Electrical and Electronic Instrumentation – Assignment I

Due date: 21 January 2019

1. A set of twenty pressure readings are obtained in a measurement as follows:

10.02, 10.20, 10.26, 10.20, 10.22, 10.13, 9.97, 10.12, 10.09, 9.90, 10.05, 10.17, 10.42,
10.21, 10.23, 10.11, 9.98, 10.10, 10.04, 9.81.
Making use of the normal distribution function
(a) Determine the probability of pressure readings to be less than 10 kPa.
(b) Determine the probability of obtaining pressure readings between 10 kPa and
10.42 kPa.

2. The voltages at opposite ends of a 470 Ω, ±5% resistor are measured as V1 = 12 V and
V2 = 5 V. The measuring accuracies are ±0.5% for V1 and ±2% for V2. Calculate the
level of current in the resistor and specify its accuracy.

3. A voltage divider has been built with two resistors
  Δ
 and
  ΔR . Assuming
that the source voltage is known exactly, find out the error in measurement of voltage
across
 .

4. In the circuit shown in the figure, the current flowing in the resistors
 and
 is
measured by inserting in sequence the same ammeter whose impedance can be assumed
negligible. The uncertainty of this instrument is 1.5% and is due to the accuracy of the
calibration procedure. The measured current values are  = 498μA and 
= 482 μA.
Knowing that the resistance of
 is 998 Ω with an uncertainty of 1.5% of its value,
compute the best estimate of the value of the resistance
 and its uncertainty.

5. Same as problem 4, except that the currents are measured with different instruments
each having an uncertainty of 1.5%.

6. A first order pressure sensor must meet the following dynamic response specifications:
(a) At least 95% accuracy within 0.05 s after a step input
(b) Steady state error of no more than 14 kPa for a ramp input of 0.7 MPa/s
(c) Amplitude accuracy no worse than 90% for a sine wave input of frequency 20.0
Hz.
Find the largest allowable time constant for this sensor.

7. A balloon carrying a first-order thermometer, with a 15-s time constant, rises through
the atmosphere at 6 m/s. Assume temperature varies with altitude at 0.15°C/30 m. The
balloon radios temperature and altitude readings back to the ground. At 3000 m the
balloon says the temperature is 0°C. What is the true altitude at which 0°C occurs? What
is the correct temperature at 3000 m?
 Electrical and Electronic Instrumentation – Assignment I
Due date: 21 January 2019
8. Consider a first-order instrument whose = 0.2 s. Suppose the input to this instrument
is   sin 2  0.3 sin 20. What will be the output of this instrument?

9. An accelerometer has critically damped, second-order, low-pass dynamics with the

transfer function:
 !"
 
    1 
where = 1 s, !" = 0.001 V/(m/s2).
Obtain the expression for % 
Given a step input of acceleration at t = 0, find how long it will take %  to reach the
following: (A) 95% of its steady state (SS) value, (B) 99% of its SS value, and (C)
99.9% of its SS value.

10. A piezoelectric pressure sensor and its signal conditioning amplifier have a transfer
function approximated by
 10
  '
& 100  1
The input is a 100 psi pressure step. (A) Find the expression for %  and sketch it.

11. An electronic temperature sensor converts temperature in degrees Kelvin to output

microamperes. When it is immersed in water, its transfer function is
 1.5 * 10+
  ,-/!.
(   0.3   0.05
Find the expression for /  and sketch it.; when at time t = 0, the sensor is taken out
of a glass of 20°C water and immersed in a glass of 55°C water.

12.
0 (a) For the given circuit, calculate the

transfer function   /  .
(b) Let 0 = 0.01H. Choose the
remaining parameters of the circuit
such that 12  103 and 4  0.05.
 5  Obtain and sketch the response of this
system to a unit step function.

13. Find out the response of the first order system to the following inputs and sketch the
behavior:
(a) Step
(b) Ramp
(c) Impulse
(d) Sine
Also find the response of the second order system to the above inputs and sketch.