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I. Interiors
a. This refers to painting of the space inside of a part of a
house or a building. This usually reveals the social class of
the family living in that particular house, as well as the
traits of people living in it.
II. Landscapes
a. These paintings portray natural scenery or urban scenes.
Mixed media is now used in creating landscape paintings.
Closely related to landscapes are seascapes, which focus
on large bodies of water, particularly the oceans or the
sea.
III. Portraits
a. This refers to a painting portraying one or more individuals.
This usually portrays the physical characters of the subject
and seeks to show an understanding of that person’s
characters.
IV. Nudes
a. These are paintings that portray the unclothed human
figure. Nowadays, a wide variety of materials and styles
can be used in painting nudes. Nude painting sessions are
conducted in galleries.
V. Religious painting
a. Common subjects of religious painting include a lone
religious images, lives of saints, and scenes based from the
scriptures like the nativity scene and the stations of the
cross.
VI. Still life
a. This refers to a painting that depicts natural or man-made
objects that form a composition in a natural setting. There
are still modern artists who did still life paintings, such as
Ang Kiukok, Federico Aguilar Alcuaz, and Manuel
Baldemor. Each artist use his own style in portraying still life.

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LESSON 1: ART AND ITS VISUAL ELEMENTS

In order to understand how to describe a painting or a

sculpture, it is important to comprehend first the visual elements
of the art. The visual elements of art are line, color, shape,
space, value, texture, time and motion.

I. Line
a. This refers to a prolongation of a point, or a mark on
a surface. Solid lines can be used to suggest forms
while broken lines are typically used to suggest
hidden forms. Lines are also used to suggest
dimensions, and to guide visual movement.
II. Shape and Mass
a. This element of art refers to an area with boundaries
identified or drawn using lines. A shape may be
based on natural or living forms. This shape is called
an organic shape, and can be irregular or rounded.
A shape may also be based on measure forms. This
shape, on the other hand, is called a geometric
shape, in contrast to a shape, which is two-
dimensional, mass refers to solid portions of a three
dimensional object.

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I. Triadric
a. This color scheme uses three colors that are of equal
distance with each other.
II. Tetradic
a. Also known as double complementary color scheme, this
uses two pairs of complementary colors.
III. Value
a. This element refers to the feel or appearance of a surface.
A person may describe texture if the surface is either
smooth or rough. Texture may also be described as actual
or implied. Actual texture can be felt tangibly based on
the material that is used for the artwork. On the other
hand, implied texture can be exhibited, for instace, in a
painting of fur of an animal.
IV. Space
a. Space refers to the area that is occupied by an object or
a subject, as well as the area surrounding that object or
subject. An illusion of space can still be created in two
dimensional surfaces using perspective, which involves the
use of vanishing points and receding hidden lines.

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I. Bungalow
a. This refers to a one-story house with a wide front porch
and large windows it may also have a terrace, which may
be roofed or not.
II. Ethnic houses
a. Bahay kubo
i. The bahay kubo is considered as an ethnic house of
Christian peasant families living in the lowland areas.
This is typically owned by families belonging in low
income groups. The bahay kubo has pile
constructions and a roof sliding in all sides, which is
typical in traditional ethnic houses. However, the
bahay kubo has sliding windows for ventilation. An
owner of a bahay kubo can easily arrange house
units since it only has one room. This allows people
living within the house to move freely and to interact
with people, even those living outside the house,
easily.
b. Houseboat
i. The houseboat is basically a boat that also serves as
a dwelling. The badjao or Sama Laot typically reside
in houseboats
c. One and a half story house
i. The one and a half story house is characterized by
an upper level or story covering just half of the lower
level. This may also become a split level house.
d. Split level house
i. The split level house in the phillipines has two main
levels. The lower level houses the kitchen, living and
dining areas, while the upper level has the
bedrooms, these levels are separated by about a
half, or less than a half of story.

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e. Tsalet
i. The phillipine tsalet refers to a suburban house that
has one story, a two story house with living quarters
on the upper level, or an elevated one-story house.
The term tsalet cames from the term “chalet” which
refers to a peasant house in switserland

f. Jeepney and caleso painting

i. The calesa is typically painted using one color. The
borders of the calesa are decorated with geometric
pattern, repetitive patterns and/or thin lines.

g. Collage this refers to a form of painting that involves

combine of image in a single artwork. This entails cutting
and pasting materials such as papers, fabric, tin foil and
other relative materials