Investigating the cause and effect of class tardiness incidence from the first subject period among

the senior high students at BBNHS-ANNEX

Submitted by:

Paulo Maligat

Lynviel Alfonso

Danielle Cruz

Trixie Ken Santos

Lennymar Garcia

Submitted to: Sir Crisol

 CHAPTER I
Investigating the cause and effect of class tardiness incidence on their first period
among the senior high students at BBNHS-ANNEX

Background of the study

Free Dictionary (2008) mentioned that “tardiness” implies a situation where an

individual is coming, occurring or remaining after correct, usual or expected time.
Students are tardy for a variety of reasons, but being late to class can become a habit
that can have a negative effect on their success in school. Many Senior High School
students come late to school and as a result; academic subjects will be affected as
well as the grades, and they will be able to miss classes as it affects their class
performance that is why every Senior High school student should eliminate the
cause regarding tardiness.

According to Stacy Zeiger retrived 10-8-16 4:05

(https://www.blaineschools.org/site/default.aspx?PageType=3&DomainID=12&ModuleIn
stanceID=2271&ViewID=6446EE88-D30C-497E-93163F8874B3E108&RenderLoc=0&F
lexDataID=5189&PageID=17), A students who are frequently tardy have lower GPAs,
lower scores on standardized assessments, and lower graduation rates. Chronic
tardiness in elementary and middle school is also linked to failure in high school
because if Students who are frequently tardy to school are also more apt to be fired
from a job for showing up late. The top three observed effects of tardiness according to
the respondents were stressed (58%), tired (52%), and disorganized (34%) according to
university research council. Tardiness causes students to feel disconnected with school,
leading to behavior problems and dropouts.

The top three possible solutions to habitual tardiness chosen by the respondents for
themselves: going to bed early (77%), create and follow a schedule (57%), and lessen
the number of hours in using gadgets (5) %). The top three possible solutions to
habitual tardiness from home: inform other family members to wake them up early
(50%), consistent monitoring by parents (44%), and parents to be conscious of school
time (38%) so family and other reltives should support students to be on time. Retrived
10-6-18 4:44 http://research.addu.edu.ph/its-about-time-to-be-on-time-a-study-on-
students-tardiness-in-ateneo-de-davao-university-junior-high-school/. A student who
always late give a sign of lethargy and disengagement from school This attitude can
even become more adverse turns in truant attitudes, dropping out of school and even
in the workplace when students become uninvited adult working employees. Students
must understand the importance of punctuality and how it connects to their future
working lives.

Statement of the problem

1. What are the possible causes of tardiness incidence among students?

2. How does the tardiness of a student affect his/her studies?

3. What are the things that the parents, teachers, and school could help lessen
and avoid student’s tardiness?

Significance of the Study

This study will benefit the following groups of people:

Students

To be aware of the effect of being tardy especially in school so that the nexttime
that they will do it, they will think twice because they have an idea now on what
willhappen to them if they continue being tardy in school.

Teachers
 To be aware on those students who are always coming late or not on timein
school and they can advise their students on what are they going to do to avoid being
tardy in school

Future Researcher

They will have some references or ideas in the near future if they willgoing to
take a research with the same topic.

Parents

The research benefits the parents of the children with special needs. As parents
enrolled their children in this institution, comes with self-assurance that their children are
given more education that would make them a functional individual in the society

Scope Delimitation

This study will be conducted to know the cause and effects of tardiness.

The study focuses on preventing tardiness among the senior high Students at
Bagong Barrio National High School-Annex. It is a specific topic but still covers a lot of
factors. The study covers ways and changes that Bagong Barrio National High School-
Annex should follow in order to lessen the number of tardy students In order to prevent
tardiness, the students must know its causes and effects in many ways.
The study covers the tardiness in coming to school, attending classes and other
important appointments, activities, etc. these factors are all important because the
students of Bagong Barrio National High School-Annex should know what tardiness
could do to them if it becomes a habit.
This study is only limited to the respondents from Bagong Barrio National Highschool-
Annex that commits tardiness during the first subject period and does not cover up other
schools and universities.

Definition of Terms

Academic Performance

It is defined by students’ reporting of past semester CGPA/GPA and their

expected GPA for the current semester. The grade point average or GPA is now used

by most of the tertiary institutions as a convenient summary measure of the academic

performance of their students.

Awareness

It is the ability to directly know and perceive, to feel, or to be cognizant of events.

More broadly, it is the state of being conscious of something.

Behavior

It is the range of actions and mannerisms made by individuals, organisms,

systems, or artificial entities in conjunction with themselves or their environment, which

includes the other systems or organisms around as well as the (inanimate) physical

environment.

Lethargy

A lack of energy and enthusiasm.

Stress

It is force exerted when one body or body part presses on, pulls on, pushes

against, or tends to compress or twist another body or body part.

Truant

A student who stays away from school without leave or explanation.

Tardiness

The quality or fact of being late; lateness.

Hypothesis

Ha

There is a relationship between the cause and effect of class tardiness incidence

among the senior high students at BBNHS-Annex

Ho

There is no a significant between the cause and effect of class tardiness

incidence among the senior high students at BBNHS-Annex

H

There is a significant difference the cause and effect of class tardiness incidence

among the Senior High students at BBNHS-Annex

 CHAPTER II

Investigating the cause and effect of Class Tardiness incidence among the senior high
Students at BBNHS-ANNEX

Review of Related Literature

One of the most critical and frustrating problem in our school system and education, then and
now, is the problem of our schools and students due to tardiness.

Tardiness, according to dictionary.com, is defined as the habit of being late or delaying arrival.
(Tardiness. Retrieved October 6, 2018, from https://www.dictionary.com/browse/tardiness?s=t)

Free Dictionary (2003) mentioned that “tardiness” implies a situation where an individual is
coming, occurring or remaining after correct, usual or expected time (Malik, Ladhani, &
Bhamani). Thus, the term “class tardiness” has been defined as students coming late, not
attending lecture on time, missing out initial time from the first period and primarily not being
present in the time set (Malik et al.,).

Sometimes, the habit of tardiness can be taken even up to a person’s adulthood and it can deeply
affect their work life and career performance.

To be at work on time is an implied obligation unless stated otherwise. It is a legal reason for
discharge in cases when it is a demonstrable disregard of duty: repeated tardiness without
compelling reasons, tardiness associated with other misconduct, and single inexcusable tardiness
resulted in grave loss of employer's interests. (Employment Development Department. .
Misconduct MC 15. Retrieved October 6, 2018, from
https://www.edd.ca.gov/uibdg/Misconduct_MC_15.htm)

Being always late in class can affect the learning of a student as well as she/ he can disturb other
students and also the teacher who are having a class. According to breeze et al. (2010) lateness is
synonymous to “Tardiness”, which implies being slow to act or being slow to respond, thus not
meeting up with proper or usual timing. Habitual tardiness can also be learned from other
members of the family especially from the older ones. Film watching at night can also affect the
tardiness of a students. According to Nakpodia and Dafiaghor (2011), waking up late in the
morning are one of the most factors of lateness why they go to school late is because of heavy
traffic, household chores, vehicle breakdowns and lack of responsibility are some reasons why
students arrive late to class

One of the major causes of lateness is going to bed late because it could result in waking up late
and insufficient rest for the lesson on the next day (Nakpodia & Daflaghor, 2011; Paren, 2012).
On the other hand, one of the many reasons for going to bed late is due to insomnia.

Insomnia, also known as sleeplessness, is a sleep disorder where people have trouble sleeping.
(Insomnia. Retrieved October 8, 2018, from https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/insomnia#)

Sometimes, insomnia only lasts a few days and goes away on its own, especially when the
insomnia is tied to an obvious temporary cause, such as stress over an upcoming presentation, a
painful breakup, or jet lag. Other times, insomnia is stubbornly persistent. Chronic insomnia is
usually tied to an underlying mental or physical issue.

Anxiety, stress, and depression are some of the most common causes of chronic insomnia.
Having difficulty sleeping can also make anxiety, stress, and depression symptoms worse. Other
common emotional and psychological causes include anger, worry, grief, bipolar disorder, and
trauma. Treating these underlying problems is essential to resolving your insomnia.

Medical problems or illness. Many medical conditions and diseases can contribute to insomnia,
including asthma, allergies, Parkinson’s disease, hyperthyroidism, acid reflux, kidney disease,
and cancer. Chronic pain is also a common cause of insomnia.

(Insomnia: What to Do When You Can't Fall Asleep or Stay Asleep. Retrieved October 9, 2018,
from https://www.helpguide.org/articles/sleep/insomnia-causes-and-cures.html)
 CHAPTER III

Methodology
A survey questionnaire consisting of multiple choice questions will be used to in
this research for easier tabulation and quantifying of data from the answers of all
participants. Participants will be students from Bagong Barrio National High School -
Annex . The participants for the study will involve grade 11 senior high school
students and also the grade 12 level that was affected by Tardiness.

Participants or respondents will be purposedly selected from the premises of

the Bagong Barrio National High School Annex. There will be 100 student, 5O for grade
11 students and another 50 for grade 12 that will be studied in our research, they under
observation in the study during the data analysis.

The survey questionnaire will consist of two components; part one where the
subject will report personal information (demographic information, grade level, name,
etc.) and part two where the subject will report experience related to Tardiness by
answering the survey questionnaires consisting of multiple choice questions.

Sampling technique

This research used the probability sampling out of the 2 types of sampling
technique, more specifically it used the stratified random sampling.
Stratified random sampling is a method of sampling that involves the division of a
population into smaller groups known as strata. In stratified random sampling, or
stratification, the strata are formed based on members' shared attributes or
characteristics.

Stratified random sampling is also called proportional random sampling or quota

random sampling.
Statistical Treatment

In order to save time and money, the researcher selected a small group from the
population. The small group used is referred to as a sample size, which is a subset of
the population that is used to represent the population.

To get the sample size the following formula is used: (Slovin’s formula)
 Questionnaire

Name:

Age:

Instruction: encircle your answer

1. What do you think are the possible cause/causes of the tardiness incidence from
the first subject period of the school among the SHS student of BBNHS-Annex
premises?
a. Late sleeping schedule
b. Insomnia
c. Work
d. Traffic or Commuting problems
e. Gadget overuse (too much use of gadgets like cellphone or computer)
f. Others.
2. How late are you on your first period?
a. 1-5 minutes
b. 6-10 minutes
c. 10-15 minutes
d. 16-20 minutes
e. 21 minutes and above.
3. How often do you get late or tardy in a week?
a. Once a week (1 day late only)
b. Twice a week (2 days)
c. Thrice a week (3 days)
d. Four times a week (4 days)
e. Five times or everyday of the week (5 days)
4. What is your average grade from the first grading (please be honest)
a. Below 75
b. 75-80
c. 81-85
d. 86-90
e. 91 and above
5. Do your parent makes you sleep early?
a. Rarely (madalang o bihira sabihan)
b. Seldom (paminsan-minsan)
c. Often (medjo madalas)
 d. Frequently (madalas)
e. Always (palagi)
6. Does your teacher talk to you about your tardiness
a. Rarely (madalang o bihira sabihan)
b. Seldom (paminsan-minsan)
c. Often (medjo madalas)
d. Frequently (madalas)
e. Always (palagi)
7. How often does the school punish you for your tardiness.
a. Rarely (madalang o bihira sabihan)
b. Seldom (paminsan-minsan)
c. Often (medjo madalas)
d. Frequently (madalas)
e. Always (palagi)
8. What time do you get up in the morning
a. 4:00-4:30
b. 4:31-5:00
c. 5:00-6:30
d. 6:31-7:00
e. 7:00 and above
9. Do you agree that tardiness affect your academic grades negatively?
a. Strongly agree
b. Agree
c. Undecided
d. Disagree
e. Strongly disagree
10. What do you think are the possible solution for tardiness
a. Sleeping early
b. Getting a prescription or check up for insomnia or health related reason
c. Make stricter rules in the school
d. Make stricter rules in your household
e. Lessen the use of gadget.
Slovin’s Formula

𝐍
𝐧=
𝟏+𝐍𝐞𝟐

𝟑𝟏𝟕
𝐧=
𝟏+(𝟑𝟏𝟕)(𝟎.𝟐)𝟐

𝟑𝟏𝟕
𝐧=
𝟏+(𝟑𝟏𝟕)(𝟎.𝟎𝟒)

𝟑𝟏𝟕
𝐧=
𝟏+𝟏𝟐.𝟔𝟖

𝟑𝟏𝟕
𝐧=
𝟏𝟑.𝟔𝟖

𝐧 = 𝟐𝟑. 𝟏𝟕

𝐧 = 𝟐𝟑
Interpretation of Data

QUESTION A B C D E F
1 8 1 0 0 6 0
2 11 1 1 2 0 -
3 5 8 1 1 0 -
4 2 5 4 4 0 -
5 6 6 1 1 1 -
6 8 3 1 3 0 -
7 5 5 4 0 1 -
8 1 0 10 4 0 -
9 6 5 3 1 0 -
10 7 2 1 0 5 -

Table 1: G12 Student at Bagong Barrio National High School-Annex

Out of 30 respondent 8 or 53% of them says that late sleeping schedule is the possible cause of
tardiness, on the other hand 1 or 7% answered insomnia, meanwhile 6 or 40% of the respondents
said that the possible cause of their tardiness is due to the overuse of gadget.

Furthermore, 11 or 73% of the respondents, or in other word, most of the respondents answered
and said in the second question, that they get late during the first 1 to 5 minutes of the first period
subject, then the other 1 or 7% answered b in the questionnaire and stated that they get late for 6
to 10 minutes, moreover 1 of the respondent or 7% of the respondent answered that he/she get
late for 10-15 minutes during the first period class, lastly 2 or 13% of the respondents said that
they get late for 16-20 minutes.

Continually, on the third question, 5 or 33% of the respondents answered that they only get late
once a week, 8 or 53% however said that they get late twice, 1 or 7% on the other hand says that
they get late thrice a week and the last 1 or the 7% of the respondent answered “d” and said that
they get late four times a week.

Moreover, on the fourth question 2 or 13% of the respondents says that their grade is below 75,
while 5 or 33% says that his/her grade is on the range of 75 to 80, however, 4 or 27% of the
respondent says that they have a grade in the range of 80 to 85, and the other 4 or 27% of the
respondent says that he/she have a grade on the range of 86 to 90.

On the fifth question, 6 or 40% of the respondents said that their parents rarely tell them to sleep
early, 6 or 40% said that their parents seldom tell them that, and then, , 1 or 6.7% of the
respondents answered “frequently”, 1 or 6.7% of the respondents answered “often”, and the last
1 respondent or 6.7% answered “e” and says that their parent always advices them to go to sleep
early.
On the sixth question, the question tackles whether the teachers talk to the students about their
tardiness, 8 or 55% answered “rarely”, 3 or 20% answered “seldom”, 1 or 7% answered “often”,
3 or 20% answered “frequently” and 0 answered always.

Additionally, on the 7th question that tackles how often a school punishes a student’s tardiness, 5
or 33% answered that they rarely get punished, 5 or 33% says that they seldom do, 4 or 27% said
that they often get punished and 0 says that they frequently do, and, lastly 1 or 7% says that they
always get punished for their tardiness.

On the 8th question, the survey asked what time does the students wake up in the morning, 1 or
6.7% says that they wake up from 4:00-4:30 am, the other 0 says that they wake up from 4:31 to
5:00, then 10 or 66.7% said that they wake up from 5:00-6:30, while 4 or 26.7% says that they
wake up from 6:31-7:00 and the last other 0 says that they wake up from 7:00 or later than that.

On the 9th question the survey ask how much the students agree that tardiness affects their grades
negatively, 6 or 40% of the respondents says that they strongly agree, on the other hand 5 of the
respondents or also 33% of the respondents says that they agree, 3 or 20% says that they are
undecided on how much they agree or disagree, the other 1 or 7% says that they disagree and the
last 3% says that they strongly disagree.

Finally, on the last or 10th question that tackles about what the respondent think is the possible
solution for tardiness, 7 or 47% of the respondents said and answered that the possible solution
for tardiness is sleeping early, and then 2 or 13% think that getting a prescription for health
related issue is the best answer, additionally, the other 1 or 7% answered that the solution for
tardiness might be from making stricter rules in the school, meanwhile 0 answered that the
solution for tardiness is making stricter rules in their respective household and the other last 5 or
7% decided that they think that the solution in lessening the use of gadget.
QUESTION A B C D E F
1 8 1 0 1 3 2
2 11 3 1 0 0 -
3 10 1 3 1 0 -
4 2 4 7 2 0 -
5 3 7 0 4 1 -
6 7 5 1 1 1 -
7 7 5 1 1 1 -
8 2 2 1 9 1 -
9 5 5 2 2 1 -
10 11 0 1 2 1 -

Table 2: G11 Student at Bagong Barrio National High School-Annex

Out of 30 respondent 8 or 53% of them says that late sleeping schedule is the possible cause of
tardiness, on the other hand 1 or 7% answered insomnia, meanwhile 1 or 7% of the respondents
said that the possible cause of their tardiness is due to the overuse of gadget, lastly, the other 2 or
20% of the respondents answered “others” as they have other reasons for being tardy or late that
was not included on the multiple choice.

Furthermore, 11 or 73% of the respondents, or in other word, most of the respondents answered
and said in the second question, that they get late during the first 1 to 5 minutes of the first period
subject, then the other 3 or 20% answered b in the questionnaire and stated that they get late for
6 to 10 minutes, moreover the last 1 of the respondent or 7% of the respondent answered that
he/she get late for 10-15 minutes during the first period class.

Continually, on the third question, 10 or 66.7% of the respondents answered that they only get
late once a week, 1 or 6.7% however said that they get late twice, 3 or 20% on the other hand
says that they get late thrice a week and the last 1 or the 67% of the respondent answered “d” and
said that they get late four times a week.

Moreover, on the fourth question 2 or 13% of the respondents says that their grade is below 75,
while 4 or 27% says that his/her grade is on the range of 75 to 80, however, 7 or 47% of the
respondent says that they have a grade in the range of 80 to 85, and lastly the other 2 or 13% of
the respondent says that he/she have a grade on the range of 86 to 90.

On the fifth question, 3 or 20% of the respondents said that their parents rarely tell them to sleep
early, 7 or 47% said that their parents seldom tell them that, and then, 4 or 27% of the
respondents answered “often”, and the last 1 respondent or 7% answered “e” and says that their
parent always advices them to go to sleep early.
On the sixth question, the question tackles whether the teachers talk to the students about their
tardiness, 7 or 47% answered “rarely”, 5 or 33% answered “seldom”, 1 or 7% answered “often”,
1 or 7% answered “frequently” and 1 or 7% answered always.

Additionally, on the 7th question that tackles how often a school punishes a student’s tardiness, 7
or 47% answered that they rarely get punished, 5 or 33% says that they seldom do, 1 or 7% said
that they often get punished and 1 or 7% says that they frequently do, and, lastly 1 or 7% says
that they always get punished for their tardiness.

On the 8th question, the survey asked what time does the students wake up in the morning, 13%
says that they wake up from 4:00-4:30 am, the other 13% says that they wake up from 4:31 to
5:00, then 7% said that they wake up from 5:00-6:30, while 9% says that they wake up from
6:31-7:00 and the last other 7% says that they wake up from 7:00 or later than that.

On the 9th question the survey ask how much the students agree that tardiness affects their grades
negatively, % of the respondents says that they strongly agree, on the other hand the same
number of the respondents or also % of the respondents says that they agree, % says that they are
undecided on how much they agree or disagree, the other % says that they disagree and the last 3%
says that they strongly disagree.

Finally, on the last or 10th question that tackles about what the respondent think is the possible
solution for tardiness, 11 or 33% of the respondents said and answered that the possible solution
for tardiness is sleeping early, and then 33% think that getting a prescription for health related
issue is the best answer, additionally, the other 13% answered that the solution for tardiness
might be from making stricter rules in the school, meanwhile 13% answered that the solution for
tardiness is making stricter rules in their respective household and the other last 7% decided that
they think that the solution in lessening the use of gadget.