IEC 84.00.07[1] is a technical report developed by the ISA 84 standards panel.

It
defines the lifecycle and technical requirements for ensuring effective design
of fire and gas detection systems for use in the process industries. The technical
report provides a lifecycle for performance based design of fire and gas detection
systems, listing out the steps involved in a performance based design and
establishing requirements to be implemented for each step. The technical report
also defines performance metrics for application to fire and gas detection systems.
The performance metrics established in this report for fire and gas system
effectiveness include coverage and safety availability.
Scope

The technical report discusses fire and gas detector placement for process industry
applications. The report does not include discussions on the attributes of fire
detection signaling equipment or equipment that is activated upon detection of a
fire or gas release, such as alarms, sprinklers, or chemical suppression systems.
The process industries include industrial facilities that handle bulk chemicals, such
as oil refining and upgrading, petrochemical, specialty chemical, pharmaceutical,
pulp and paper, and non-nuclear power generation.
History

In 2006, the ISA 84 committee developed a working group to study the issue of
how fire and gas systems should be treated with respect to the IEC
61511 standard for safety instrumented systems. Many industry practitioners were
having trouble utilizing the IEC 61511 standard for the design of fire and gas
systems for two reasons: fire and gas systems are not 100% effective in detecting
fires and gas releases (i.e., coverage is not 100%), and even if a fire or gas release
is detected, the consequences of the incident are not prevented, they are only
reduced (i.e., mitigative). As a result, the techniques and metrics shown in IEC
61511 are not adequate to perform fire and gas system design. The ISA 84
committee formed a working group to study the issue. In 2010, this working group
released the first version of the ISA 84.00.07 technical report that laid out new
techniques and metrics that were required to effectively design FGS systems using
the performance based techniques that underpin the IEC 61511 standard.
The Technical Report

The technical report provides two primary guidance efforts. The first is the
development of a lifecycle for the performance based design on Fire and Gas
systems. This safety lifecycle includes the steps required to design a functionally
safe fire and gas system, along with establishing the requirements of each of the
steps. The technical report also defines the two metrics that define the
effectiveness of fire and gas systems (as opposed to the single metric of safety
integrity level (SIL) that is employed for safety instrumented systems (SIS)). These
two metrics are coverage and safety availability. The coverage of a fire and gas
detection array is defined in two ways. Geographic coverage and scenario coverage. The
geographic coverage is the fraction of the area of given elevation of interest where if a fire
or a gas release were to occur (i.e., be centered) the fire or gas release would be detected
by the fire and gas detection array. Geographic coverage is only concerned with the
location and performance attributes of detection equipment and obstructions to the "view"
of the equipment. Scenario coverage, on the other hand, is defined as the fraction of fire or
gas release scenarios that if they were to occur, would be detected by the fire and gas
detection array. Scenario coverage considers not only the location and attributes of the fire
and gas detection equipment, but also considers the location, frequency, and dimensions
of the fires and gas releases that can occur in a process facility. While scenario coverage
provides a richer understanding of the performance of a fire and gas detection system, it
also is more resource consuming to calculate.

References

1. ISA TR 84.00.07 Guidance on the Evaluation of Fire and Gas System

Effectiveness, 2010, International Society for Automation (ISA)
IEC standard 61511 is a technical standard which sets out practices in the
engineering of systems that ensure the safety of an industrial process through the
use of instrumentation. Such systems are referred to as Safety Instrumented
Systems. The title of the standard is "Functional safety - Safety instrumented
systems for the process industry sector".
Scope

The process industry sector includes many types of manufacturing processes,

such as refineries, petrochemical, chemical, pharmaceutical, pulp and paper, and
power. The process sector standard does not cover nuclear power facilities or
nuclear reactors. IEC 61511 covers the application of electrical, electronic and
programmable electronic equipment. While IEC 61511 does apply to equipment
using pneumatic or hydraulic systems to manipulate final elements, the standard
does not cover the design and implementation of pneumatic or hydraulic logic
solvers.
This standard defines the functional safety requirements established by IEC
61508 in process industry sector terminology. IEC 61511 focuses attention on one
type of instrumented safety system used within the process sector, the Safety
Instrumented System (SIS).
History

In 1998 the IEC, which stands for International Electrotechnical

Commission published a document, IEC 61508, entitled: “Functional safety of
electrical/electronic/programmable electronic safety-related systems”. This
document sets the standards for safety-related system design of hardware and
software. IEC 61508 is generic functional safety standard, providing the framework
and core requirements for sector specific standard. Three sector specific standards
have been released using the IEC 61508 framework, IEC 61511 (process), IEC
61513 (nuclear) and IEC 62061 (manufacturing/machineries). IEC 61511 provides
good engineering practices for the application of safety instrumented systems in
the process sector.
In the United States ANSI/ISA 84.00.01-2004 was issued in September 2004. It
primarily mirrors IEC 61511 in content with the exception that it contains a
grandfathering clause:
For existing safety instrumented systems (SIS) designed and
constructed in accordance with codes, standards, or practices prior to
the issuance of this standard (e.g. ANSI/ISA 84.01-1996), the
owner/operator shall determine and document that the equipment is
designed, maintained, inspected, tested, and operated in a safe
manner.

The European standards body, CENELEC, has adopted the standard as EN

61511. This means that in each of the member states of the European Union, the
standard is published as a national standard. For example, in Great Britain, it is
published by the national standards body, BSI, as BS EN 61511. The content of
these national publications is identical to that of IEC 61511. Note, however, that
61511 is not harmonized under any directive of the European Commission.
The Standard

IEC 61511 covers the design and management requirements for SISs throughout
the entire safety life cycle. Its scope includes: initial concept, design,
implementation, operation, and maintenance through to decommissioning. It starts
in the earliest phase of a project and continues through startup. It contains sections
that cover modifications that come along later, along with maintenance activities
and the eventual decommissioning activities.
The standard consists of three parts:

1. Framework, definitions, system, hardware and software requirements

2. Guidelines in the application of IEC 61511-1
3. Guidance for the determination of the required safety integrity levels

ISA 84.01/IEC 61511 requires a management system for identified SIS. An SIS is
composed of a separate and independent combination of sensors, logic solvers,
final elements, and support systems that are designed and managed to achieve a
specified safety integrity level (SIL). An SIS may implement one or more safety
instrumented functions (SIFs), which are designed and implemented to address a
specific process hazard or hazardous event. The SIS management system should
define how an owner/operator intends to assess, design, engineer, verify, install,
commission, validate, operate, maintain, and continuously improve their SIS. The
essential roles of the various personnel assigned responsibility for the SIS should
be defined and procedures developed, as necessary, to support the consistent
execution of their responsibilities.
ISA 84.01/IEC 61511 uses an order of magnitude metric, the SIL, to establish the
necessary performance. A hazard and risk analysis is used to identify the required
safety functions and risk reduction for specified hazardous events. Safety functions
allocated to the SIS are safety instrumented functions; the allocated risk reduction
is related to the SIL. The design and operating basis is developed to ensure that
the SIS meets the required SIL. Field data are collected through operational and
mechanical integrity program activities to assess actual SIS performance. When
the required performance is not met, action should be taken to close the gap,
ensuring safe and reliable operation.
IEC 61511 references IEC 61508 (the master standard) for many items such as
manufacturers of hardware and instruments and so IEC 61511 cannot be fully
implemented without reference to IEC 61508. IEC 61511 is the process industry
implementation of IEC 61508. [1]
IEC61511 is updated with Edition 2.0
References
1.- IEC61511 Part 1 (normative)