∆𝑙 𝑏ℎ 3 4𝑇

= 𝜀 – strain (def. specifica) 𝐼𝑧 = – principal moment of inertia 𝜏𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 3 𝐴 – tangential stress for
𝑙 12

𝜀𝑡 with respect to z axis rectangular rectangular bar

𝜐=− – Poisson rate shape
𝜀𝑙
𝑀𝑡
𝑏3 ℎ 𝜏= 𝐼𝑝
𝑟 – shear stress for torsion
𝐹 𝐼𝑦 = – principal moment of inertia
𝜎= = 𝐸 ∙ 𝜀 –Hooke’s Law 12
𝑆0
with respect to y axis rectangular 𝑀
𝜏𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑊𝑡 – max shear stress torsion
𝑁 shape 𝑝
𝐴𝑛𝑒𝑐 =
𝜎𝑎
𝛾𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑙 = 𝑅Δ𝜑 – max angle of torsion
𝑁∙𝑙
Δ𝑙 = – elastic deformation 𝜋𝑑 4
𝐸∙𝐴 𝐼𝑧 = 𝐼𝑦 = 64
– principal moment of 𝑀𝑙
Δ𝜑 = 𝐺𝐼𝑡 – slope deflection
𝑝
𝐹 inertia for circle shape
𝜎𝑛𝑜𝑚 = (𝑤−𝑑)∙𝑡 – nominal stress
𝜋(𝐷 4 −𝑑4 )
𝜎𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝐼𝑧 = 𝐼𝑦 = - principal moment
𝑘= – stress concentration factor 64
𝜎𝑛𝑜𝑚
of inertia with for tube shape
Δ𝑙 𝑇 = 𝛼 ∙ 𝑙 ∙ 𝑇 – def. produced due to 𝑑2 𝑀 𝑑𝑇
temperature change = = −𝑞 – relation between
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
load, shear force & bending moment
𝑇
𝜏 = – shear stress
𝐴 𝑀𝑧 𝑀
𝜎= 𝐼𝑧
𝑦 = 𝑊 – Navier’s formula
𝑧
𝑑𝑥
𝑡𝑔 𝛾 = 𝑙
–shear strain where y – the coordinate of the point
in section
𝜏 =𝛾∙𝐺
𝑏ℎ 2
𝐸 𝑊𝑧 = 6
– section modulus for
𝐺= – Poisson Ratio
2(1+𝜐)
rectangular shape bar
𝜋∙𝑑 2
𝐴𝑓 = 𝑛 ∙ 𝑖 – where n=nr. Of bolts 𝜋𝑑 3
4 𝑊𝑧 = 32
– section modulus for
i – nr of shearing area
circular shape
𝐴 = 𝑎(𝑏 − 2𝑎) – area butt welded 𝜋(𝐷 4 −𝑑 4 )
joints a=thickness; b=length 𝑊𝑧 = 32𝐷
– section modulus for
𝜏𝑎𝑆 = 0,8𝜏𝑎 = 0.64𝜎𝑎 tube shape

𝑇𝑆𝑧∗
𝑆𝑧 = ∫𝐴 𝑦𝑑𝐴 – first moment of area 𝜏= 𝑏𝐼𝑧
– Jouraski’s Formula

𝑆𝑦 = ∫𝐴 𝑧𝑑𝐴 3𝑇
𝜏𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 2 𝐴 – tangential stress for
circular bar