Urban PDF

ARCH 4109
URBAN DESIGN II Prerequisite – URBAN DESIGN I - ARCH 3201
Department of Architecture American International University - Bangladesh
Ashik Ikbal, assistant professor

> Lecture 1, 2
Introduction: Urban Design- what, why, how and where?
> Lecture 3,4,5

Context and scale of Urban Design
> Lecture 6,7,8

Understanding Urban Space: Meaning, Form, Order
Typological and Morphological Elements of the Concepts of Urban Space
Introducing the concept of Figure ground and Nolli Map

Exercise: producing figure ground and Nolli Map of historical and present
Dhaka city
> URBAN DESIGN II – Basic Premise: Design of Urban Space

> Lecture 9,10
Activities in Outdoor Space: Life Between Buildings
Urban Outdoor Space
>Defining Neighborhood 11,12

How relevant is ‘planning by neighbourhoods’ today?
Exercise: Defining neighbourhood in Dhaka city-identifying the edge,
neighbourhood centre (land use and open space)
Exercise: Finding Lost Space in a particular area of a city (settlement level)
MID-TERM Exam
> Lecture 13
Urban Realities and Critique
Philosophical Base: Empiricism, Rationalism, Pragmatism
> URBAN DESIGN II – Design of Urban Space: Theories and practice

> Lecture 14,15
Neo-Rationalist Approaches to Urban Design
Manfredo Tafuri, Aldo Rossi, The Krier Brothers
> Lecture 16,17

Neo-Empiricist Approaches to Urban Design
Gordon Cullen, Kevin lynch, Christopher Alexander, Robert Ventury.
>Lecture 18,19,20,21,22,23,24
Responsive environments
> URBAN DESIGN II – Design Process and Reflections

Defining sustainable Urban Development : Environmental, Social and Economic
sustainability
Global warming: cause of Global warming and its impact on Bangladesh
The Ecosystem approach in Urban Design: Introducing the Dutch concept of “Ecopolis”
Exercise: two specific area will taken as case study- one in the downtown and another
in the urban fringe; based on the guiding model of Ecopolis the student would
determine if those area are sustainable development or not giving detail explanation.
Due to the time constraint the exercise should be focused on environmental
sustainability; specifically on four chain management: Water, Waste, Energy and
Traffic
FINAL Exam

5
GRADING SCALE
A+ 94 – 100, A 90 - 93.99, A- 86-89.99, B+ 82-85.99, B 78-81.99, B- 74-77.99 , C+ 70 – 73.99, C
66-69.99 , C- 62-65.99, D+ 58-61.99, D 54-57.99, D- 50-53.99, F 49.99 and below
**Lecture Schedule is subjected to change for reasons arising from unforeseen circumstances.

6
Urban Design is the process of giving form, shape and
character to the arrangement of buildings, to whole
neighborhoods, or the city.
The design of the public realm, its central concerns

are the quality and usefulness of the public spaces
enclosed and defined by buildings.
URBAN DESIGN II
7
contemporary urban strategies / a hybrid urban praxis,
opening up and communicating architecture to a wider
audience / urban survival strategies / time-based
architecture, temporary and momentary / urban
transformation and the reanimation of lost, forgotten, hidden
city spaces / neon-inspired / trans-cultural
collaboration / the city as a medium / scavenging, remapping,
re-sampling the city in light, sound and text / urban nomadic
URBAN DESIGN II
> URBAN DESIGN II – terms / movements / issues
8
the reinvention of spaces / intervention.....urban curtain /
communicating a mobile, fluid urbanity / reading the city as
text / the creation of urban situations / stalking peripheral
urban spaces / process-driven urban design / garage
settlements / urban voids / urban animators / to know is to
insert something into what is real and hence to distort reality /
container cities / urban design / reanimating the real /
multiple identities
URBAN DESIGN II
> URBAN DESIGN II – terms / movements / issues
9
REFERENCE: MAIN TEXTS
•G. Broadbent (1990) Emerging Concepts in Urban Space, London: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
•Jere Stuart French (1983). Urban space. A Brief History of the City Square, lowa: Kendall/Hunt
publishers Co.
•Jan Gehl (1986). Life Between Buildings, Using Public Space, New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
•Allan Jacobs & Donald Appleyard (1987). Toward an Urban Design Manifesto:, in APA Journal, Winter.
•Rob Krier (1991). Urban Space, London: Academy Editions.
•Matthew Carmona, Tim Heath, Taner Oc, Steve Tiesdell (2006). Public Places Urban Spaces,
Architectural Press
> URBAN DESIGN II – Reference: Main Texts

Everything that you can see out of the window
> URBAN DESIGN II – Lecture 01

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Urban design draws together the many strands of
place-making - environmental responsibility, social
equity and economic viability, for example - into the
creation of places of beauty and distinct identity.
Urban design is derived from but transcends related matters such as

planning and transportation policy, architectural design, development
economics, landscape and engineering. It draws these and other
strands together.
In summary, urban design is about creating a vision for an area and

then deploying the skills and resources to realize that vision.

12
Rise of Urban Design
? Urban design initially evolved at the end of 1960’s, as a
critique of the built environment produced by modernist
architects, urban planners, landscape architects and the other
related professionals involved in the making of public realm.
The majority of urban design issues are the

product of post modern thinking.
The first usage of the term ‘Urban design’ was in 1956 in urban
design conferences at Harvard.
?
> URBAN DESIGN II – Rise of Urban Design

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It gradually spread mainly through the work of Kevin Lynch and Jane
Jacobs in the 1960s and Christopher Alexander , Leon and Rob Krier,
Robert Venturi , amongst others, in 1970s and 1980s.
The last decade of the last century saw urban design colored by the views
and counter views of Charles Jencks and Sir Richard Rogers.

15
Jacobs’s, Lynch’s and Cullen’s works originated from the view of the city
dwellers. Other books, Rossi’s "Architecture of the City" (1965), Venturi’s
"Learning from Las Vegas" (1972), Colin Rowe’s "Collage City" (1984), and
Peter Calthorpe’s "The Next American Metropolis" (1993), were mostly based
on theoretical and philosophical context. While Rossi bringing "historicism"
and "collective memory" concept Rowe and Cotter proposed a "collage
metaphor" that means the collage of new and older forms within the same
urban space. On the other hand Calthorpe developed a manifesto for
sustainable urban living at medium densities and a design manual for building
new settlements with his concept of Transit Oriented Development (TOD).
These works gave urban designers a postmodern idea of urban space and
design.

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FOCUS
This course is a continuation as well
as and extension of 'Urban Design I'.
Issues and theories discussed in this
course constitute a selective part
within the board field of Urban Design
that aimed to contribute to the design
of urban space to accommodate and
? accentuate outdoor activities.
Specific emphasis will be given on the
design of urban space at a building,
cluster and neighborhood or block
level.
> URBAN DESIGN II – Preamble

OBJECTIVE
•To explain the different analysis of urban design.
•To encourage critical thinking about the subject.
•To provide the student with analytical tools at various levels of interpretation and link its
importance and application > to the architectural design process.
•To suggest an information base in the form of case studies and general reading in
support of the lecture series.
> URBAN DESIGN II – OBJECTIVE

FIELD TO COVER
•Form of a city and theories.
•Theory of good city form ?
•Growth
•Urban textures and networks
•City models and city design - Urban design process
•Responsive Environment – permeability, Varity, legibility, appropriateness,

richness and personalization.
•Contemporary cogitation ?
> URBAN DESIGN II – FIELD TO COVER

TYPES OF PLANS
Comprehensive Plans
Urban Design Plans
Regional Plans
Neighborhood Plans
Corridor Plans 23
Redevelopment Area Plans
Transportation Plans
Housing Plans
Economic Development Plans
Community Facilities Plans
Parks and Open-Space Plans
Critical and Sensitive Areas Plans
Hazard Mitigation Plans
> URBAN DESIGN II – Lecture - 01

20
Is about relationships, the character of buildings
and spaces and how people > perceive and
use both.
?
Increasing interest is being shown, at
national and local levels, in the three-
dimensional quality of new development and
the role and contribution of urban design.

21
POLICY CONTEXT
The concept of the public realm, achieving a sense of place and the public
significance of new development, is vital within the urban design
perspective.
Matters such as community

safety, accessibility,
sustainability, quality of life and protecting
the heritage legacy, are key concerns within the public realm
and are significant elements within the urban design agenda.

22
Urban planners works in three
phases:
- Survey
CLARIFICATION
- Plan
Urban designer – Urban planner - Implementation
On the other hand, Urban

Urban Design is not urban designers take the process one
? step further by developing
planning….. generic plans.
Recommendations and
Urban Design and Urban planning regulations into specific design
are closely related disciplines but not solutions.
same.
> URBAN DESIGN II – Lecture - 01 > Clarification

23
Urban design is generally considered neither a profession nor a
discipline. There is a trend to formulate urban design as the interface
between architecture and town planning, or the gap between them.
For example, when Kevin Lynch saw urban design as a branch of
architecture Michael Southworth thought urban design as a branch of
urban planning:
"Urban design is defined... as that branch of city planning that

focuses on analysis, design, and management of environments with
particular attention to the experiential qualities of place."
Most of urban design literature put urban design as an extension of
architecture, an extension of planning, or in a field lies between them.

24
Debate between Urban Design and Urban Planning
Urban planning emerged as the practical solution of the haphazard physical

environment of the 19th century industrial city but later on developed as a
discipline beyond the compressed framework of physical design. Because
planners focused primarily on social, political and managerial aspects of the built
environment they ignored the physical qualities of public realm. After 1960s
architecture, planning, landscape architecture and other professionals blamed
each other for declining urban quality. Urban design therefore initially developed
as an attempt to build bridges between different design and planning professions
and focused on the quality of the public realm. Although urban planning
recognized the importance of urban design there is a debate between urban
planning and urban design into two broad areas: emphasis on design, and scale.
•Role of Design: Spatial or Social?

•Urban Design Scale

25
The basis for a framework defining urban design can be
grouped under six main headings
1. Historic preservation and urban conservation

2. Design for pedestrians
3. Vitality and variety of use
4. The cultural environment
5. Environmental context
6. Architectural values

26
The jargon-free qualities, goals and principles describing urban design can be
grouped under eight major headings:
· Place,
· Density,
· Mixed and compatible uses,
· Pedestrianization and human scale,
· Human culture,
· Public realm,
· Built environment
· Natural environment
Undoubtedly these classifications should be extended in a very widely range of
topics. However in all these definitions we see that there is a strong emphasis
on livability, historic preservation, environmental quality associated with
aesthetic values, and positive urban space correspondence to basic human
needs which are also the major themes of postmodern urbanism.

27
Introduction Without movement and CHANGE, there is
Urban Design-what, why, how and no life in City.
where?
"If change is so essential, how do we
understand it and how do we relate it to
the urban society and urban space?
?
What kind of change is inevitable and
what kind of change do we want to
happen?
If there are changes that we prefer to take

place, how do we promote and achieve
RANGS Building: ‘Symbol of abuse of Power’
them?
DEMOLISHED

Photograph: DRIK, Zaid Islam
What do we do to prescribe change and to
implement it?
?
What kinds of processes can transform the
urban environment?
?
What are the nature and scope of the
design of the built environment?"
The body of a demolition worker under the ravage

RANGS Building. Dhaka. Bangladesh. Zaid Islam
Urban Design-what, why, how and

where?

Photograph: DRIK, Zaid Islam
29
30
31
32
33
34
A stream runs through the center of Seoul,
dividing the city into North and South, but for
three decades it was totally buried beneath a
busy downtown highway. In 2003, as part of
a vast urban renewal project, the highway
was removed and the stream was recovered
and turned into a beautiful 5.8 km urban
park. Demolishing roads in favor of urban
parks is is a development project we can
really get behind.

35
One of Singapore’s most
popular parks has been
transformed into a dynamic
natural ecosystem with the
restoration of 2.7 kilometers of
the Kallang River that had
previously been forced into a
concrete drainage channel,
creating new recreation
opportunities while helping
protect the city from flooding.

36
37
The approach
includes a series of
interventions to
renovate traditional
tanneries, create
public spaces and
pedestrian zones, and
restore wetlands as
well as biodiversity.

38
The demolition of a vast
motorway through the centre of
South Korea’s capital and the
restoration of a river and park
in its place proves that mega-
cities can be changed for the
better.

http://sfucity.wordpress.com/2007/01/10/best-new-urban-space-in-the-world/
39
The interface between architecture,
town planning , and related
What is Urban Design? professions. A vital bridge, giving
structure and reality to two
Lots of architecture dimensional master plans and
abstract planning briefs, before
detailed architectural of engineering
Space between buildings design can take place.
A thoughtful municipal policy The design of the built-up area at the

local scale, including the grouping of
buildings for different use, the
movement systems and services
associated with them, and the spaces
and urban landscape between them.
and it goes on and on................

40
Definitions of Urban Design
A short clear DEFINITION..... Urban Design is an interdisciplinary area which

......simply is not possible is concerned with Design of Urban space
Instead, we should focus on
Latin word ‘ Urbs’ originally mean a city, so
urban design means city design.
SUBSTANCE In other words Urban design indicates the
Architecture of Towns and cities – which
MOTIVES means deep structure or internal structure of
cities not the appearance of its buildings.
METHODS
ROLES OF URBAN DESIGN City is a large , relatively dense settlement

of heterogeneous people ( K.Lynch, 1981)
City is a place in which citizens with rights

What is Urban Design? of citizenship, live a civic life( Gibberd)

41
"Urban design is an integral part of the process of city and regional planning.
It is primarily and essentially three-dimensional design but must also deal with the
non-visual aspects of environment such as noise, smell or feelings of danger and
safety, which contribute significantly to the character of an area.
Its major characteristic is the arrangement

of the physical objects
and human activities in it is essentially external, as distinct
from internal space. Urban design includes a concern for the relationship of
new development to existing city from as much as to the social, political and
economic demands and resources available. It is equally concerned with the
relationship of different forms of movement to urban development.”

42
Urban Space Design for People
Urban design concerns the arrangement, appearance and functionality of towns and
cities, and in particular the shaping and uses of urban public space.

43
Barcelona Water front

44
Barcelona Water front

45
Coop Himmelbau, a 40-years old firm that active in architecture, urban planning, design, and
art, won the design competition of Museum of Contemporary Art & Planning Exhibition in
Shenzhen, China. As described by the architects, the design is an urban meeting point
and serves as a dynamic element in the progressive system of the city
of Shenzhen in the middle of their new center.

46
Urban Space Design for People by NAO (Normal + Architecture + Office) founded by Srdjan Jovanovic

47
Architecture is moving from
style to flexible organization,
from form-centered design
to a psychology-driven
process.
It needs to explore the in- Daniel Libeskind
between; transitional zones,

moments of interaction
between people, goods and
information.

48
Urban Design Theory
Urban design concerns the arrangement,

appearance and functionality of towns and cities,
and in particular the shaping and uses of urban public space. It
has traditionally been regarded as a disciplinary subset of
urban planning, landscape architecture and architecture.
However, with its increasing prominence in the activities of

these disciplines, it is better conceptualised as a design
practice that operates at the intersection of all three, and
requires a good understanding of a range of others besides,
such as urban economics, political economy and social theory.

49
Urban design theory deals primarily with the design
and management of public space and the way
public places are experienced and used. Public Jane Jacobs
space includes the totality of spaces used freely on a
Jane Jacobs (1916-2006) was
day-to-day basis by the general public, such as an urban writer and activist who
streets, plazas, parks and public championed new, community-
based approaches to planning
infrastructure. for over 40 years. Her 1961
treatise, The Death and Life of
Some aspects of privately owned spaces, such as Great American Cities, became
building facades or domestic gardens, also perhaps the most influential
contribute to public space and are therefore also American text about the inner
considered by Urban design theory. Important workings and failings
writers on, and advocates for, urban design theory of cities, inspiring
include Edmund Bacon, Gordon Cullen, Jane Jacobs, Christopher generations of urban planners
Alexander, William H. Whyte, Kevin Lynch, Aldo Rossi, Robert
and activists.
Venturi, Colin Rowe, Peter Calthorpe and Jan Gehl.

50
Why Designing Urban Space?
Not for aesthetics only of course............

Our understanding of the problems, goals, and means for designing urban
space is different than past attempts, like-
•Garden City Movement by Ebenezer Howard
•Charter of Athens (CIAM)
19th century industrialized city: Physical decay and social inequities
•Physical requirements for healthy, humane and beautiful urban environments

•Main focus – PHYSICAL DESIGN OF CITIES
?

CIAM - Congrès International d'Architecture Moderne 51
Such comparisons is
that there really is no
perfect form of street
fabric - many different
networks and patterns
are capable of
producing wonderful
places.

52

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ARCH 4109

URBAN DESIGN II Prerequisite – URBAN DESIGN I - ARCH 3201

Department of Architecture American International University - Bangladesh

Ashik Ikbal, assistant professor

> Lecture 3,4,5

> Lecture 6,7,8

Introducing the concept of Figure ground and Nolli Map

> URBAN DESIGN II – Basic Premise: Design of Urban Space

>Defining Neighborhood 11,12

> URBAN DESIGN II – Design of Urban Space: Theories and practice

> Lecture 16,17

> URBAN DESIGN II – Design Process and Reflections

> URBAN DESIGN II – Design Process and Reflections

> URBAN DESIGN II – Design Process and Reflections

The design of the public realm, its central concerns

•Rob Krier (1991). Urban Space, London: Academy Editions.

> URBAN DESIGN II – Reference: Main Texts

> URBAN DESIGN II – Lecture 01

Urban design is derived from but transcends related matters such as

In summary, urban design is about creating a vision for an area and

> URBAN DESIGN II – Lecture 01

The majority of urban design issues are the

> URBAN DESIGN II – Rise of Urban Design

> URBAN DESIGN II – Rise of Urban Design

> URBAN DESIGN II – Rise of Urban Design

> URBAN DESIGN II – Preamble

•To explain the different analysis of urban design.

•To encourage critical thinking about the subject.

> URBAN DESIGN II – OBJECTIVE

•Form of a city and theories.

•Theory of good city form ?

•Urban textures and networks

•City models and city design - Urban design process

•Responsive Environment – permeability, Varity, legibility, appropriateness,

> URBAN DESIGN II – FIELD TO COVER

> URBAN DESIGN II – Lecture - 01

> URBAN DESIGN II – Lecture - 01

Matters such as community

> URBAN DESIGN II – Lecture - 01

On the other hand, Urban

> URBAN DESIGN II – Lecture - 01 > Clarification

"Urban design is defined... as that branch of city planning that

> URBAN DESIGN II – Lecture - 01

Urban planning emerged as the practical solution of the haphazard physical

•Role of Design: Spatial or Social?

> URBAN DESIGN II – Lecture - 01

1. Historic preservation and urban conservation

> URBAN DESIGN II – Lecture - 01

> URBAN DESIGN II – Lecture - 01

If there are changes that we prefer to take

> URBAN DESIGN II – Lecture - 01

The body of a demolition worker under the ravage

Urban Design-what, why, how and

> URBAN DESIGN II – Lecture - 01

> URBAN DESIGN II – Lecture - 01

> URBAN DESIGN II – Lecture - 01

> URBAN DESIGN II – Lecture - 01

> URBAN DESIGN II – Lecture - 01

A thoughtful municipal policy The design of the built-up area at the

and it goes on and on................

> URBAN DESIGN II – Lecture - 01

A short clear DEFINITION..... Urban Design is an interdisciplinary area which

ROLES OF URBAN DESIGN City is a large , relatively dense settlement