have been many studies on composite auxetic material with

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negative Poisson‟s ratio. Zixing Lu et al. [4] investigated the elastic properties of two

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novel auxetic 3D cellular structures. Kwon and Phan [5] studied the composites with
auxetic inclusions showing both an auxetic behavior and enhancement of their

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mechanical properties. Assidi and Ganghoffer [6] considered the composites with auxetic
inclusions showing both an auxetic behavior and enhancement of their mechanical

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properties, and the hexachiral and hexagonal reentrant lattices are considered as
representative of the two main deformation mechanisms responsible for auxeticity.
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Bhullar et al. [7] investigated the auxetic behavior of a thermoelastic layered plate.
Burlayenko and Sadowski [8] analyzed the effective elastic properties of foam-filled
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honeycomb cores of sandwich panels. Grima et al. [9] studied the hexagonal honeycombs
with zero Poisson‟s ratios and enhances stiffness. Milton [10] considered the composite
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materials with Poisson‟s ratios close to -1. Yang et al. [11] investigated the geometric
effects on micropolar elastic honeycomb structure with negative Poisson‟s ratio using the
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finite element method. Prawoto [12] presented a review on structures with the negative
Poisson‟s ratio. Xiao-Feng Liu et al. [13] presented the wave propagation in a sandwich
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plate with a periodic composite core. Jopek and Strek [14] investigated the thermal and
structural dependence of auxetic properties of composite materials. Wan et al. [15]
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investigated the study of negative Poisson‟s ratios in auxetic honeycombs based on a

large deflection model. Grujicic et al. [16] studied the multi-physics modeling of the
fabrication and dynamic performance of all-metal auxetic-hexagonal sandwich-structures.
Qing-Tian and Zhi-Chun [17] presented the wave propagation in sandwich panel with
auxetic core. Cielecka and Jędrysiak [18] studied the non-asymptotic model of dynamics
of honeycomb lattice-type plates. Lewiński [19] investigated the physical correctness of

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Cosserat type models of honeycomb grid plates. Wierzbicki and Woźniak [20] considered
the dynamic behaviour of honeycomb based composite solids.
In recent years, the safety of buildings and structures of infrastructure have
become hot issues in all over the world because the negative dynamic loads caused of
increasing in terrorist activities, accidental blast. Gabriele Imbalzano et al. [21] studied
the auxetic composite panels under blast loading. Gabriele Imbalzano et al. [22] studied
the blast resistance of auxetic and honeycomb sandwich panels: Comparisons and

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parametric designs. Li et al. [23] studied the finite element analysis of sandwich panels

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with stepwise graded aluminum honeycomb cores under blast loading. Nelson Lam et al.
[24] investigated the response spectrum solutions for blast loading. Chang Qi et al. [25]

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studied dynamic response and optimal design of curved metallic sandwich panels under
blast loading. Schenk et al. [26] analyzed the novel stacked folded cores for blast-

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resistant sandwich beams. Duc et al. [27] studied the nonlinear dynamic response and
vibration of imperfect shear deformable functionally graded plates subjected to blast and
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thermal loads. Tan et al. [28] presented the blast-wave impact mitigation using negative
effective mass density concept of elastic metal materials. In recent years, there have had
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some studies [29] investigated the nonlinear dynamic response and vibration of sandwich
composite plates with negative Poisson‟s ratio in auxetic honeycombs (but have not
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actually been studied the double curved shallow shells yet). Ghaznavi and Shariyat [30]
analyzed the non-linear layerwise dynamic response analysis of sandwich plates with soft
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auxetic cores and embedded SMA wires experiencing cyclic loadings (using numerical
method).
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Research on the nonlinear vibration and dynamic response of double curved

shallow shells has done quite a few (but the shell made of auxetic material has not been
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studied yet). Quan and Duc [31] studied the vibration and dynamic response of shear
deformable imperfect functionally graded double curved shallow shells resting on elastic
foundations in thermal environments. Duc and Quan [32] presented the nonlinear
dynamic analysis of imperfect FGM double curved thin shallow shells with temperature-
dependent properties on elastic foundation. Chorfi and Houmat [33] investigated the
nonlinear free vibration of a functionally graded doubly curved shallow shell of elliptical
planform. Bich et al. [34] studied the nonlinear vibration of imperfect eccentrically

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stiffened functionally graded double curved shallow shells resting on elastic foundation
using the first order shear deformation theory. In 2014, Duc [35] published a valuable
book "Nonlinear static and dynamic stability of functionally graded plates and shells", in
which the results of nonlinear dynamic analysis of shear deformable FGM structures on
elastic foundations.
The researches only focus on the structure of the core layer in auxetic materials
(structure, material parameters, optimum ...), the others investigate nonlinear dynamic

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response of double curved shallow FGM shells [31-37]. The first nonlinear dynamic

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response of auxetic structure under blast using analytical method was conducted on plate
[29], the auxetic shell has not been published yet. From above, it can be seen that there

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has not got any research using analytical method to study the nonlinear dynamic response
of the double curved shallow shells with negative Poisson‟s ratios in auxetic honeycombs

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on elastic foundations subjected to blast. The advantage of analytical method is that the
results are shown explicitly in the input parameters, therefore we can actively control the
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behavior of the shells by selecting those parameters appropriately.
The paper focuses on studying the vibration and dynamic response of the
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composite double curved shallow shells with negative Poisson‟s ratio in auxetic
honeycombs layer on elastic foundations subjected to blast and damping loads using
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analytical solution. The double curved shallow shells used in the paper have three layers
in which the top and bottom outer skins are isotropic aluminum materials; the central
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layer has honeycomb structure using the same aluminum material. The governing
equations are derived within the framework of the Reddy‟s first order shear theory,
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accounting for both the von - Karman nonlinearity. The work also analyses and discusses
the effects of material and geometrical properties, elastic foundations, mechanical, blast
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and damping loads on the nonlinear dynamic response of the double curved shallow
shells with negative poisson‟s ratio in auxetic honeycombs.

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2. Composite double curved shallow shell with auxetic core model

2.1. Model

Considering a composite double curved shallow shell with auxetic core layer of
radius of radii of curvature Rx , Ry , length of edges a , b and uniform thickness h resting

on elastic foundations, a coordinate system  x, y, z  is established, in which the  x, y 

plane is in the middle surface of the shell and z is in the thickness direction (Figure 1a).

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The auxetic core which has three layers in which the top and bottom outer skins are

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isotropic aluminum materials; the central layer has honeycomb structure using the same
aluminum material (Figures 1b). The bottom outer skin thickness is h1 , internal

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honeycomb core material thickness is h2 and the top outer skin thickness is h3 , and the
total thickness of the shell is h  h1  h2  h3 .

z
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h a b x
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y
Rx Ry
shear layer
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Figure 1a. Model of sandwich composite double curved shallow shell with auxetic core
layer on elastic foundations
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Figure 1b. Dicretization of double curved shallow shell

The reaction–deflection relation of Pasternak foundation is given by
T0  K1w  K 22 w (1)

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2 2
in which  2   , w is the deflection of the double curved shallow shell, K1 and
x 2 y 2
K 2 are Winkler foundation modulus and shear layer of Pasternak foundation, respectively
[36,37].

2.2. Honeycomb core materials

The double curved shallow shells with the auxetic honeycomb core layer with

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negative Poisson‟s ratio are introduced in this paper. Unit cells of core material discussed

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in the paper are shown in Figure 2 where l is the length of the inclined cell rib, h is the

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length of the vertical cell rib,  is the inclined angle,  and  define the relative cell
wall length and the wall‟s slenderness ratio, respectively, which are important parameters
in honeycomb property.
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t
l
M

y
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h
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Figure 2. Geometric of the cell of honeycomb core layer

Formulas in reference [17] are adopted for calculation of honeycomb core material
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property
h 
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  sin  
cos  cos 2 
3 3
t  t l
E1C  E   , E2C  E     , vC  ,
 l   h  sin   sin 2  cos3  h 
12
l
    sin   sin 
l  l 
(2)
h 
  sin  
cos  1  2sin 2 
3
t   l  t t
G12  E  
C
, G13  G
C
, G23  G
C
,
l  h 
2
h l h  l h 
  1  2  cos    sin   2 cos    sin  
l  l l  l 

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t / l  h / l  2
C  
2cos   h / l  sin  
where symbol “ C ” represents core material, E, G and  are Young‟s moduli, shear
moduli and mass density of the origin material.

Table 1. Poisson‟s ratio v12 in auxetic honeycombs of the double curved shallow shell at

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the limit value of small deformation

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h h h h h
1  1.5 2  2.5 3
l l l l l

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  35
-2.7434 -1.2628 -0.8201 -0.6073 -0.4821

  45

  50
-2.4142 -0.8918 US
-0.5469 -0.3944 -0.3084
AN
-2.3054 -0.7349 -0.4371 -0.3111 -0.2414
  55
-2.2208 -0.5899 -0.3401 -0.2389 -0.1842
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  75
-2.0353 -0.1299 -0.0671 -0.0452 -0.0341
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h
Figure 3. Poisson‟s ratio vs.cell inclined angle with different cell aspect ratio
l

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The effects of geometry of double curved shallow shells with negative Poisson‟s

ratio v12 at the limit of small deformation are presented in Table 1 and Figure 3 for the

h
combinations of  and . From Table 1 and Figure 3, it can be seen that Poisson‟s ratio
l

v12 increased when geometric parameters of h increases and vice versa. The same for in
l

the case geometric parameters of  decreases, Poisson‟s ratio v12 increased and vice

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versa.

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3. Theoretical formulations

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In the present study, the first order shear deformation theory (FSDT) is used to
derive the governing equations and determine the blast load of the composite double

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curved shallow shell with negative Poisson‟s ratio in auxetic honeycombs.
The strain-displacement relations taking into account the von Karman nonlinear
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terms are [35-38]:
 u 1  w  2 w 
     
   Rx   x 
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 x 2  x
 2   x 
  x    x0    1x   v  1  w   w   
       
 y 2  y  Ry     
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 
0 1 y

      
y y y
   y 
w  (3)
 yz    yz   z  yz     z 
0 1
 y 0
   0   1   y   
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 xz   xz0   1xz     0 
 xy   xy   xy   w   
 x   y 
 x   x

 u v w w   y x 
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   
 y x x y 
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In the above equations, u, v, w are displacement components corresponding to the

coordinates  x, y, z  , and x , y are the rotations of normals to the mid-surface with

respect to the x and y axes, respectively.

Hooke's law for the curved shallow shells with negative Poisson‟s ratio in auxetic
honeycombs is defined as follows [29]

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 xT  QT Q12T 0   x 

 T   11T     Tyz 
 Q44
T
0   yz 

 y   Q12 0   y  ,  T   
T
Q22   
 xz   xz 
T
 T  0 T      0 Q55 
 xy 
  
0 Q66   xy 

 xC  Q C Q C 0   x 
 C   11C     yz  Q 0   yz 
12 C C
 
 y   12 Q Q C
0   y  ,     44   (4)
Q55C   xz 
22
C
 C  0 Q66C   xy   xz  
0
 xy  
0
 
 xB   QT QT 0   x 
 B   11T     yz  Q44 0   yz 
12 B T

T
 y   Q12 Q22 0   y  ,    
T
T  
 B  0 T   
 xzB   0 Q55   xz 

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Q66   xy
 xy  
0
 

CR
where above index "T", "C" and "B" are Top outer skin, Core material, Bottom outer
skin respectively and
E1C  12C E2C E2C
Q 
c
11
1  12 21

Q11T  Q22
T

C C

E
,Q 

, Q12T 
E
c

1  12 21
12
C C
, Q22 

T
c

, Q66
1  12 21

 Q44
T
C C

 Q55T

C
, Q66  G12C , Q44

E
C
 G23
C

US C
, Q55  G13C
(5)
2 1  
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1  2
1  2

The forces and moments of the double curved shallow shell can be expressed in
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terms of stress components across the double curved shallow shell thickness as
 h2 h2 h2
 h1
2 2 2
 Ni , M i     iB 1, z  dz    iC 1, z  dz    iT 1, z  dz, i  x, y, xy
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h h h
2
 h3 2 2
2 2 2
 h2 h2 h2
(6)
 h1
2 2 2
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Qi  K   izB dz  K  dz  K   izT dz , i  x, y
C
iz
 h2  h2 h2
 h3
2 2 2
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Substitution of Eqs. (4) into Eqs. (6) gives the constitutive relations as
N x  D1 x0  D2 y0  D3 1x  D4 1y ,
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N y  D2 x0  D5 y0  D4 1x  D6 1y ,

N xy  D7 xy0  D8 1xy ,
M x  D3 x0  D4 y0  D9 1x  D10 1y ,
(7)
M y  D4 x0  D6 y0  D10 1x  D11 1y ,
M xy  D8 xy0  D12 1xy ,
Qx  KD13 xz0 ,
Qy  KD15 yz0 ,

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where K is correction factor, K  5 and

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D1  Q11T  h1  h3   Q11C h2 ; D2  Q12T  h1  h3   Q12C h2 , D3  Q11T  h12  h1h2  h2 h3  h32 

1
2

D4  Q12T  h12  h1h2  h2 h3  h32  ; D5  Q22

1 T
 h1  h3   Q22C h2
2
1 T 2
D6  Q22
2
 h1  h1h2  h2 h3  h32  ; D7  Q66
T
 h1  h3   Q66C h2
1 T 2
D8  Q66  h1  h1h2  h2 h3  h32 

T
2
1 C 3 1 T  h23  h2  
3 3
  h2

IP
D9  Q11h2  Q11      h3     h1   (8)
12 3  4  2  2  

CR
1 C 3 1 T  h23  h2  
3 3
 h
D10  Q12 h2  Q12      h3    2  h1  
12 3  4  2  2  
1 C 3 1 T  h23  h2  
US
3 3
  h2
D11  Q22 h2  Q22      h3     h1  
12 3  4  2  2  
AN
1 C 3 1 T  h23  h2  
3 3
  h2
D12  Q66 h2  Q66      h3     h1  
12 3  4  2  2  

 h1  h3  ; D14  Q55T  h12  h1h2  h2 h3  h32 

1
D13  Q55c h2  Q55
T
M

2
 h1  h3  ; D16  Q44T  h12  h1h2  h2 h3  h32 
1
D15  Q44
c
h2  Q44
T

2
ED

The reverse relations are obtained from Eqs. (7)

 0 D5 D D D  D2 D4 1 D4 D5  D2 D6 1
PT

 x   2 Nx  2 2 Ny  3 25 x  y
 D 2  D 1 D 5 D 2  D 1 D 5 D 2  D 1 D 5 D 2
2  D 1 D 5
 0 D2 D D D  D2 D3 1 D1 D6  D2 D4 1
 y  2 Nx  2 1 Ny  1 24 x  2 y (9)
CE

 D2  D1 D 5 D 2  D 1 D 5 D2  D1 D 5 D2  D1 D 5
 1 D
  xy0  N xy  8  1xy
 D7 D7
AC

According to the FSDT, the equations of motion for the double curved shallow
shells are [36,37,38]
N x N xy  2u  2x
  I 0 2  I1 2 , (10a)
x y t t

N xy N y  2v  2

  I 0 2  I1 2y , (10b)
x y t t

11
 ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT

Qx Qy 2w 2w

  N x 2  2 N xy
x y x xy
(10c)
2w  2w 2w  N Ny 2w w
 N y 2  K1w  K 2  2  2   p  t   x   I 0 2  2 I 0 ,
y  x y  Rx Ry t t

M x M xy  2u  2x
  Qx  I1 2  I 2 2 , (10d)
x y t t

M xy M y
 2v  2

  Qy  I1 2  I 2 2y , (10e)
x y t t

T
where  is damping coefficient [36,37]:

IP
h2 h2 h2
  h1
2 2 2

    T z i dz ,  i  0,1,2 

CR
Ii   B z i dz  z dz 
c i
(11)
h h h2
 2  h3  2
2 2 2

The blast load p(t )

US
is a short–term load and generated by an explosion or by a
shock-wave disturbance produced by an aircraft flying at supersonic speed, or by a
supersonic projectile, rocket or missile operating in its vicinity. It can be expressed as
AN
[24] and shown by the example presented in Figure 4.

 t   bt 
M

p(t )  1.8Psmax 1   exp  , (12)

 Ts   s 
T
ED

where the "1.8" factor accounts for the effects of a hemispherical blast, P smax is the
maximum (or peak) static over-pressure, b is the parameter controlling the rate of wave
PT

amplitude decay and Ts is the parameter characterizing the duration of the blast pulse.
CE
AC

12
 ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT

T
IP
CR
US
Figure 4. Blast pressure function
AN
The stress function f  x, y, t  is introduced as

2 f 2 f 2 f
Nx  , N  , N   (13)
y 2 x 2 xy
y xy
M

Replacing Eqs. (13) into Eqs. (10a) and (10b) yields

ED

 2u I1  2x
 , (14a)
t 2 I 0 t 2

 2v I1   y
2
PT

 , (14b)
t 2 I 0 t 2
CE

By substituting Eqs. (14a) and (14b) into Eqs. (10c - 10e). Eqs. (10c - 10e) can be
rewritten
Qx Qy  2 f  2 w 2 f 2w
AC

  2  2
x y y x 2 xy xy
(15a)
2 f 2w  2w 2w  1 2 f 1 2 f 2w w
 2  K w  K 2  2 
 p  t     I  2 I 0 ,
x y  x y  Rx y Ry x t t
2 1 2 2 2 0 2

M x M xy  I 2   2
  Qx   I 2  1  2x , (15b)
x y  I 0  t

13
 ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT

M xy M y  I2   
2

  Qy   I 2  1  2y , (15c)
x y  I 0  t

By substituting Eq. (9) into Eq. (7) and then into Eqs. (15), the system of motion
Eqs. (15) are rewritten as follows
2w w
H11  w  H12 x   H13  y   P  w, f   p  t   I 0 2  2 I 0 , (16a)
t t
 I 2   2
H 21  w  H 22 x   H 23  y   H 24  f    I 2  1  2x , (16b)
 I 0  t

T
 I12    y
2

H 31  w  H 32 x   H 33  y   H 34  f    I 2   2 (16c)

IP
 I 0  t

CR
where
2w 2w  2w 2w 
H11  w   KD13  KD  K w  K 2  2 ,

H12 x   KD13

x 2
x
x
15
y 2
1


, H13  y   KD15 y ,
y
 x
2

US
y 
AN
2 f 2w 2 f 2w 2 f 2w 1 2 f 1 2 f w
P  w, f   2 2  2   , H 21  w    KD13 ,
y x 2
xy xy x y 2
Ry x 2
Rx y 2
x
M

 D 2 D  2 D2 D3 D4  D1 D42   2x  D82   2x

H 22 x    3 5  C9   12
D    KD13x ,
 D22  D1 D5  x
2
 D7  y 2
 D  D D  D6 D2   D4  D1 D6  D2 D4 
ED

D82    y
2

H 23  y    3 4 5  D  D   ,
D22  D1 D5 D7  xy
10 12

 D D  D3 D5 D8   3 f D2 D3  D1 D4  3 f
H 24  f    2 2 4   
PT

,
 D2  D1 D5 D7  xy 2 D22  D1 D5 x 3
w
H 31  w    KD15 ,
y
CE

 D  D D  D4 D2   D6  D1 D4  D2 D3  D82   2x
H 32 x    4 3 5   
AC

D D  ,
D22  D1 D5 D7  xy
10 12

 D  D D  D6 D2   D6  D1 D6  D2 D4    2 y  D82    y
2

H 33  y    4 4 5  D    D    KD15 y ,
D22  D1 D5  y D7  x 2
11 2 12
 
 D D  D1 D6 D8   3 f  D2 D6  D4 D5   3 f
H 34  f    2 2 4   2   ,
 D2  D1 D5 D7  x y  D22  D1 D5  y 3

The strains are related in the compatibility equation [35-37]:

14
 ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT

 2 x0   y   xy   2 w 
2
2w 2w 1 2w 1 2w
2 0 2 0

     2   (17)
y 2 x 2 xy  xy  x y 2 Rx y 2 Ry x 2
Set Eqs. (13) and (9) into the deformation compatibility Eq. (17), we obtain
4 f 4 f 4 f  3x  3 y  3x  3 y
 A11  A  A  A  A  A  A
x 4 y 4 x 2 y 2 x3 y 3 xy 2 x 2 y
12 13 21 22 23 24

   2 w 2  2 w  2 w 1  2 w 1  2 w 
(18)
    0
  xy  x 2 y 2 Rx y 2 Ry x 2 
 

T
where

IP
D1 D 2D 1
A11  , A12  2 5 , A13  2 2  ,
D  D1 D5
2
D2  D1 D5 D2  D1 D5 D7

CR
2
(19)
D D  D2 D3 D D  D6 D2 D D  D4 D2 D8 D D  D2 D4 D8
A21  1 2 4 , A22  4 2 5 , A23  3 2 5  , A24  1 2 6  ,
D2  D1 D5 D2  D1D5 D2  D1D5 D7 D2  D1D5 D7

US
Equations (16a)-(16c) and Eq. (18) are nonlinear equations in terms of variables
w, x , y and f and are used to investigate the nonlinear vibration and dynamic stability
AN
of the double curved shallow shell with negative Poisson‟s ratio in auxetic honeycombs
core layer using the FSDT.
M

3.2. Nonlinear dynamical analysis

ED

Considering the following boundary condition: four edges of double curved

shallow shell are simply supported; immovable edge is under blast load p  t  . Thus, the
PT

boundary conditions are [7,36.37]

w  N xy  y  M x  0, N x  N x 0 at x  0 and x  a
CE

(20)
w  N xy  y  M y  0, N y  N y 0 at y  0 and y  b
AC

in which N x 0 , N y 0 are the forces acting on the edges of the double curved shallow shells.

The approximate solutions of the system of Eqs. (16a)-(16c) and Eq.(18)

satisfying the boundary condition (20) can be written as

15
 ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT

w  x, y, t   W  t  sin  x sin  y,
x  x, y, t    x  t  cos  x sin  y,
 y  x, y, t    y  t  sin  x cos  y, (21)
1 1
f  x, y, t   A1  t  cos 2 x  A2  t  cos 2 y  A3  t  sin  x sin  y  N x 0 y 2  N y 0 x 2
2 2
m n
where   ,  , m, n  1, 2... are the natural numbers of half waves in the
a b
corresponding direction x, y and W ,  x ,  y the amplitudes which are functions dependent

T
IP
on time.
The coefficients Ai  1  3 are determined by substitution of Eqs. (21) into Eq.

CR
(18) as

D D  D22   2 D D  D22   2
A 
1
1 5

32 D1  2
W 2

A3  a1 x  t   a2 y  t   a3W  t  ,

 t  , A2 
1 5

32 D5 US
 2
W 2 t  ,
(22)
AN
where
 D1 D4  D2 D3  3  D3 D5  D4 D2 D8  2 
       
M

 D2  D1 D5   D2  D1 D5
2 2
 D7  
a1 
D1 D  2D 1  2 2
4  2 5 4  2 2   
D2  D1 D5 D2  D1 D5  D2  D1D5 D7 
ED

 D4 D5  D6 D2  3  D1 D6  D2 D4 D8  2 
      
 D2  D1 D5   D2  D1 D5
2 2
 D7  
a2 
PT

D1 D  2D 1  2 2
4  2 5 4  2 2   
D2  D1 D5
2
D2  D1 D5  D2  D1 D5 D7 
CE

1  2 2 
a3    
D1 D5  2 D2 1  2 2  Rx Ry 
  2
4
  2
4
  
D22  D1 D5 D2  D1 D5  D2  D1 D5 D7 
AC

Replacing Eq. (21) into the equations of motion (16a)-(16c) and then applying
Galerkin method, we obtain
h11W  h12 x  h13 y  h14W 3  h15 xW
4ab ab   2 w w  (23a)
 h16 yW  h17W  q 2
  I 0 2  2 I 0 ,
mn 2
4  t t 

16
 ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT

 I 2  ab  2 x
h21W  h22 x  h23 y  h24W 2   I 2  1  , (23b)
 I 0  4 t 2

 I12  ab   y
2

h31W  h32  x  h33 y  h34W   I 2  

2
. (23c)
 I 0  4 t 2

where
 1  ab
h11    2 KD13   2 KD15  K1  K 2  2   2    2 N x 0   2 N y 0 
ab 1
 a3   2   2  ,
4 R Ry  4
 x 

T
ab  1 1  ab ab  1 1  ab
h12   KD13  a1   2   2  ; h13    KD15  a2   2   2  ,
R  4 R  4

IP
4  x Ry  4  x Ry 

D1D5  D22 ab 4 D1 D5  D2 ab
2

CR
h14   4
 ,
32 D5 2 32 D1 2

8mn 2 8mn 2 8mn 2

h15  a1
3ab

h18   2 N x 0
, h16  a2

ab
3ab

  2 N y0
, h17  a3

ab
3ab

 KD7  2   2  ,
ab
US
AN
4 4 4

ab  2  D2 D4  D3 D5 D8  
3  D2 D3  D1 D4  ab
h21   KD13         a3 ,
 D2  D1 D5  D2  D1D5   4
2 2
4  D7 
M

 2  D32 D5  2 D2 D3 D4  D1 D42  2 D82   ab

h22      D     D    KD  
D22  D1 D5
9 12 13
   D7 
ED

  4
 2  D2 D4  D3 D5 D8  
3  D2 D3  D1 D4  ab
        2   a1 ,
 D2  D1 D5  D2  D1D5   4
2
 D7 
PT

 D3  D4 D5  D6 D2   D4  D1D6  D2 D4  D82  ab
h23     D10  D12   
 D22  D1 D5 D7  4
CE

 2  D2C4  D3 D5 D   D D  D1D4   ab
   2  8   3  2 2 3   a2 ,
  D2  D1 D5 D7   D2  D1D5   4
AC

D2 D3  D1D4 8ab D1D5  D22  2

h24  8 3 ,
D22  D1D5 3mn 2 32 D1  2

17
 ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT

ab  D2 D4  D1 D6 D8  2  D2 D6  D4 D5  3  ab
h31    KD15          a3 ,
4  D22  D1 D5 D7   D2  D1 D5   4
2

 D  D D  D4 D2   D6  D1 D4  D2 D3  D82  ab
h32    4 3 5  D  D   ,
D22  D1 D5
10 12
 D7  4
 D D  D1 D6 D8  2  D2 D6  D4 D5  3  ab
  2 2 4        a1 ,
 D2  D1 D5  D2  D1 D5   4
2
D7 

  D  D D  D6 D2   D6  D1 D6  D2 D4   2  D82  2  ab
h33     4 4 5  D 11     12
D     KD15 
  D2  D1 D5
2
  D7   4

T
 D D  D1 D6 D8  2  D2 D6  D4 D5  3  ab
  2 2 4         a2 ,

IP
 2 D  D D
1 5 D7   2 D 2
 D1 5 
D  4
D2 D6  D4 D5 8ab D1 D5  D22  2

CR
h34  8 3 .
D22  D1 D5 3mn 2 32 D5  2

The equations (23a)-(23c) are basic equations to determine nonlinear dynamic

US
response and vibration of the shells with negative Poisson‟s ratios in auxetic honeycombs
core layer using FSDT. It is solved by using the fourth-order Runge–Kutta method.
AN
Taking linear parts of the set of Eqs. (23), the natural frequencies of the shell can
be determined directly by solving determinant
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h11  I 0 2 h12 h13

h21 h22  1 2 h23 0 (24)
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h31 h32 h33  1 2

Solving Eqs. (24) yields three angular frequencies, the smallest one is being
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considered.
4. Numerical results and discusstion
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The parameters for the geometric parameters of double curved shallow shell with
negative Poisson‟s ratio were chosen as below
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Rx  Ry  6m, h1  h3  0.00667m, h2  0.02m, h  h1  h2  h3 , a / h  30, a  b, m  n  1,

t / l  0.0138571, h / l  2,  55o , E  70GPa, G  26GPa,   2702kg / m3 ,  0.33,

4.1. Numerical verification

To evaluate the reliability of the method used in the paper, we have made a
comparison the results of the study [27]. If we choose Rx  , Ry   , the nonlinear

dynamic response of the double curved shallow shell will turn into the nonlinear dynamic
response of plate. Figure 5 shows the comparison between the obtained result using

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present method for the nonlinear dynamic response of plate with only made of ceramic (
N  0 ) on the elastic foundations subjected to blast load and the result of Duc et al. [27].

In [27], the authors investigated the nonlinear dynamic response vibration of FGM plates
on elastic foundations subjected to blast with the volume fraction index is taken N  0 .
From Figure 5, it can be seen that a good agreement is obtained in this comparison.
The geometry parameters and material parameters in the Figure 5 are chosen as
follows

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N  0, m  n  1, b / a  1, b / h  20,K1  0.3GPa / m,K 2  0.02 GPa.m,

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E
E1c  E2c  E  384.43 109 Pa, G12c  G13c  G23
c
G ,   c  2370kg / m3 .
2 1  v 

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Figure 5. Comparison of nonlinear dynamic response of the plate on elastic foundations

subjected to blast load with results of Duc et al. [27]
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4.2. Nonlinear dynamic response

s 
1
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Table 2. Effect of elastic foundations on natural frequencies of the composite

double curved shallow shells with negative Poisson‟s ratio in auxetic honeycombs with
v12  0.3401
K2  0 K2  0.02 GPa.m K2  0.04 GPa.m

K1  0 5690 6531 7276

 m, n   (1,1)
K1  0.3GPa / m 6340 7105 7795

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K1  0.5 GPa / m 6730 7463 8123

K1  0 25401 26394 27351
(m, n)  (1,3) K1  0.3 GPa / m 25554 26542 27493
K1  0.5 GPa / m 25656 26640 27588
K1  0 43530 45040 46501
(m, n)  (1,5) K1  0.3GPa / m 43620 45127 46585
K1  0.5 GPa / m 43680 45184 46640

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K1  0

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39431 41549 43565
(m, n)  (3,5) K1  0.3 GPa / m 39528 41642 43653

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K1  0.5 GPa / m 39593 41703 43711
K1  0 37021 40217 43176
(m, n)  (5,5) K1  0.3 GPa / m

K1  0.5 GPa / m
37123
37190
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K1  0 42447 46490 50206
(m, n)  (7,5) K1  0.3 GPa / m 42534 46570 50280
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K1  0.5 GPa / m 42592 46622 50329

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Effect of elastic foundations on the natural frequency of the the composite double
curved shallow shells with negative Poisson‟s ratio in auxetic honeycombs are shown in
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Table 2. The value of the natural frequency increases when the values K1 and K 2
increase. The Table 2 also show that the lowest natural frequency corresponds mode
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 m, n   1,1 .
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Figure 6. Effect of the linear Winkler foundation on the nonlinear dynamic response of
the shell under blast load

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Figures 6 and 7 show the effects of the elastic foundations (linear Winkler
foundation and Pasternak foundation) on the nonlinear dynamic response of auxetic
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material of double curved shallow shell with negative Poisson‟s ratio under blast load
 v12  0.3401 . From the figures, it can be seen that the elastic foundations make the
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vibration amplitude of the auxetic material of double curvature shell with negative
Poisson's ratio reduce when increasing the coefficients of elastic foundations ( K 1 and K 2
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). That shows the positive effect of elastic foundations. Furthermore, Winkler‟s elastic
foundation  K1  is more weaker than Pasternak‟s foundation  K 2  .
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Figure 7. Effect of the Pasternak foundation on the nonlinear dynamic response of the

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shell under blast load

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Figure 8. Effects of ratio a / h on the nonlinear dynamic response of the shell under blast

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load
Figure 8 shows the influence of ratio a / h  10,20,30  on nonlinear dynamic
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response of the auxetic material of the double curved shallow shell with negative
Poisson‟s ratio under blast load  v12  0.3401 . From Figure 8, we can see that when a / h
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is increased, the curve becomes higher and vice versa. This is correct because when a / h
is increased, the sandwich plates becomes thinner and the load capacity is decreased.
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Figure 9. Effects of ratio a / b on the nonlinear dynamic response of the shell under blast
load

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Figure 9 shows the influence of ratio a / b   0.5,1,2 on the nonlinear dynamic

response of the auxetic material of the double curved shallow shell with negative
Poisson‟s ratio under blast load a / b . From Figure 9, we can see that when a / b is
decreased, the curve becomes lower and vice versa.

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Figure 10. Effect of pre-loaded axial Px compression on nonlinear response of the shell
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under blast load

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Figure 10 shows the effect of pre-loaded axial compression Px on the nonlinear

dynamic response  v12  0.3401 . This figure also indicates that the nonlinear dynamic
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response amplitude of the auxetic material of the double curved shallow shell with
auxetic core increases when the value of the pre-loaded compressive force Px increases.
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Figure 11 shows the effect of parameter characterizing the duration of the blast
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pulse on nonlinear response of auxetic material of the double curved shallow shell with
auxetic core with three values of Ts   0.005, 0.01, 0.02 s . From the figure, it can be seen

that when the value of Ts is increased, the amplitude of nonlinear response increase and
vice versa. At the same time, the time from t  0 to amplitude of nonlinear response
unchanged increases and vice versa.

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Figure 11. Effect of parameter characterizing the duration of the blast pulse Ts 

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compression on nonlinear response of the shell
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Figure 12. Effects of damping coefficient  on the nonlinear dynamic response of the
auxetic material of the shell under blast load
Figure 12 illustrates the effect of damping on amplitude-time curves for nonlinear
dynamic response of the double curved shallow shell with negative Poisson‟s ratio in
core layer with three values of damping coefficient    0.1,5,8 . From Figure 12, we can

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see that when damping coefficient  is increased, the curve becomes lower and vice
versa.
5. Conclusions
The novelty and most significant contribution of this paper is that for the first time
we use analytical solution for the investigation of the nonlinear dynamic response and
vibration of composite double curved shallow shells with negative Poisson‟s ratios in
auxetic honeycombs.

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Using first order shear deformation shell theory, Galerkin method and Runge–

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Kutta method, the paper analyses and discusses the effects of material and geometrical
properties, elastic foundations, auxetic core layer, blast and damping loads on the

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nonlinear dynamic response of the composite shells. The most important finding is that
the dynamic response and natural frequency of the shells could be explicitly represented

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in these input parameters. As the result, we are able to design a suitable auxetic
composite structures under the blast and other mechanical loads.
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Funding. This research is funded by Vietnam National Foundation for Science and
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Technology Development (NAFOSTED) under grant number 107.02-2015.03. The

authors are grateful for this support.
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