Top Science 3 - Teacher's Resource Book

Top Science 3 PRIMARY
TEACHER’S
RESOURCE BOOK
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Introduction
Top Science 3 Teacher’s Resource Book provides a range of materials
designed to complement the Student’s Book and the Teacher’s Book.
These materials contribute to the flexible nature of Top Science: students
in the same class can be given worksheets at different levels, or weaker
students can complete the tasks with stronger peers. Teachers with more
contact hours can make use of these photocopiable materials
as and when they need them.
There are three categories of worksheets: reinforcement, extension,
and assessment. Use them for revision purposes, for extension
practice, as progress tests, assessment or for homework.
The worksheets can be photocopied and filed in a folder.
Reinforcement and extension worksheets
There are forty reinforcement worksheets. These materials constitute

a flexible tool: they can be worked on after the relevant section
in the Student’s Book, before the Activities sections, or as extra
preparation for the unit assessment. The answer keys are provided.
There are fifteen double-page extension worksheets, one for each unit
of the Student’s Book. These worksheets can be used for fast
finishers or to extend class work. Depending on the level of the class,
students can complete the worksheets with or without consulting
their Student’s Book. The answer keys are provided.
1 Your body ReinfoRcement 1 Our skeleton EXTENSION
Name Date Name Date
All vertebrate animals have a skeleton.

Remember The human skeleton is made up of 206 bones.
The main parts of the human body are the head, trunk and limbs. Bones have many important functions:
Organs make your body function. Organs are inside your body. They give the body shape.
They support the body’s muscles.
They support the weight of the body.
1 Label the body parts. They protect the vital organs. For example, the skull protects the brain. The ribs protect
the heart and lungs. The spinal column protects the spinal cord.
head trunk
1 Label the skeleton with these words.
limbs
femur maxilla
humerus clavicle
2 Look at the diagram and write examples. sternum

tibia
brain lung
nasal bone
spinal
column
arm heart radius
skull
pelvis
ulna
leg stomach
knee
ribs cap
An organ inside your head
An organ inside your trunk
fibula
A lower limb
Top Science 3 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © 2011 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S.L. 9 50 Top Science 3 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © 2011 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S.L.
II
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Diagnostic tests
There are six double-page diagnostic tests. They are to be completed

at the start of the school year to give an indication of the student’s
basic level of Science and English. The answer keys are provided.
11 Our
Ourskeleton
skeleton DIAGNOSTIC
DIAGNOSTIC
TESTTEST
11
4 4Which
Which
sense
sense
areare
they
they
using?
using?
Write.
Write.
Name
Name Date
Date
a a b b
1 1Match.
Match.
head
head
limbs
limbs
c c d d e e
trunk
trunk
2 2Complete
Complete
thethe
sentences.
sentences.
elbow
elbow joints
joints knee
knee
Bones
Bones joinjoin together
together at at . . 5 5Label
Label
thethe
diagram.
diagram.
YouYou bend
bend your
your armarm at the
at the . .
lung
lung heart
heart stomach
stomach
YouYou bend
bend your
your legleg at the
at the . .
3 3Match.
Match.
skull
skull
biceps
biceps
rib rib
pectoral muscles
pectoral muscles
tibia
tibia
6 6Tick
Tick
thethe
healthy
healthy
habits.
habits.
abdominal
abdominal muscles
muscles
spinal
spinal Sleep less
Sleep than
less eight
than hours
eight every
hours night.
every night. Drink very
Drink little
very water.
little water.
column
column
calfcalf muscles
muscles EatEat
a varied diet.
a varied diet. Brush your
Brush teeth
your once
teeth a week.
once a week.
femur
femur
Have a bath
Have or shower
a bath every
or shower day.
every day. Exercise often.
Exercise often.
9090 Top Science 3 PHOTOCOPIABLE

Top Science 3 PHOTOCOPIABLE
MATERIAL
MATERIAL
© 2011
© 2011
Richmond
Richmond
Publishing
Publishing
/ Santillana
/ Santillana
Educación,
Educación,
S.L. S.L. Top Science 3 PHOTOCOPIABLE
Top Science 3 PHOTOCOPIABLE
MATERIAL
MATERIAL
© 2011
© 2011
Richmond
Richmond
Publishing
Publishing
/ Santillana
/ Santillana
Educación,
Educación,
S.L. S.L. 9191
Individual results chart
The results chart indicates areas in which the student has achieved
acceptable competence and highlights areas which require additional
practice.
Individual results chart INDIvIDuAL RESuLTS CHART
Name Date
Yes NP* Comments Yes NP* Comments
Your body Machines, materials and energy

Identify common machines and their
Identify body parts.
uses.
Name and locate bones, muscles Identify common materials and their
and joints. properties.
Name and locate some organs. Your neighbourhood

Know basic facts about the place
Distinguish between healthy where you live.
and unhealthy habits.
Identify family members.
Identify the sense organs.
Living things Recognise some road safety rules.
Differentiate between living Time and directions

and non-living things.
Recognise the characteristics use time concepts appropriately.
of the main groups of living things.
Classify animals according to their Order sequences chronologically.
body, how they move, how they
reproduce and their food. use spatial notions correctly.
Identify the parts of a plant.
Know the points of a compass.
Planet Earth
Recognise the properties of air. NP: Needs practice.
Identify and describe day and night.
Recognise the properties

and uses of water.
Identify types of landscapes.
Identify landscape features.
Distinguish between natural

and man-made features of landscapes.
102 Top Science 3 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © 2011 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S.L. Top Science 3 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © 2011 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S.L. 103
III
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Assessment worksheets
There is a double-page unit assessment worksheet and one multiple-
choice test for each unit. In addition, there are three double-page
term assessments and three term tests. There is one double-page
final assessment and a four-page final test.
Unit assessment worksheets

Activities include labelling illustrations and diagrams, filling in the blanks,
matching, True/False, wordsearches, and many more activities.
77 Planet Earth
Planet Earth ASSESSmEnt
ASSESSmEnt
77
6 6Why is itisday
Why in some
it day places
in some on on
places Earth andand
Earth night in other
night places?
in other places?
Name
Name Date
Date
1 1Write
Write
T (true)
T (true)
or For(false).
F (false).
WeWe
livelive
on on planet
planet Earth.
Earth.
TheThe surface
surface of the
of the Earth
Earth is covered
is covered with
with land
land andand water.
water.
TheThe Earth
Earth is surrounded
is surrounded by by a layer
a layer of air
of air called
called thethe atmosphere.
atmosphere. 7 7Tick thethe
Tick correct sentence.
correct sentence.
Most
Most of the
of the Earth
Earth is covered
is covered with
with land.
land. At sunrise, thethe
At sunrise, SunSun
is in
is the west
in the andand
west at sunset, it isit in
at sunset, is the east.
in the east.
At sunrise, thethe
At sunrise, SunSun
is in
is the east
in the andand
east at sunset, it isit in
at sunset, is the west.
in the west.
2 2Match.
Match.
8 8Match.
Match.
SunSun A planet
A planet in the
in the Solar
Solar System.
System.
map
map A flat drawing
A flat which
drawing represents
which parts
represents of the
parts surface
of the of the
surface Earth.
of the Earth.
Earth
Earth TheThe Earth’s
Earth’s natural
natural satellite.
satellite.
Earth globe
Earth globe A sphere which
A sphere represents
which thethe
represents Earth on on
Earth a small scale.
a small scale.
Moon
Moon TheThe closest
closest starstar to the
to the Earth.
Earth.
9 9Label
Label
thethe diagram
diagram of the
of the Earth.
Earth.
3 3Write rotation
Write or orbit.
rotation or orbit.
It takes
It takes
2424
hours.
hours.
Southern
Southern
It causes
It causes
thethe
fourfour
seasons.
seasons.
Hemisphere
Hemisphere
It takes
It takes
365365
days.
days.
South Pole
South Pole
It causes
It causes
dayday
andand
night.
night.
Equator
Equator
4 4Write
Write
rotation
rotation
or orbit
or orbit
under
under
thethe
correct
correct
diagram.
diagram. North Pole
North Pole
Northern
Northern
Hemisphere
Hemisphere
5 5Write
Write
thethe
names
names
of the
of the
four
four
Moon
Moon
phases.
phases. 10 10Write thethe
Write names of the
names six six
of the continents.
continents.
120
120 Top Science 3 PHOTOCOPIABLE
Top Science MATERIAL
3 PHOTOCOPIABLE © 2011
MATERIAL Richmond
© 2011 Publishing
Richmond / Santillana
Publishing Educación,
/ Santillana S.L. S.L.
Educación, Top Science 3 PHOTOCOPIABLE
Top Science MATERIAL
3 PHOTOCOPIABLE © 2011
MATERIAL Richmond
© 2011 Publishing
Richmond / Santillana
Publishing Educación,
/ Santillana S.L. S.L.
Educación, 121
121
Unit test worksheets

All the unit tests have a multiple-choice format.
Planet Earth TEST 7
Name Date
Circle the correct option.
1. The Earth is 6. Asia is

a. a satellite. a. a continent.
b. a star. b. an ocean.
c. a planet. c. an island.
2. The thin layer of air which surrounds 7. The Earth orbits

the Earth is called a. itself.
a. the continent. b. the Moon.
b. the ocean. c. the Sun.
c. the atmosphere.
8. Most of the surface of the Earth
3. The rotation of the Earth takes is covered by
a. 28 days. a. land.
b. a year. b. water.
c. a day. c. craters.
4. There are cardinal 9. The rotation of the Earth causes

points. a. day and night.
a. six b. the seasons.
b. four c. the months.
c. five
10. A map is
5. The Moon is a. a sphere that represents
a. the star which orbits the Earth. the Earth.
b. the planet which orbits the Sun. b. a representation of the Sun,
the Earth and the Moon.
c. the natural satellite which orbits
the Earth. c. a flat drawing that represents
the surface of the Earth.
144 Top Science 3 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © 2011 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S.L.
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IV
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Blank illustrations
On pages 181 and 182, there are two illustrations of the human body;
one of the skeleton and one of the muscles. They will help students
develop observation skills, and can be used for revision
or extension or for homework.
Bones Muscles
Top Science 3 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © 2011 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S.L. 181 182 Top Science 3 PHOTOCOPIABLE MATERIAL © 2011 Richmond Publishing / Santillana Educación, S.L.
Other resources
Top Science 3 Activity Book
The Activity Book is designed to provide further practice for both the
content and the language objectives of the course. It contains full-colour
illustrations and diagrams, and a range of graded activities to reinforce
the course content and to encourage learner autonomy. There are three
double pages per unit.
At the end of the Activity Book,

there are two Let’s do it! and two
Read and do! pages per term,
as well as instructions for students
to make a log book and ideas
for a class quiz and a board game.
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Digital resources
i-solutions
Top Science 3 offers 4 CDs designed to bring digital
resources to the classroom. These CDs provide materials
for interactive whiteboard presentations and practice,
hands-on experiments and computer work for students.
CD 1
Digital Flashcards, Posters and Web bank
• The flashcard bank has over 200 images which can be
projected onto a whiteboard or printed and used as
conventional flashcards. Each image offers the option of
listening to the audio and viewing the written word.
• The digital posters can be printed when required.
• The Web bank includes some of the best, free web links
for teaching Science, Geography and History.
These links provide access to valuable resources
to help with lesson planning as well as ways to
personalise classes and cater to students’ need.
CD 2
Teacher’s Resource Book and Maps
This CD contains the digital version of the Teacher’s
Resource Book in PDF format. The worksheets can be
printed for individual use, or projected onto an interactive
whiteboard for group activities. In addition, this CD
provides blank and completed physical and political maps
of the world, Europe and Spain.
CD 3
i-book
The i-book provides the core course material of the
Teacher’s Book and the Student’s Book in interactive
format. It can be used in the classroom or for class
planning.
CD 4
Interactive Whiteboard (IWB) Activities
There are three interactive activities per unit on this CD.
These can be used to help reinforce the main concepts
of each unit in a different and fun way.
VI
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Contents
Worksheets
REINFORCEMENT WORKSHEETS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
EXTENSION WORKSHEETS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
ASSESSMENT WORKSHEETS
Diagnostic tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Individual results chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Unit assessments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
Unit tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
Term assessments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
Term tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
Final assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
Final test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
Answer keys
REINFORCEMENT WORKSHEETS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
EXTENSION WORKSHEETS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
ASSESSMENT WORKSHEETS
Diagnostic tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Unit assessments and tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Term assessments and tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Final assessment and test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
Blank illustrations . . . . . . . . . 181-182
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Reinforcement worksheets
1 Your body . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 21 Water in nature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
2 Bones, muscles and joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 22 The water cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
3 You grow and change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 23 Air . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
4 Sight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 24 Weather and climate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
5 Hearing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 25 Weather and the seasons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
6 Smell, taste and touch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 26 Mountain landscapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
7 Nutrition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 27 Flat land . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
8 Sensitivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 28 Coastal landscapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
9 Reproduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 29 Rivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
10 Mammals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 30 Villages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
11 Reptiles and birds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 31 Cities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
12 Fish and amphibians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 32 Crop farming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
13 Invertebrate animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 33 Stockbreeding and fishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
14 Insects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 34 Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
15 Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 35 Trade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
16 Simple and compound machines . . . . . . . . . 24 36 Transport and communications . . . . . . . . . . 44
17 The Earth, the Sun and the Moon . . . . . . . . . 25 37 Local government . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
18 The Earth and the Moon move . . . . . . . . . . . 26 38 Municipal services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
19 Maps and globes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 39 The passing of time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
20 The different states of water . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 40 The past and present of cities and villages . . . . 48
ANSWER KEYS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
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1 Your body Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
The main parts of the human body are the head, trunk and limbs.
Organs make your body function. Organs are inside your body.
1 Label the body parts.
head trunk

limbs
2 Look at the diagram and write examples.
brain lung
arm heart
leg stomach
An organ inside your head

An organ inside your trunk
A lower limb
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2 Bones, muscles and joints Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
Bones are hard, strong, rigid organs. They form the skeleton.
Bones join together at joints.
Muscles are attached to the bones and help them to move. Muscles are flexible.
1 Use the key and colour the diagram.
yellow bones
red muscles
2 Complete the sentences.
form the skeleton.

muscles
Bones join together at .
joints
bones help the bones to move. They are flexible
organs which are attached to the bones.
3 Write the names of the joints.
B A.
B.
A C.
D.
D E.
E
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3 You grow and change Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
There are four main stages throughout your life: childhood, adolescence,
adulthood and old age.
1 Match.
adolescence old age childhood adulthood
◾ Now, write the stages of life in order.
1st 2nd
3rd 4th
2 Read and circle the correct description.

Milk teeth fall out, and permanent teeth grow.
childhood
A boy’s voice gets deeper.
The first stage of life.
adolescence
Your body prepares to become an adult.
Many changes take place.
adulthood
We can have children.
Our bones become fragile. Our muscles are weaker.
old age
We grow very rapidly.
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4 Sight Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
The sense of sight is used to distinguish shapes, colours, size and distance.
The eyes are the sense organs of sight.
The retina captures light from an object. This information is sent to the brain
through the optic nerve. The brain interprets the information.
1 Label the parts of the eye.
First, light passes through the c . It is transparent.

Then, light passes through the p , the hole in the centre of the iris.
The i is the coloured ring that controls the level of light.
The l helps the eye to focus.
Finally, the r captures light from an object.
Information is sent to the brain through the o n .
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5 Hearing Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
Hearing is the sense you use to capture sounds.
Ears are the sense organs of hearing.
The ears capture sound vibrations and send them to the brain.
1 Colour the words related to hearing.
optic nerve retina inner ear pinna

sound light vibration middle ear

2 Label the parts of the ear.
ear drum pinna small bones cochlea

3 Match.
The ear drum vibrates when sound reaches it.
The cochlea sends the information to the brain.
The small bones receives the sound vibrations.
The auditory nerve make the sound louder.
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6 Smell, taste and touch Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
The sense of smell allows you to capture odours. The sense organ of smell is
inside your nose.
The sense of taste allows you to capture flavours of food. Your tongue is the main
sense organ of taste.
The sense of touch allows you to identify characteristics of the objects around you.
Your skin in the sense organ of touch.
1 Complete the chart.
Smell Taste Touch

The sense organ is…
It allows you to capture or identify…
2 Match the three columns.
taste buds skin captures flavours of food
nasal lining tongue distinguishes hot or cold
sense organ of touch nose captures odours
3 Circle the senses that you use to identify these objects.

A
sight sound smell taste touch
B
C
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7 Nutrition Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
Nutrition is a life process. Nutrition provides energy and nutrients so you can grow
and be healthy.
All animals eat other living things. Animals can be herbivores, carnivores or omnivores.
Plants produce their own food through photosynthesis.
1 Colour the correct word. Then write the sentence.
Nutrition provides your body with electricity energy and nutrients.

2 Look at the diagram about nutrition in plants. Then, answer.
light What do plants need to produce their own food?

carbon dioxide
How do plants take in water and mineral salts?

mineral How do plants take in carbon dioxide?

water
salts

3 Match.
Carnivores eat other animals and plants.
Herbivores eat other animals.
Omnivores eat plants.
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8 Sensitivity Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
Sensitivity means the ability to respond to changes in the environment.
People and animals use sense organs, muscles and the nervous system
to respond to the environment.
1 Write yes or no.
Animals Plants
Do they have sense organs?
Can they move?
Do they have sensitivity?

People and animals respond to their environment.
They use
sense organs The

which are
eyes The most important

part is
the brain
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9 Reproduction Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
Reproduction is the ability of all living things to produce new living things of their
own kind.
Reproduction can be sexual or asexual.
Most plants have reproduction. This takes place

in the , which have a male and a part.
Other plants have reproduction, without flowers
or . These plants can grow from .
2 Are these oviparous or viviparous animals?

3 Are these examples of sensitivity or reproduction?
A B C

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10 Mammals Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
Mammals are vertebrates. Most mammals use their legs to move around. They
breathe through lungs. Their skin is usually covered with fur or hair. Mammals are
viviparous. Baby mammals drink their mother’s milk.
1 Circle eight words in the wordsearch. Then, complete the text.
V E R T E B R A T E
hair I S W R Y T Z W L K viviparous
V Y L E G S C K X J
legs I R S D H Z H Q J N lungs
P N M F M V L G R W
A P H A I R P M Z I
fins milk
R W Y L L C N F M N
O V D K K Q F I D G
vertebrate U R X V Q L U N G S wings
S K T J H B G S F X
Mammals
Mammals are animals because they have a skeleton made

up of bones.
They breathe through . Their skin is usually covered with fur
or . They are because they are born from
their mother’s womb. Baby mammals drink their mother’s .
Most mammals live on land and use their to move around.
Marine mammals, like dolphins or whales, live in the ocean. They swim using
their . Flying mammals use their to fly.
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11 Reptiles and birds Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
Reptiles breathe through lungs and have skin covered with scales. Most of them
live on land and walk using their legs. They are oviparous.
Birds breathe through lungs and have skin covered with feathers. They have two
wings to fly and two legs. They hatch from eggs.
They breathe They have skin They move around The offspring
through covered with using their hatches from
Reptiles scales
Birds lungs
2 Answer the questions.

Are birds vertebrates? Explain.

Do birds have scales? Where?

Are reptiles oviparous? Explain.

How do birds take care of their offspring?

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12 Fish and amphibians Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
Fish are aquatic animals. They breathe in oxygen from water using their gills. Their
bodies are covered with shiny scales. They swim using their fins. Fish are
oviparous. They lay many small eggs in water.
Amphibians breathe in oxygen through lungs and through their skin. They have
bare skin. They have four legs. Amphibians are oviparous. When they are born,
they live in water. The adults live on land.
1 Where do fish and amphibians live?
fish

amphibians
2 Complete the animal index cards.
Group:
Breathing:
Body covering:
Movement:
Reproduction:
Group:
Breathing:
Body covering:
Movement:
Reproduction:
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13 Invertebrate animals Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
Invertebrate animals do not have a spinal column.
There are many different groups of invertebrates, for example: jellyfish, worms,
molluscs, arthropods and insects.
1 What do all invertebrates have in common?
2 Circle the correct word. Then write the sentences.

Jellyfish have tentacles / legs. Their bodies look like jelly / rocks.

Worms have soft / hard bodies. They are round / long and thin.

All molluscs have hard / soft bodies. They usually have shells / scales.

Spiders have eight / six legs.

3 How many invertebrate animals can you think of? Write their names.

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14 Insects Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
Insects are the largest group of animals. They are invertebrates.
Insects are oviparous. They have two antennae, six legs and four wings.
Insects’ bodies have three parts: the head, the thorax and the abdomen.
1 Label the parts of the insect.
head thorax abdomen wing leg antenna
2 Answer.
What are the three main parts of an insect’s body?
How many legs have insects got?
How many wings have insects got?
How are insects born?
189703 _ 0008-0048.indd 22 11/03/11 12:24

15 Machines Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
Machines are devices that allow you to work better, faster and easier.
They help you save time and energy.
Machines need energy in order to function.
1 How do these machines function? Use the key and circle.
red energy from electricity blue energy from people
2 Choose two machines from Activity 1. Explain what they are used for.
We use for

We use for

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16 Simple and compound machines Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
Machines can be simple or compound.
Simple machines have one or few parts. They work with one movement.
Compound machines are made up of two or more simple machines working
together.
compound few many
simple have parts.
Types
of machines
have parts.
2 Use the key and circle the machines.
red simple machines blue compound machines
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17 The Earth, the Sun and the Moon Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
Earth is a planet. There is water and land on the surface of the Earth.
The Sun is a star. It is the closest star to the Earth.
The Moon is the Earth’s natural satellite. The Moon orbits the Earth.
1 Write the names.
2 Look at the illustrations. Write planet, star or satellite.

A B C

3 Use the key and colour.
light blue the atmosphere
dark blue the oceans
brown the continents
189703 _ 0008-0048.indd 25 11/03/11 12:24

18 The Earth and the Moon move Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
The Earth rotates on its axis. This rotation causes day and night.
The Earth orbits the Sun. An Earth revolution causes the four seasons.
There are four Moon phases: full moon, waning moon, waxing moon
and new moon.
1 Write rotation or revolution.

2 Match.
full moon waning moon waxing moon new moon

A B C D
3 Match.
The rotation of the Earth causes the seasons.
One complete rotation of the Earth takes 365 days.
Earth revolution causes day and night.
One Earth revolution takes 24 hours.
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19 Maps and globes Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
Earth globes are spheres. They are the most accurate way to represent
the planet Earth.
Maps are flat drawings that represent parts of the surface of the Earth.
World maps represent the entire planet.
1 Match the names to the Earth globe.
North Pole
South Pole
Equator
Northern Hemisphere
Southern Hemisphere
2 Write the names of the oceans and continents.
Continents Oceans
A A
A A
A A
A I
E P
O
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20 The different states of water Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
Water can exist in three different states: solid, liquid and gaseous.
A change of state occurs when water cools or heats up. The changes of state
of water happen with melting, freezing, evaporation and condensation.
solid liquid gaseous

Water vapour is water in a state.

Snow is water in a state.
River water is water is a state.
2 Match.
A
evaporation
freezing B
melting C
heat water freeze water melt ice

To make water vapour, you

To make ice, you
To make liquid water from ice, you
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21 Water in nature Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
Water is found in:
seas, oceans, rivers, streams and lakes.
aquifers and underground rivers.
mountain regions, the North Pole and South Pole, as snow and ice.
clouds, as water droplets.
1 Find all the places with water. Colour them blue.
◾ Now label the illustration with these words.
snow aquifer sea river lake
2 Look at Activity 1. Where can you find water in a liquid state?

Where can you find water in a solid state?
water in a liquid state
water in a solid state
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22 The water cycle Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
Water is continually moving around the Earth, changing from one state to another.
This causes the water cycle.
1 Look at the water cycle. Number the sentences in order.
3 2
4
5
Rain falls into the rivers and flows to the sea.

1 Water from the sea heats up and evaporates.
Water from the clouds falls as rain, snow or hail.
Water vapour rises in the air. It condenses and forms clouds.
The wind moves the clouds over the land.
Some rain goes into the ground as groundwater.
Now, copy the sentences in order.
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23 Air Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
Air is the mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth and makes up the
atmosphere. The main gases in air are nitrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Air is invisible. Air has no shape. Air has weight. Air moves and occupies space.
1 Circle the things that need air to live or function.
2 Match.
Air has no shape. Air occupies space. Air has weight.

3 Write T (true) or F (false).
Air is a liquid.
We can hear better without air.
The lower part of the atmosphere contains the air we breathe.
Nitrogen is the most abundant gas in air.
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24 Weather and climate Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
Weather is the state of the atmosphere at a particular time and place.
Weather refers to temperature, precipitation and wind.
Climate is the typical weather conditions in one area over a long period of time.
Different parts of the Earth have different climates.
1 Match.
Water that falls to the Earth as a liquid. breeze
Water that falls to the Earth as small pieces of ice. hail
A very light wind. hurricane
An extremely strong wind with rain. rain
2 Circle the correct words.
Mountain climates have low / high temperatures.

It snows / doesn’t snow a lot in winter.
B
Coastal climates have mild / very hot
temperatures all year round.
Continental climates have low / high temperatures

in winter and low / high temperatures in summer.
It rains / doesn't rain a lot.
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25 Weather and the seasons Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
Weather changes with each season.
Winter is the coldest season. It can snow.
Spring is the mildest season. It often rains.
Summer is the hottest season. It doesn’t rain very much.
Autumn has mild temperatures at the beginning.
Temperatures get colder towards the end. It often rains.
1 Write the seasons.
Precipitation Temperatures
Winter
Spring
Summer
Autumn
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26 Mountain landscapes Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
Mountain landscapes consist of mountains and valleys.
Mountains are high areas of land with steep sides.
Valleys are areas of flat land between mountains.
1 Label the illustration with these words.
mountain foot summit slope valley

summit valleys mountains
Mountain landscapes consist of and valleys.

are areas of flat land between mountains.
The is the highest part of a mountain.
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27 Flat land Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
Plains, moors and flood plains are different types of flat lands.
1 Tick the true sentences. Then, answer the question.
There are motorways. There are mountains. There is a river.

There is a train. There are farms. There is a city.
Is this a mountain landscape or flat land? Explain.

2 What can you see in each landscape? Circle A or B.

A B
Mountain landscape A B Valley A B

Flat land A B Crops A B
Summit A B Flood plain A B
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28 Coastal landscapes Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
Coastal landscapes are areas of land near the sea.
The land can be high or low. Coastal landscapes can have cliffs or beaches.
cape
bay
island
beach

cliff
2 Match.
A narrow piece of land surrounded

by water on three sides.
A small gulf.
island bay
A large piece of land that sticks

out into the sea.
An area of land completely

cape surrounded by water. peninsula
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29 Rivers Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
A river is a large, flowing body of water. A river begins at its source
in the mountains. A river ends at its mouth at the sea.
A river bed is the ground over which a river flows.
The flow is the volume of water in a river.
The course is the journey from the source to the mouth. There are three parts:
the upper course, the middle course and the lower course.
upper course middle course lower course

river bed flow course

The is the ground over which a river flows.

The is the journey from the source to the mouth.
The is the volume of water in a river.
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30 Villages Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
Villages have a small population.
The houses in villages are low, and the streets are short and narrow.
There are villages in the mountains, on the plains and on the coast.
1 Write mountain, plain or coast.

2 Read and tick the correct place.
Mountain Villages Coastal

villages on the plains villages
The houses have sloped roofs
so the snow falls off.
Many villagers work in hotels and
restaurants. Some are fishermen.
Many villagers take care of forests.
The streets are steep and narrow.
The streets are straight.
Many villagers work on farms.
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31 Cities Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
Cities have a large population.
Many buildings are tall. The streets are long and wide.
Cities have three main parts: the historic centre, the modern district and the suburbs.
1 Read and tick the correct place.

City Village
The population is small.
The streets are wide and long.
The population is large.
The streets are short and generally lead to the main square.
2 Tick the correct answer.

The historic centre:
The streets are narrow. There are historic monuments.
The streets are wide. There are tall buildings.
The modern district:
The streets are narrow and the buildings are not very tall.
This area often surrounds the city centre.
The suburbs:
These are residential areas away from the centre.
This is usually the oldest part of the city.
3 Is this the historic centre or the modern district? Explain.

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32 Crop farming Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
Crop farmers grow plants for food.
Dry farming is a method of growing crops in dry areas. Dry crops do not need
a lot of water to grow.
Irrigation means watering plants with water from rivers or lakes. Some crops
which need irrigation are vegetables, fruit, rice and corn.
1 Write dry farming or irrigation.
irrigation vegetables, fruit and corn olive trees, wheat and oats

Crop farming
can be
dry farming
for example for example

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33 Stockbreeding and fishing Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
Stockbreeders breed livestock for their meat, milk, eggs and skins. Livestock
includes cattle, sheep, pigs and poultry.
There are two types of stockbreeding: intensive farming and free-range farming.
Fishermen catch fish in rivers and in the sea. There are two types of sea fishing:
coastal fishing and deep-sea fishing.

Catching fish and shellfish in rivers fishing stockbreeding
and the sea.
Places where farmers breed fish barns fish farms
and shellfish.
Farmers breed animals for their stockbreeding crop farming
meat, milk, eggs and skin.
Stockbreeding where animals live intensive farming free-range farming
in pens and barns.
Fishing in the sea with big boats. coastal fishing deep-sea fishing
2 Look at the illustrations. Answer the questions.
What are the two types of sea fishing?

Describe them.

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34 Services Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
The people who work in services do not make objects or products. They help
people by providing a service.
Services can be public or private.
1 Which people work in services? Circle them.
Ann is a bus driver. She works for the city government.

She works in farming / services.
Police services are private / public services.
Transport services / Communications services move
passengers and merchandise from one place to another.
3 Complete the chart with these words.
nurse musician headmaster actor teacher reporter doctor radio announcer
Type of service
educational health communications cultural
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35 Trade Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
Trade is the buying and selling of products.
Producers make products. Consumers buy the products. Traders are
the intermediaries between producers and consumers.
There are two types of traders: wholesalers and retailers.
1 Answer.
What is trade?

Name the three divisions of trade:

What types of traders are there?

What forms of payment are there?

2 Complete the chart with these words.
A wholesaler A producer A consumer A retailer

Trade

buys the product buys the product

makes the product
from the producer from the wholesaler buys the product
and sells it to the
and sells it to the and sells it to the from the retailer.
wholesaler.
retailer. consumer.
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36 Transport and communications Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
Means of transport move people and merchandise from one place to another.
They can be public or private.
Means of communication allow us to send information from one place to another.
They are two types: personal and the media.
1 Read, then write the means of transport.
Private transport: they travel on roads and motorways.

Public transport: they travel on railway tracks.
Public transport: they travel along flight paths. They take off from airports.
Public transport: they travel along sea routes. They leave from seaports.
2 Match and write two sentences.
to send information for example,

We use individual newspapers,
to many people
communication, television,
at the same time.
radio and the Internet,
for example,
to send
telephones, We use
information
letters, faxes the media,
to a few people.
and e-mail,
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37 Local government Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
The mayor and the local councillors make up the local council.
Local councils meet in town halls. They organise the municipal services which
everyone needs.
Every four years citizens elect local councillors.
1 Circle the correct words. Then, copy the sentences.

Local councils / citizens organise the municipal services which everyone needs.
Citizens / Mayors elect the local councillors.
The mayor / local councillor is the head of the local council.
2 Explain how a mayor is elected.
Every four years, citizens elect local councillors.

The candidates
mayor

local councillors
After the elections, the new local councillors

citizens
189703 _ 0008-0048.indd 45 11/03/11 12:24

38 Municipal services Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
Local councils organise the municipal services which everyone needs.
Municipal services include food hygiene inspection services, police and fire
services, sanitation services, town planning and highway services and cultural
and recreational services.
1 Answer.
What are municipal services?

What types of municipal services are there?

2 Circle three problems

this town has.
◾ Tick the correct answer.

The municipal service responsible for public libraries and museums:
highway services. cultural services.
The municipal service responsible for collecting rubbish:
sanitation services. cultural services.
The municipal service responsible for painting zebra crossings:
highway services. fire services.
189703 _ 0008-0048.indd 46 11/03/11 12:24

39 The passing of time Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
Time is divided into past, present and future.
We measure short periods of time in days, weeks, months and years. We measure
long periods of time in decades, centuries and millenniums.
Historical records give us information about the past. They can be written, pictorial
or physical.
1 Write three things about your past.

One week ago

One month ago

One year ago

2 Match and write.

pictorial written physical

A B C

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40 The past and present
of cities and villages Reinforcement
Name Date
Remember
Cities and villages change with time.
You can find out about the past by visiting historic remains and monuments
or looking at historical records, such as old photographs.
1 Use the key and circle the illustrations.
red thousands of years ago blue hundreds of years ago green nowadays
Where people lived.
How people travelled.
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Extension worksheets
1 Our skeleton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
2 Our sight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
3 Get moving! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
4 How animals protect themselves from the cold . 56
5 Head-foot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
6 The wheel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
7 Flat or round? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
8 How does drinking water get to our homes? . . 64
9 Weather maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
10 Iceland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
11 Villages and cities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
12 Potatoes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
13 World Heritage Cities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
14 Town halls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
15 Art museums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
ANSWER KEYS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
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1 Our skeleton EXTENSION
Name Date
All vertebrate animals have a skeleton.

The human skeleton is made up of 206 bones.
Bones have many important functions:
They give the body shape.
They support the body’s muscles.
They support the weight of the body.
They protect the vital organs. For example, the skull protects the brain. The ribs protect
the heart and lungs. The spinal column protects the spinal cord.
1 Label the skeleton with these words.
femur maxilla
humerus clavicle
sternum
tibia
nasal bone
spinal
column
radius
skull
pelvis
ulna
knee
ribs cap
fibula
189703 _ 0049-0079.indd 50 11/03/11 12:26

1
2 Classify the bones.
skull sternum pelvis
knee cap clavicle tibia
nasal bone radius maxilla
Head Trunk Limbs
3 Complete the text.
Our skeleton is made up of 206 . Bones have many

important functions.
The skeleton supports our and gives it shape.
The protect the heart and lungs.
The protects the brain.
The protects the spinal cord.
Bones have different shapes and sizes.
The longest bone is the .
The smallest bones are the ,
the and the .
They are located in the ear.
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2 Our sight EXTENSION
Name Date
We can see because our brain interprets the information it receives from our eyes.
First, the eyes capture an image from the outside world.
Then, the eyes convert this information into nerve impulses. Nerve impulses
are small electric currents than run through our nerves.
After that, the nerves carry this information to the brain.
Finally, the brain receives and interprets this information. This is how we see.
Sometimes the brain interprets the information it receives from the eyes in a different
way. This produces an optical illusion: we see something differently from reality.
An optical illusion is not real.
1 Number the illustrations in order.
Explain in your own words how the sense of sight works.

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2
2 Look at the illustrations and choose the correct answer.
A A B
Which line appears longer? A B

Which black circle appears bigger? A B
3 Look closely at these optical illusions. Then, describe each one.

4 Look at the drawing. Very slowly, move the paper closer to your face
until it touches your nose.
Where is the candle? On the left or right side of the line?

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3 Get moving! EXTENSION
Name Date
Some animals stay in one place all their lives. They do not move. For example, sponges
and barnacles live attached to rocks. However, most animals can move around,
and they do it in different ways.
Birds, bats and insects fly. Lizards and crocodiles crawl.
Fish, whales and sea turtles swim. Humans, ostriches and mice walk.
Snakes slither.
Animals move at different speeds. Walking at a normal pace, human beings usually
walk five or six kilometres per hour. Some animals can travel in one hour a distance
that takes other animals a whole year! Here are some examples:
ANIMALS
SPEED
on land in the air in water
Sloths move Small flies move Perches swim
The slowest at 12 metres at 35 metres per at 2.10 kilometres
per hour. hour. per hour.
Cheetahs can run Falcons can fly Sailfish can swim
The fastest at 100 kilometres at 300 kilometres at 110 kilometres
per hour. per hour. per hour.
1 Match.
A B
It flies. It swims. It walks.
C D
189703 _ 0049-0079.indd 54 22/03/11 14:15

3
2 Draw these animals.
An owl A kangaroo A snake

Write how each one moves.

All living things carry out life processes. Which life process is related to movement? Explain.

What living things cannot move? How do they carry out the life process of sensitivity?

4 Identify two living things that you can find in your school playground or garden.
Explain how they carry out the life function of sensitivity.

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4 How animals
protect themselves from the cold EXTENSION
Name Date
During the winter, the days get shorter

and the temperatures drop. So, animals need
to protect themselves from the cold.
Some animals, such as rabbits, dogs, cats and polar
bears, grow thicker fur to keep them warm.
Some animals hibernate. This means they sleep during
the coldest months of the year. For example, squirrels,
bears, turtles, bats and frogs hibernate and sleep
all winter.
Some animals migrate. This means they travel long
distances to find warmer climates. For example, storks,
antelopes, whales, swallows and ducks migrate.
1 Write a definition for these words.
Hibernate

Migrate

2 Use the key and circle the illustrations.
blue migrate red hibernate
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4
3 Write three characteristics for each animal.

What characteristic do these animals have in common?

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5 Head-foot EXTENSION
Name Date
Cephalopods are animals such as squids, octopuses and cuttlefish.

These sea creatures are unusual because their feet, which are
actually long tentacles, surround their mouth and are attached
to their heads. Cephalopod means head-foot.
Did you know that the octopus is one of the most intelligent
of all the invertebrates in the marine world? Octopuses also have
excellent eyesight, although they cannot hear.
An octopus’s soft body looks like a large bag. It lives on the ocean
floor, and its eight tentacles help it to move about and catch food.
An octopus moves by jet propulsion: it sucks water in then squirts
it out of its head so fast that it moves through the water!
Octopuses protect themselves in two ways. They squirt dark ink
which blinds their enemies and gives them time to escape. They
also change the colour of their skin so that they blend in with their
surroundings. This helps them hide from their enemies.

What does cephalopod mean?

Are cephalopods vertebrates or invertebrates? Explain.

Are all marine animals invertebrates? Explain.

Name three other animals that can swim.

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5
Octopuses are one of the most intelligent

invertebrates in the marine world.
Octopuses are blind.
Octopuses move using their fins.
Octopuses can change the colour of their
skin for protection.
3 Classify these invertebrate animals.
bee clam jellyfish caterpillar moth

worm squid dragonfly scorpion

Invertebrate animals
air water land
4 Complete the chart with information about four invertebrate animals.
Animal How it moves Where it lives
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6 The wheel EXTENSION
Name Date
The wheel is one of the most important inventions

of all time. It changed our means of transport forever.
The wheel is a simple machine that was invented
over 5,000 years ago. It consists of a disk that turns
on an axle. The first wheels were simple disks
made of solid wood. Wheels with spokes were invented
over 1,000 years later.
Later, wheels were made of metal. This allowed heavy
objects to be moved from one place to another.
After that, metal wheels were covered with rubber
and cork. These wheels are still used today because
they are so light and resilient.
1 Circle the illustration of the most ancient wheel.

A B C D
Why do you think this is the oldest wheel?

2 Think about life before the invention of the wheel. How do you think people
moved heavy objects?

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6
3 Circle five means of transport that use wheels.
R B I C Y C L E
W U P A R F T A
S Y U R O D G W
C L E Q K I I L
G O L V G B U S
S R B X V I J Q
T R A I N H M L
F Y R J N K T P
Name a means of transport that does not use wheels. Explain how it moves.

4 What means of transport do these wheels belong to? Write.
A B C

D E

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7 Flat or round? EXTENSION
Name Date
Today, everybody knows the Earth is round.

However, hundreds of years ago, people believed
the Earth was flat.
When we look at the horizon, from where
we are the Earth seems flat. When we look
up at the Sun, the stars and the planets,
they seem to orbit the Earth. People believed
this was true for a long, long time.
In the 16th century, two navigators from
Portugal and Spain wanted to prove
that the world was not flat. So, they
sailed around the world.
This is how Hernando Magallanes and Juan
Sebastián Elcano proved that the Earth is round.
1 Tick the true sentence.
The Earth is flat.

The Sun, the stars and the planets orbit the Earth.
Navigators from the 16th century proved that the Earth is round.
It is impossible to know the shape of the Earth.
2 Imagine you are in outer space. What does the Earth look like?
Describe its shape. Describe the colour of the continents and oceans.

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7
3 Imagine that the Earth is flat. Could we travel around the world by boat?
What would happen?

4 Read the definition and write the correct word. Then, circle the same words
in the wordsearch.
The natural satellite of the Earth.
The movement of the Earth on its axis.
The movement of the Earth around the Sun.
Life on Earth is possible thanks to this star.
The third planet from the Sun in the Solar System.
The layer of air that surrounds the Earth.
The largest planet in the Solar System.
Q A H A E M O O N Z
H T K X S F W P H T
P M M S U N V M T R
J O N P W F V N Y O
U S B G M A E A M T
P P X Y K Y A P R A
I H S U I B R U N T
T E W R A N T G A I
E R E C S H H A L O
R E V O L U T I O N
5 Write the names of the eight planets in our Solar System.

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8 How does drinking
water get to our homes? EXTENSION
Name Date
River water collects in reservoirs. This water is not

clean and it is not safe to drink.
First, this water goes to treatment plants through
pipes. Here it is cleaned of impurities.
Once it is safe to drink, this water is distributed
to homes through pipes.
Used water from our homes is collected through a network of sewers.
Then it flows to treatment plants to be cleaned of impurities again.
Finally, the treated water goes back into rivers. Sometimes, it is recycled
and used for watering parks and gardens.

Where is river water collected?
Where is water cleaned?
How is water distributed to our homes?
What happens to water after we use it in our homes?

2 What is drinking water?

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8
3 Use the key and circle the water pipes. Answer the question.
red pipes carrying clean water blue pipes carrying used water
Which rooms have taps?
4 All living things need water, but water is scarce. What can we do to save water?
Write three ideas.

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9 Weather maps EXTENSION
Name Date
Weather maps use different symbols to represent weather conditions. These maps
show us what the weather will be like in different places.
The key below explains the meaning of each symbol.
For example, the symbol means it will be sunny.
The symbol means it will be both sunny and cloudy.
1 Look at the maps and answer the questions.
6th August 6th January
sunny sunny windy rainy cloudy foggy snowy

and cloudy
What day did it rain most?
What day did it snow?
What day was it sunnier?
What day was it hotter? How do you know?

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9
2 Look at the maps. Read what each person says and draw the correct weather symbols.
sunny foggy rainy
snowy windy stormy
Today, it will be snowy

N in the North. It will be
W E sunny in the West. It will be
S foggy in the South. It will
be rainy in the East.
Tomorrow, it will be stormy

N
in the North. It will be windy in
W E the East. It will be foggy in the
S West. It will be sunny
in the South.
3 What was the weather like yesterday where you live?

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10 Iceland EXTENSION
Name Date
In the North of Europe, there is a large island called Iceland.

The Vikings lived in this country hundreds of years ago.
Iceland gets its name because it has a lot of glaciers.
Iceland
Iceland is a volcanic island. There are over 30 active
volcanoes on it. It also has many glaciers, hot water
springs and geysers. Geysers look like fountains
of hot water. They are really underground springs of hot
water that shoot jets of water and steam high into the air.
The landscape of Iceland is amazing. Astronauts say that
it looks like the Moon’s landscape because it has so many
craters, lava deserts and plains covered with volcanic ash.
Iceland also has magnificent rivers, waterfalls and fields
covered with green moss. You cannot find those on the Moon!
Spain
Fishing is the most important industry in Iceland. Farming
is difficult because the land is not very fertile and the climate
is also very cold.

How did Iceland get its name?
Look at the map. Where is Iceland?
What are geysers?
Describe the landscape of Iceland.

Explain why agriculture is not an important industry in Iceland.
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10
2 Compare the landscape of Iceland and the Moon.

Similarities

Differences

3 Look at the wordsearch. Circle three Balearic Islands and three Canary Islands.
L A N Z A R O T E Balearic Islands Canary Islands
A F Q W P X S E M
G V I B I Z A N V Menorca
Lanzarote
O C T Q B S L E N La Palma
Tenerife
M E N O R C A R S Ibiza
Mallorca
E G H K O P S I R Cabrera La Gomera Fuerteventura

El Hierro Gran Canaria
R A R E V I S F U Formentera
A F O X O R O E L
M A L L O R C A X
4 Cross out the word that does not belong. Explain why.
cape gulf moor peninsula
The odd one out is because

slope foot summit bay
The odd one out is because

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11 Villages and cities EXTENSION
Name Date
Many towns and villages in Spain are

thousands of years old. However, they
have grown in different ways.
Some developed rapidly and became rich.
Thousands of people from different places
moved there to find jobs. As a result,
these villages grew into cities with tall
buildings, wide streets and industries
and services.
Other villages have not grown. In fact,
some villages are almost empty now.
The villagers have moved away to cities
in search of better opportunities.

Why does the population of a place grow?

Imagine you want to move from a village to a big city. Give three reasons why.

2 Colour the services you can find in your town or village.
car park hospital school cinema

university park library museum

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11
3 Look at the map. Write the letter and number for the location of the places.
library stadium
town hall cathedral

D
university railway station
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
university town hall
railway station library
4 Look at the map. Use the key and colour the routes.
red from the library to the town hall
blue from the station to the stadium
green from the university to town hall
5 Draw two more services on the map. Write the names and coordinates.

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12 Potatoes EXTENSION
Name Date
Potatoes are one of the most popular foods in the world.

You can eat them fried, boiled or baked, and they’re always
delicious. But this popular vegetable was unknown in Europe
600 years ago.
Potatoes originally come from South America. Spanish explorers
brought the first potato plants back with them to Spain.
If you want to grow potatoes, you need to follow these steps
carefully.
Prepare the soil. Clear out stones and weeds in late winter.
Fertilise. Add compost or fertiliser to the soil in early spring.
This helps the plants to grow bigger.
Plough. Dig and turn the soil in early spring.
Plant. Plant the seeds in the soil in spring.
Harvest. Your potatoes will be ready to eat in the summer. Dig them
up with a fork.
1 Tick the correct answer.
Potatoes are originally from:

Spain.
Europe.
America.
Plant potato seeds in:

spring.
winter.
autumn.
Harvest potatoes in:

winter.
spring.
summer.
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12
2 Look at the illustration.

Where do potatoes grow?
Are potatoes roots, leaves or stem tubers?

3 Look at the pictures. Write the words. Put the pictures in order.
prepare the soil fertilise plant harvest

FERTILISER

4 Six hundred years ago, nobody ate potatoes in Europe. Explain.

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13 World Heritage Cities EXTENSION
Name Date
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO)

is an agency of the United Nations. Its purpose is to help promote peace
and security in the world through the promotion of education, science, and culture.
UNESCO chooses which cities receive the title of World Heritage Cities.
These cities are places of special significance that need to be preserved for future
generations. In Spain, 13 cities have received this title.
World Heritage Cities in Spain
LITY
INCIPA RIA
THE PR TURIAS TAB
QUE Y
GALICIA
OF AS A N E BAS RY NIT
C TH UNT MU RE
Santiago C O O M R
de E C VA
TH F NA
Compostela O
RIOJA
CASTILE-LEON
CATALONIA
ARAGON
Segovia Tarragona
Salamanca
Alcala de Henares
Avila THE COMMUNITY
OF MADRID
Caceres Cuenca
Toledo THE COMMUNITY THE BALEARIC
OF VALENCIA ISLANDS
Merida
CASTILE-LA MANCHA Ibiza
EXTREMADURA
THE
Cordoba REGION
OF MURCIA
ANDALUSIA
Ceuta
THE CANARY ISLANDS
Melilla Key
San Cristobal
de la Laguna • World Heritage Cities in Spain.
1 Look at the map and the key. Write the names of the World Heritage Cities in Spain.

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13
2 Choose a World Heritage City in Spain. Imagine you would like to visit it.
Complete the information.
Name of city
Autonomous Community
How would you like to travel there? Tick.

car ship
train aeroplane
Where will you look for information about this city? Tick two options.
Internet television
travel guides encyclopaedias
Where will you stay? Tick one.

hotel camp site apartment
What would you like to visit? Tick two options.

museums monuments
amusement parks zoo
3 Why did you choose this city?

4 Is tourism a service? Explain.

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14 Town halls EXTENSION
Name Date
All Spanish towns and villages have a town hall.

The town hall is responsible for organising
services, such as schools, hospitals, the police,
firefighting and rubbish collection.
The mayor is the head of the local council.
The mayor represents the people
or Councillor
ncill Cou
and coordinates the work of the local council. Cou Mayor ncill
or
Local elections are held every four years. Citizens

vote from a list of candidates to elect their local councillors. They vote in a polling station.
There are two requirements to vote in local elections.
1. Voters must be registered.
2. Voters must be 18 years old or over.

What do town halls organise?

How often are local elections held?
What are the two requirements to vote?

2 Why do you think is it important for voters to be registered?

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14
3 Look at these illustrations about local elections.
election campaign
voting
counting votes
Match.
ballot box Person running for election.

ballot Piece of paper with the names of all the candidates.

polling place Transparent box where citizens put their ballots.

candidate Place where citizens go to vote.

4 Read and answer the questions.

Why are ballot boxes transparent?

Citizens vote in private. Why is this important?

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15 Art museums EXTENSION
Name Date
Art museums display paintings and sculptures.

Most famous art museums are located
in big cities. The Prado Museum is in Madrid.
The Louvre Museum is in Paris. The Tate Gallery
is in London. The Museum of Modern Art is
in New York.
Art museums look after their paintings carefully
because they are of great historical and cultural
interest. Many paintings are hundreds of years old.
Many people work in art museums:
The director runs the art museum and is in charge of all the employees.
Art restorers repair damaged paintings so that they are in perfect condition.
Security guards protect the paintings which are displayed in the museum.

What is an art museum?
Why do art museums look after their paintings?
What does an art restorer do?
What does a security guard do in an art museum?
Think of an art museum you have visited. What is its name?

What type of paintings did you see?

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15
2 Look at the illustration. Read the text.
The Guggenheim Museum
The Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao is one of the most unique museums

in the world. In fact, the building is as beautiful as the art inside!
It was designed by the architect Frank O. Gehry and opened in October, 1997.
The museum has a very imaginative shape: the walls are not straight, they twist and
curve. The building is made of three main materials: titanium, limestone and glass.
The Guggenheim exhibits paintings, sculptures, photographs and clothes,
as well as other unusual types of art. One year, they even had an exhibition
of motorcycles.
Now, find information about a museum near where you live, and fill
in the information card.
Name of museum:
Place:
Opening date:
Architect:
Exhibits:
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Answer key Reinforcement
1 YOUR BODY 6 SMELL, TASTE AND TOUCH

1. Label the body parts. head, trunk, limbs. 1. Complete the chart.
2. Look at the diagram and write examples. Smell Taste Touch
• An organ inside your head: brain The sense inside your the
• An organ inside your trunk: lung, heart or stomach the skin.
organ is… nose. tongue.
• A lower limb: leg
It allows you
2 BONES, MUSCLES AND JOINTS to capture or smells. flavours. sensations.
identify…
1. Use the key and colour the diagram.
bones: yellow, muscles: red 2. Match the three columns.
2. Complete the sentences. taste buds tongue captures flavours of
• Bones form the skeleton. food
• Bones join together at joints. nasal lining nose captures odours
• Muscles help the bones to move. They are flexible sense organ of touch skin distinguishes hot or cold
organs which are attached to the bones. 3. Circle the senses that you use to identify these objects.
3. Write the names of the joints. Tomato: sight, smell, taste, touch.
A. wrist D. knee Ball: sight, touch.
B. shoulder E. ankle Radiator: sight, touch.
C. elbow
7 NUTRITION
3 YOU GROW AND CHANGE 1. Colour the correct word. Then write the sentence.
Nutrition provides your body with energy and nutrients.
1. Match.
adolescence: figure 2, old age: figure 4 2. Look at the diagram about nutrition in plants.
childhood: figure 1, adulthood: figure 3 Then, answer.
• Now, write the stages of life in order. • What do plants need to produce their own food?
1st childhood, 2nd adolescence, 3rd adulthood, Plants need light, carbon dioxide, water and mineral
4th old age. salts.
• How do plants take in water and mineral salts?
2. Read and circle the correct description.
Through their roots.
childhood: Milk teeth fall out, and permanent teeth grow.
• How do plants take in carbon dioxide?
adolescence: Your body prepares to become an adult.
Through their leaves.
adulthood: We can have children.
old age: Our bones become fragile. Our muscles are 3. Match.
weaker. Carnivores eat other animals.
Herbivores eat plants.
4 SIGHT Omnivores eat other animals and plants.
1. Label the parts of the eye. 8 SENSITIVITY
Clockwise beginning at top: eyelashes, eyelid, pupil,
iris, cornea. 1. Write yes or no.
2. Complete the sentences. Animals Plants
• First, light passes through the cornea. It is transparent. Do they have sense organs? yes no
• Then, light passes through the pupil, the hole in the Can they move? yes no
centre of the iris.
Do they have sensitivity? yes yes
• The iris is the coloured ring that controls the level
of light. 2. Complete the chart.
• The lens helps the eye to focus. People and animals respond to their environment.
• Finally, the retina captures light from an object. They use sense organs which are eyes, ears, nose,
• Information is sent to the brain through the optic nerve. tongue, skin.
They use muscles.
5 HEARING They use the nervous system. The most important part
1. Colour the words related to hearing. is the brain.
Colour inner ear, pinna, sound, vibration, middle ear.
9 REPRODUCTION
2. Label the parts of the ear.
Left top to bottom: pinna, small bones. 1. Complete the sentences.
Right top to bottom: cochlea, ear drum. Most plants have sexual reproduction. This takes place
3. Match. in the flowers, which have a male and a female part.
The ear drum vibrates when sound reaches it. Other plants have asexual reproduction, without flowers
The cochlea receives the sound vibrations. or seeds. These plants can grow from cuttings.
The small bones make the sound louder. 2. Are these oviparous or viviparous animals?
The auditory nerve sends the information to the brain. viviparous oviparous
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3. Are these examples of sensitivity or reproduction? 2. Complete the information cards.

A. reproduction B. sensitivity C. sensitivity
• Group: fish • Group: amphibians
10 MAMMALS • Breathing: through • Breathing: through
their gills lungs and their skin
1. Circle eight words in the wordsearch. Then, complete • Body covering: scales • Body covering: bare
the text. • Movement: they swim skin
• Reproduction: • Movement: they hop
V E R T E B R A T E oviparous • Reproduction: oviparous
I S W R Y T Z W L K
V Y L E G S C K X J 13 INVERTEBRATE ANIMALS
1. What do all invertebrates have in common? They haven’t
I R S D H Z H Q J N
got a backbone.
P N M F M V L G R W 2. Circle the correct word. Then write the sentences.
A P H A I R P M Z I • Jellyfish have tentacles. Their bodies look like jelly.
• Worms have soft bodies. They are long and thin.
R W Y L L C N F M N • All molluscs have soft bodies. They usually have
O V D K K Q F I D G shells.
• Spiders have eight legs.
U R X V Q L U N G S 3. How many invertebrate animals can you think of? Write
S K T J H B G S F X their names.
Model answer. (M.A.) flies, ants, worms, clams,
Mammals mussels, oysters, jellyfish, snails and spiders.
Mammals are vertebrate animals because they have a 14 INSECTS
skeleton made up of bones. They breathe through
lungs. Their skin is usually covered with fur or hair. 1. Label the parts of the insect.
They are viviparous because they are born from their Left top to bottom: antenna, leg, abdomen.
mother’s womb. Baby mammals drink their mother’s Right top to bottom: head, thorax, wing.
milk. Most mammals live on land and use their legs to 2. Answer.
move around. Marine mammals, like dolphins or • What are the three main parts of an insect’s body?
whales, live in the ocean. They swim using their fins. The head, the thorax and the abdomen.
Flying mammals use their wings to fly. • How many legs do insects have? Six.
• How many wings do insects have? Four.
11 REPTILES AND BIRDS • How are insects born? They are born from eggs.
1. Complete the chart.
15 MACHINES
They 1. How do machines function? Use the key and circle.
They have The
They move Red: stereo, the fan, the computer
skin offspring
breathe around Blue: the stapler, the pencil sharpener, the scissors
covered hatches
through… using
with… from… 2. Choose two machines from Activity 1. Explain what they
their…
are used for.
Reptiles lungs scales legs an egg • M.A. We use computers for making our work easier,
for processing information and for communicating.
wings
Birds lungs feathers an egg • M.A. We use scissors for cutting paper and other
and legs
things.
2. Answer the questions. 16 SIMPLE AND COMPOUND MACHINES
• Birds are vertebrates because they have a skeleton
made up of bones. 1. Complete the chart.
• Birds’ legs are covered with scales. simple have few parts.
Types of machines
• Reptiles are oviparous because the offspring grows in compound have many parts.
an egg outside the mother. 2. Use the key and circle the machines.
• Birds incubate their eggs, and they feed and take Red: shovel, hammer, cork screw
care of their babies. Blue: drill, mobile phone, clock, bicycle
12 FISH AND AMPHIBIANS 17 THE EARTH, THE SUN AND THE MOON
1. Where do fish and amphibians live? 1. Write the names.
fish: They live in water. Left: the Sun; Right top to bottom: Earth, Moon.
amphibians: When they are born, they live in water. 2. Look at the illustrations. Write planet, star or satellite.
When they are adults, they live on land. star, satellite, planet
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3. Use the key and colour. 2. Look at Activity 1. Where can you find water in a liquid
B state? Where can you find water in a solid state?
LB= light blue; DB= dark blue;
DB B water in a liquid state: river, lake, sea, aquifer.
B= brown
light blue: the atmosphere water in a solid state: snow.
B
dark blue: the oceans DB
22 THE WATER CYCLE
brown: the continents
LB 1. Look at the water cycle. Number the sentences in order.
18 THE EARTH AND THE MOON MOVE Order: 4, 1, 3, 2, 5.
1. Write rotation or revolution. • Now, copy the sentences in order.
revolution, rotation Water from the sea heats up and evaporates. Water
vapour rises in the air. It condenses and forms
2. Match. clouds. The wind moves the clouds over the land.
A. new moon, B. waxing moon, C. waning moon, Water from the clouds falls as rain, snow or hail. Rain
D. full moon falls in the rivers and goes to the sea. Some rain
3. Match. goes into the ground as groundwater.
The rotation of the Earth causes day and night.
One complete rotation of the Earth takes 24 hours. 23 AIR
Earth revolution causes the seasons. 1. Circle the things that need air to live or function.
One Earth revolution takes 365 days. Circle chicken, baby, balloon, plant.
2. Match.
19 MAPS AND GLOBES tire: Air occupies space. Air has no shape.
1. Match. scales: Air has weight. Air has no shape.
North Pole 3. Write T (true) or F (false).
South Pole F Air is a liquid.
Equator F We can hear better without air.
Northern Hemisphere T The lower part of the atmosphere contains the air we
Southern Hemisphere breathe.
2. Write the names of the oceans and continents. T Nitrogen is the most abundant gas in air.
America, Asia, Africa, Antarctica, Europe, Oceania.
24 WEATHER AND CLIMATE
Atlantic, Arctic, Antarctic, Indian, Pacific.
1. Match.
20 THE DIFFERENT STATES OF WATER • Water that falls to the Earth as a liquid. rain
1. Complete the sentences. • Water that falls to the Earth as small
• Water vapour is water in a gaseous state. pieces of ice. hail
• Snow is water in a solid state. • A very light wind. breeze
• River water is water is a liquid state. • An extremely strong wind with rain. hurricane
2. Match. 2. Circle the correct words.
Illustrations top to bottom: freezing, melting, evaporation • Mountain climates have low temperatures. It snows
a lot in winter.
3. Complete the sentences. • Coastal climates have mild temperatures all year
• To make water vapour, you heat water. round.
• To make ice, you freeze water. • Continental climates have low temperatures in winter
• To make liquid water from ice, you melt ice. and high temperatures in summer. It doesn’t rain
a lot.
21 WATER IN NATURE
1. Find all the places with water. Colour them blue. 25 WEATHER AND THE SEASONS
river 1. Write the seasons.
snow Top line: autumn spring.
Bottom line: winter, summer.
sea Precipitation Temperatures

lake Winter It can snow. cold temperatures
Spring It often rains. warm temperatures
aquifer It doesn’t rain
Summer hot temperatures
very much.
• Now label the illustration with these words.
centre: snow; left: sea; right top to bottom: river, mild, then colder
Autumn It often rains.
lake, aquifer. temperatures
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26 MOUNTAIN LANDSCAPES 2. Read and tick the correct place.

1. Label the illustration with these words. Mountain villages: The houses have sloped roofs so the
snow falls off. Many villagers take care of forests.
summit The streets are steep and narrow.
slope mountain
Villages on the plains: The streets are straight. Many
foot villagers work on farms.
Coastal villages: Many villagers work in hotels and
restaurants. Some are fishermen.
31 CITIES
1. Read and tick the correct place.
City: The population is large. The streets are wide and
long.
valley Village: The population is small. The streets are short
2. Complete the sentences. and generally lead to the main square.
• Mountain landscapes consist of mountains 2. Tick the correct answer.
and valleys. • The historic centre: The streets are narrow. There are
• Valleys are areas of flat land between mountains. historic monuments.
• The summit is the highest part of a mountain.
• The modern district: This area often surrounds the
27 FLAT LAND city centre.
• The suburbs: These are residential areas away from
1. Tick the true sentences. Then, answer the question.
the centre.
True sentences: There is a train. There are farms. There
is a river. There is a city. 3. Is this the historic centre or the modern district? Explain.
• Is this a mountain landscape or flat land? Explain. M.A. It is the modern district. There are many tall
M.A. This is flat land. There are no mountains. buildings. Many people can live here. They can work in
2. What can you see in each landscape? Circle A or B. industry or services.
• Mountain landscape A • Valley A
• Flat land B • Crops B 32 CROP FARMING
• Summit A • Flood plain B 1. Write dry farming or irrigation.
irrigation, dry farming
28 COASTAL LANDSCAPES
1. Label the illustration with these words. Crop farming can be – dry farming – for example–
Clockwise beginning at the top: beach, bay, cape, olive trees, wheat and oats.
island, cliff.
Crop farming can be – irrigation – for example–
2. Match. vegetables, fruit and corn.
island An area of land completely surrounded
by water. 33 STOCKBREEDING AND FISHING
cape A large piece of land that sticks out into
the sea. 1. Circle the correct words.
bay A small gulf. • Catching fish and shellfish in rivers and the sea:
peninsula A narrow piece of land surrounded fishing.
by water on three sides. • Places where farmers breed fish and shellfish:
fish farms.
29 RIVERS • Farmers breed animals for their meat, milk, eggs and
1. Label the illustration with these words. skin: stockbreeding.
Left top to bottom: upper course, lower course; • Stockbreeding where animals live in pens and barns:
right: middle course. intensive farming.
2. Complete the sentences. • Fishing in the sea with big boats: deep-sea fishing.
• The river bed is the ground over which a river flows. 2. Look at the illustrations. Answer the questions.
• The course is the journey from the source to the • What are the two types of sea fishing? The two types
mouth. are coastal fishing and deep-sea fishing.
• The flow is the volume of water in a river. • Describe them. Coastal fishing: the fishermen fish
near the coast. They go out in small fishing boats.
30 VILLAGES Deep-sea fishing: the fishermen fish a long way from
1. Write mountain, plain or coast. the coast. They go out in big boats with modern
coast, mountain, plain machines.
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34 SERVICES 37 LOCAL GOVERNMENT

1. Which people work in services? Circle them. 1. Circle the correct words. Then, copy the sentences.
Circle the teacher, the doctor, the firefighter and the • Local councils organise the municipal services which
musician. everyone needs.
2. Circle the correct words. • Citizens elect the local councillors.
• Ann is a bus driver. She works for the city • The mayor is the head of the local council.
government. She works in services. 2. Explain how a mayor is elected.
• Police services are public services. M.A. Every four years, citizens elect local councillors.
• Transport services move passengers and The candidates present an election manifesto to
merchandise from one place to another. explain what they will do if they are elected.
3. Complete the chart with these words. After the elections, the new local councillors elect one
educational services: headmaster, teacher. of their members to be the mayor.
health services: nurse, doctor.
communications services: reporter, radio announcer. 38 MUNICIPAL SERVICES
cultural services: musician, actor. 1. Answer.
• What are public services? Public services are
35 TRADE the services which the local council organises.
1. Answer. • What types of public services are there? There are
• What is trade? Trade is the buying and selling of many types, for example, schools, hospitals, street
products. lighting, the police, firefighting and rubbish collection.
• Name the three divisions of trade: producers, traders 2. Circle three problems this town has.
and consumers. M.A. Circle broken pavement, rubbish collection
• What types of traders are there? There are two types: and traffic.
wholesalers and retailers. ◾ Tick the correct answer.
• What forms of payment are there? Cash and credit • The municipal service responsible for public
card. libraries and museums: cultural services.
2. Complete the chart with these words • The municipal service responsible for collecting
rubbish: sanitation services.
Trade
• The municipal service responsible for painting
producer wholesaler retailer consumer zebra crossings: highway services.
makes the buys the buys the buys the
39 THE PASSING OF TIME
product product product product
and sells it from the from the from the 1. Write three things about your past. M.A.
to the producer wholesaler retailer. One week ago.
wholesaler. and sells it and sells it • I visited my cousins in London.
to the to the • I went to a basketball game.
retailer. consumer.
One month ago
• I learned how to make cookies.
36 TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATIONS • I made cookies for my family.
1. Read, then write the means of transport. One year ago
• Private transport: they travel on roads and • I went on holiday to the country.
motorways. cars
• My cousin Ann was born.
• Public transport: they travel on railway tracks. trains
• Public transport: they travel along flight paths. They 2. Match and write.
take off from airports. aeroplanes A. written, B. physical, C. pictorial
• Public transport: they travel along sea routes. They
leave from seaports. ships 40 THE PAST AND PRESENT OF CITIES AND VILLAGES
2. Match and write two sentences. 1. Use the key and circle the illustrations.
• We use individual communication, for example, • Where people lived.
telephones, letters, faxes and e-mail, to send Left to right: nowadays (green), hundreds of years
information to a few people. ago (blue), thousands of years ago (red).
• We use the media, for example, newspapers, • How people travelled.
television, radio and the Internet, to send information Left to right: hundreds of years ago (blue), thousands
to many people at the same time. of years ago (red), nowadays (green).
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Answer key EXTENSION
1 OUR SKELETON 3. Answer the questions.

1. Label the skeleton with these words. • All living things carry out life processes. Which life
Left top to bottom: maxilla, clavicle, humerus, process is related to movement? Why?
ribs, spinal column, pelvis, fibula, tibia. M.A. Sensitivity is related to movement. Living things
respond to their environment by moving away from
Right top to bottom: skull, nasal bone, sternum,
danger or towards food.
ulna, radius, femur, knee cap.
• What living things cannot move? How do they carry
2. Classify the bones. out the life process of sensitivity?
Head: skull, nasal bone, maxilla. M.A. Plants cannot move. They carry out sensitivity
Trunk: sternum, clavicle, pelvis. by growing towards light, and their roots grow towards
Limbs: knee cap, radius, tibia. water.
3. Complete the text. 4. Identify two living things that you can find in your school
Our skeleton is made up of 206 bones. Bones have playground or garden. Explain how they carry out the life
many important functions. function of sensitivity.
• M.A. The plants in our garden grow towards the Sun.
The skeleton supports our body and gives it shape. The
ribs protect the heart and lungs. The skull protects the • M.A. The flies in our garden are almost impossible to
brain. The spinal column protects the spinal cord. catch. They fly away too quickly.
Bones have different shapes and sizes. The longest 4 HOW ANIMALS PROTECT THEMSELVES FROM THE COLD
bone is the femur. The smallest bones are the hammer,
the stirrup and the anvil. They are located in the ear. 1. Write a definition for these words.
• M.A. Hibernate means to sleep during the winter.
2 OUR SIGHT • M.A. Migrate means to travel a long distance
1. Number the illustrations in order. to a warmer climate.
3, 1, 2. 2. Use the key and circle the illustrations.
• Explain in your own words how the sense of sight blue (migration): the stork, the whale.
works. red (hibernation): the frog, the bear.
Model Answer (M.A.) The boy’s eyes capture an image 3. Write three characteristics for each animal.
of a painting. The boy’s eyes convert this information M.A. Bats are vertebrates. They are mammals.
into nerve impulses. This information is sent to his They are viviparous.
brain through the optic nerve. His brain interprets this M.A. Frogs are vertebrates. They are amphibians.
information and knows that it is a painting of flowers. They are oviparous.
2. Look at the illustrations and choose the correct answer. M.A. Tortoises are vertebrates. They are reptiles.
• Which line appears longer? B. They are oviparous.
• Which black circle appears bigger? B. • What characteristic do these animals have in common?
They all hibernate.
3. Look closely at these optical illusions. Then, describe
each one. 5 HEAD-FOOT
M.A. I can see a vase or I can see the profiles of two
1. Answer the questions.
people who are looking at each other.
• What does cephalopod mean? It means head-foot.
M.A. I can see an elegant young woman who is looking
• Are cephalopods vertebrates or invertebrates?
away. She has short hair. She is wearing a hat with a
Explain. They are invertebrates because they haven’t
feather. Or, I can see an old woman with a big nose who
got a backbone.
is looking down. Her eyes are closed. She is wearing a
scarf. • Are all marine animals invertebrates? Explain. No.
Some marine animals are fish. Fish are vertebrates.
4. Look at the vertical line. Very slowly, move the paper • Name three other animals that can swim.
closer to your face until it touches your nose. M.A. Whales, sharks and crocodiles.
• Where is the candle? It’s on the left side of the line.
2. Write T (true) or F (false).
3 GET MOVING! T Octopuses are one the most intelligent invertebrates
in the marine world.
1. Match. F Octopuses are blind.
A: It swims. B: It swims. F Octopuses move using their fins.
C: It flies. D: It walks. T Octopuses can change the colour of their skin
2. Draw these animals. for protection.
Open Answers (O.A.) 3. Classify these invertebrate animals.
• Write how each one moves. air: bee, moth, dragonfly.
M.A. An owl: It flies. A kangaroo: It hops. water: clam, jellyfish, squid.
A snake: It slithers. land: caterpillar, worm, scorpion.
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4. Complete the chart with information about four North America and South America too. The land looks
invertebrate animals. mostly green but there are brown areas where it is very
M.A. dry. Some parts are covered by clouds which look white
from outer space. The Earth is beautiful.
Animal How it moves Where it lives
3. Imagine that the Earth is flat. Could we travel around the
bee it flies in a beehive world by boat? What would happen?
jellyfish it floats in the sea M.A. If the Earth was flat, we would not be able to travel
around the world by boat. We would fall off the edge!
scorpion it walks in the desert
4. Read the definition and write the correct word. Then,
caterpillar it crawls on plants, leaves circle the same words in the wordsearch.
• The natural satellite of the Earth: the Moon.
6 THE WHEEL • The movement of the Earth on its axis: rotation.
1. Circle the illustration of the most ancient wheel. • The movement of the Earth around the Sun:
Circle C. revolution.
• Why do you think this is the oldest wheel? • Life on Earth is possible thanks to this star: the Sun
M.A. I think it is the oldest wheel because it is a • The third planet from the Sun in the Solar System:
simple disk, made of wood. It hasn’t got spokes. the Earth.
2. Think about life before the invention of the wheel. How • The layer of air that surrounds the Earth:
do you think people moved heavy objects? the atmosphere.
M.A. Before the invention of the wheel, I think people • The largest planet in the Solar System: Jupiter.
used animals, for example, oxen, to pull heavy objects,
and they pulled objects on sledges. Q A H A E M O O N Z
3. Circle five means of transport that use wheels.
H T K X S F W P H T
R B I C Y C L E
P M M S U N V M T R
W U P A R F T A
J O N P W F V N Y O
S Y U R O D G W
U S B G M A E A M T
C L E Q K I I L
P P X Y K Y A P R A
G O L V G B U S
I H S U I B R U N T
S R B X V I J Q
T E W R A N T G A I
T R A I N H M L
E R E C S H H A L O
F Y R J N K T P
R E V O L U T I O N
• Name a means of transport that does not use wheels.
Explain how it moves. 5. Write the names of the eight planets in our Solar System.
M.A. A sailing boat does not use wheels. It moves Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus,
through the water using the energy from wind. Neptune.
4. What means of transport do these wheels belong to?
8 HOW DOES DRINKING WATER GET TO OUR HOMES?
Write.
A: aeroplane, B: motorbike, C: car, D: bicycle, E: train. 1. Answer the questions.
• Where is water cleaned? It is cleaned in treatment
7 FLAT OR ROUND? plants.
1. Tick the true sentence. • Where is river water collected? It is collected in
✓ Navigators from the 16th century proved that reservoirs.
the Earth is round. • How is water distributed to homes? It is distributed
2. Imagine you are in outer space. What does the Earth through pipes.
look like? • What happens to water after we use it in our homes?
Describe its shape and the colour of the continents and M.A. First it is collected through a network of sewers.
oceans. Then it is cleaned in a treatment plant. Next, it goes
M.A. The Earth is a sphere. Most of the Earth is blue back into river or it is recycled.
because there is so much water. I can see the Atlantic 2. What is drinking water? It is clean water that is safe to
Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. They are blue. I can see drink.
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• Describe the landscape of Iceland. M.A. There are

craters, lava deserts and plains covered with volcanic
3. Use the key and circle the water pipes.
ash. There are also rivers, waterfalls and fields
red= light-coloured pipes , blue= dark-coloured pipes
covered with green moss.
• Explain why agriculture is not an important industry in
Iceland. Because the land is not very fertile, and it is
very cold.
2. Compare the landscape of Iceland and the Moon.
Similarities: There are many craters, lava deserts
and plains covered with volcanic ash.
Differences: There are rivers, waterfalls and fields
covered with green moss.
3. Look at the wordsearch. Circle three Balearic Islands
and three Canary Islands.
L A N Z A R O T E
A F Q W P X S E M
G V I B I Z A N V
O C T Q B S L E N
• Which rooms have taps? There are taps in the
bathroom and the kitchen. M E N O R C A R S
4. All living things need water, but water is scarce. E G H K O P S I R

What can we do to save water? Write three ideas.
M.A. R A R E V I S F U
• We can use recycled water for watering parks. A F O X O R O E L
• We can have showers instead of baths.
• We can turn the tap off when we clean our teeth. M A L L O R C A X
9 WEATHER MAPS 4. Cross out the word that does not belong. Explain why.
1. Look at the maps and answer the questions. • The odd one out is moor because it is not a feature
of a coastal landscape.
• What day did it rain more? 6th January.
• The odd one out is bay because it is not part of a
• What day did it snow? 6th January. mountain.
• What day was it sunnier? 6th August.
• What day was it hotter? 6th August. How do you 11 VILLAGES AND CITIES
know? M.A. Because it was sunny in most places. 1. Answer the questions.
It didn’t snow.
• Why does the population of a place grow?
2. Look at the maps. Read what each person says and M.A. There are many reasons why the population
draw the correct weather symbol. of a place grows. The most important reason is that
Top map: N: snowy, S: foggy, E: rainy, W: sunny. lots of people move there to work.
Bottom map: N: stormy, S: sunny, E: windy, W: foggy. • Imagine you want to move from a village to a big city.
Give three reasons why. M.A. I want to move to a big
3. What was the weather like yesterday where you live?
city because it has a university, lots of cinemas, and
M.A. It was sunny in the morning, and it was rainy lots of opportunities for work.
in the afternoon.
2. Colour the services you can find in your town or village.
10 ICELAND O.A.
1. Answer the questions. 3. Look at the map. Write the letter and number for the
location of the places.
• How did Iceland get its name? Iceland got its name
because it has a lot of glaciers. • university: B-7.
• Where is Iceland? Iceland is in the North of Europe. • railway station: A-9.
• What are geysers? They are underground springs of • town hall: A-5.
hot water that shoot water and steam high into the air. • library: C-2.
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4. Look at the map. Use the key and colour the routes. 14 TOWN HALLS
red= , blue= , green= 1. Answer the questions.
• What do town halls organise? Town halls organise
A services such as schools, hospitals, the police,
firefighting and rubbish collection.
B
• How often are local elections held? They are held
every four years.
• What are the two requirements to vote? Voters must
C be registered and be at least 18 years old.
library stadium
2. Why do you think is it important for voters to be
D
town hall cathedral
registered?
university railway station
M.A. It is important for voters to be registered to avoid
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 people voting more than once.
5. Draw two more services on the map. Write the names 3. Look at these illustrations about local elections.
and coordinates. • Match.
O.A. ballot box: Transparent box where citizens put their
ballots.
12 POTATOES ballot: Piece of paper with the names of all the
candidates.
1. Tick the correct answer. polling place: Place where citizens go to vote.
✓ Potatoes are originally from America. candidate: Person running for election.
✓ Plant potato seeds in spring. 4. Read and answer the questions.
• Why are ballot boxes transparent? M.A. So that
✓ Harvest potatoes in summer.
people can see that the box is empty and that there
2. Look at the illustration. are no false votes before the election begins.
• Where do potatoes grow? • Citizens vote in private. Why is this important?
They grow in the ground. M.A. So that they can vote freely without feeling
pressured.
• Are potatoes stems, leaves or roots?
They are stem tubers. 15 ART MUSEUMS
3. Look at the pictures. Write the word. Put the pictures in
order.
Top row: 2 fertilise, 1 prepare the soil.
Bottom row: 4 harvest, 3 plant.
4. Six hundred years ago, nobody ate potatoes in Europe.
M.A. Six hundred years ago, nobody ate potatoes in
Europe because there were no potatoes in Europe.
Spanish explorers brought the first potato plants
from South America to Spain.
13 WORLD HERITAGE CITIES

1. Look at the map. Write the names of the World Heritage
Cities in Spain. 1. Answer the questions.
Alcala de Henares, Avila, Caceres, Cordoba, Cuenca, • What is an art museum? A place where paintings
Ibiza, Merida, Salamanca, San Cristobal de la Laguna, and sculptures are displayed.
Santiago de Compostela, Segovia, Tarragona, Toledo. • Why do art museums look after their paintings?
2. Choose a World Heritage City in Spain. Imagine you Because they are of historical and cultural interest.
would like to visit it. Complete the information card. • What does an art restorer do? An art restorer repairs
damaged paintings.
O.A.
• What does a security guard do in an art museum?
3. Why did you choose this city? They protect the paintings which are displayed in the
O.A. museum.
4. Is tourism a service? Explain. • Think of an art museum you have visited. What is its
name? What sort of paintings did you see? O.A.
M.A. Yes, tourism is a service. People who work in
tourism do not make objects. They provide services, 2. Look at the illustration. Read the text.
for example, in hotels, restaurants, travel agencies • Now, find information about a museum near where
or bars. Tourists relax and enjoy these places. you live, and fill in the information card. O.A
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Diagnostic tests
Your body . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Living things . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Planet Earth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Machines, materials and energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
Your neighbourhood . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Time and directions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Individual results chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
ANSWER KEYS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
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1 Our skeleton DIAGNOSTIC TEST
Name Date
1 Match.
head
limbs
trunk
elbow joints knee

Bones join together at .

You bend your arm at the .
You bend your leg at the .
3 Match.
skull
biceps
rib
pectoral muscles
tibia
abdominal muscles
spinal
column
calf muscles
femur
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1
4 Which sense are they using? Write.

A B

C D E

5 Label the diagram.
lung heart stomach
6 Tick the healthy habits.
Sleep less than eight hours every night. Drink very little water.
Eat a varied diet. Brush your teeth once a week.
Have a bath or shower every day. Exercise often.
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2 Living things DIAGNOSTIC TEST
Name Date
1 Circle the living things.
2 What do plants need? Colour.
air medicine water food

soil sunlight electricity

3 Why are animals living things? Tick.
Because they can move.

Because they are born, they grow and reproduce.
Because they have very different shapes and colours.
4 Match.
They are born from their mother’s womb. birds
They have bare skin. insects
They have scales and fins. amphibians
They are invertebrate and have six legs. fish
They have scales and live on land. reptiles
They lay eggs and have feathers. mammals
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2
5 Look at the illustrations and write herbivore or carnivore.
A B C D

6 Match.
oviparous Animals which lay eggs.

viviparous Animals which are born from their mother’s womb.

What type of plant is it? Colour the correct word.
grass bush tree

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3 Planet Earth DIAGNOSTIC TEST
Name Date

Air is a mixture of different gases.
Oxygen is one of the gases in air.
Air is a liquid.
You cannot see air and it does not take up space.
2 Colour.
yellow Sun
blue Earth
grey Moon
3 Look at the illustrations. Is it day or night?

A B
In illustration A it is because

In illustration B it is because

4 Label the illustrations.
liquid A B C
WATER
gas
solid

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3
5 Match.
You can drink it. It is in rivers.

fresh water
You cannot drink it. It is in the sea.

6 What type of landscape is it? Write coastal or mountain.

7 Label the illustration.
mountain river village forest
8 Classify.
bridge snow road cliff
natural

features
man-made

features
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4 Machines, materials and energy DIAGNOSTIC TEST
Name Date
1 What are machines for? Tick.

To have better ideas.
To study better.
To make work easier.
2 How does each machine help us? Match.

A B C
It helps us do housework. It helps us travel. It helps us communicate.

3 Match and write each machine in its correct place.

A B C
D E F

They work with
electricity.

They work with
petrol.

They work with
human force.
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4
4 What are these objects made of? Match.
A B C
cork leather wool plastic metal

D E
5 Where do these materials come from? Classify.
wood cotton wool leather
From plants
From animals
6 Circle four materials you can recycle.
F P L A S T I C M
Q A E O I O Z P K
G P G L A S S P J
X E A L H I W E V
W R L Q S D J B L
C A R D B O A R D
T R E G N U E Y N
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5 Your neighbourhood DIAGNOSTIC TEST
Name Date
1 Where can you find these things? Write the room.
A B

C D

2 Complete the index card.
Name of your village or city:

Name of your street:

Where do you live?

In a house. In a flat.
Where is your street?

In the centre. In the suburbs.
What is your street like?

long wide
short narrow
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5
3 Complete.
grandparents sisters uncles cousins
The parents of my parents are my

The brothers of my parents are my
The sons and daughters of my uncles are my
The daughters of my parents are my
traffic light zebra crossing pavement cycle lane road bus stop

BUS
5 Complete.
Pedestrians walk on the
Cars and buses drive on the
Pedestrians cross the road at the
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6 Time and directions DIAGNOSTIC TEST
Name Date
1 Write old or modern.

A B C

D E F

2 Who is older? Put the illustrations in order. Write 1, 2, 3 and 4.
3 Complete the diary. Write three things you do before dinner and three things
you do after dinner.
before after

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6
4 Look at the illustration and answer.
O L
H O
S C
What is in front of the school?

What is to the right of the hospital?
What is behind the kiosk?
What is in the centre of the square?
5 Circle the correct word.
Hastings is to the north / south of Ashford.

Westfield is to the east / west of Ashford.
Wilton is to the east / west of Westfield.
Ashford is to north / south of Hastings.
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Name Date
Yes NP* Comments
Your body
Identify body parts.
Name and locate bones, muscles

and joints.
Name and locate some organs.
Distinguish between healthy

and unhealthy habits.
Identify the sense organs.
Living things
Differentiate between living
and non-living things.
Recognise the characteristics
of the main groups of living things.
Classify animals according to their
body, how they move, how they
reproduce and their food.
Identify the parts of a plant.
Planet Earth
Recognise the properties of air.
Identify and describe day and night.
Recognise the properties

and uses of water.
Identify types of landscapes.
Identify landscape features.
Distinguish between natural

and man-made features of landscapes.
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Yes NP* Comments
Machines, materials and energy

Identify common machines and their
uses.
Identify common materials and their
properties.
Your neighbourhood
Know basic facts about the place
where you live.
Identify family members.
Recognise some road safety rules.
Time and directions
Use time concepts appropriately.
Order sequences chronologically.
Use spatial notions correctly.
Know the points of a compass.
NP: Needs practice.
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Answer key Diagnostic tests
1 Our skeleton
1. Match.
head
limbs
trunk
2. Complete the sentences.

• Bones join together at joints.
• You bend your arm at the elbow.
• You bend your leg at the knee .
3. Match.
skull biceps
rib pectoral muscles
tibia abdominal muscles
backbone calf muscles
femur
4. Which sense are they using? Write.

A: taste, B: smell C: touch, D: hearing, E: sight.
5. Label the diagram.
Left top to bottom: heart, stomach
Right: lung
6. Tick the healthy habits.
Healthy habits: Eat a varied diet. Have a bath or shower every day. Exercise often.
2 Living things
1. Circle the living things.
Circle plant and dog.
2. What do plants need? Colour.
Colour air, water, soil, sunlight.
3. Why are animals living things? Tick.
Because they are born, they grow and reproduce.
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Answer key DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
4. Match.
They are born from their mother’s womb. mammals
They have bare skin. amphibians
They have scales and fins. fish
They are invertebrate and have six legs. insects
They have scales and live on land. reptiles
They lay eggs and have feathers. birds
5. Look at the illustrations and write herbivore or carnivore.
A. herbivore, B. carnivore, C. carnivore, D. herbivore
6. Match.
oviparous: Animals which lay eggs.
viviparous: Animals which are born from their mother’s womb.
Left: trunk
Right top to bottom: leaves, roots
• What type of plant is it? Colour the correct word. tree
3 Planet Earth
T Air is a mixture of different gases.
T Oxygen is one of the gases in air.
F Air is a liquid.
F You cannot see air and it does not take up space.
2. Colour.
Sun: yellow, Earth: blue, Moon: grey
3. Look at the illustrations. Is it day or night?
• In illustration A it is day because you can see the Sun.
• In illustration B it is night because you can see the Moon and the stars.
4. Label the illustrations.
A. solid, B. liquid, C. gas
5. Match.
fresh water: You can drink it. It is in rivers.
6. What type of landscape is it? Write coastal or mountain.
mountain, coastal
7. Label the illustration.
Left top to bottom: mountain, forest
Right top to bottom: village, river
8. Classify.
natural elements: snow, cliff
man-made elements: bridge, road
4 Machines, materials and energy

1. What are machines for? Tick.
To study better.
To make work easier.
2. How does each machine help us? Match.
A. It helps us travel.
B. It helps us communicate.
C. It helps us do housework.
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Answer key DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
3. Match and write each machine in its correct place. • I wash my hands.
They work with electricity: E. microwave, F. hairdryer After: M.A.
They work with petrol: B. aeroplane, D. car • I help with the washing up.
They work with human force: A. trolley, C. screwdriver • I brush my teeth.
• I go to bed.
4. What are these objects made of? Match.
4. Look at the illustration and answer.
A. plastic, B. cork, C. metal, D. leather, E. wool
• What is in front of the school? A park.
5. Where do these materials come from? • What is to the right of the hospital? A supermarket.
From plants: wood, cotton • What is behind the kiosk? A bench.
From animals: wool, leather • What is in the centre of the square? A fountain.
6. Circle four materials you can recycle. 5. Circle the correct word.
• Hastings is to the south of Ashford.
F P L A S T I C M • Westfield is to the west of Ashford.
Q A E O I O Z P K • Wilton is to the east of Westfield.
• Ashford is to north of Hastings.
G P G L A S S P J
X E A L H I W E V
W R L Q S D J B L
C A R D B O A R D
T R E G N U E Y N
5 Your neighbourhood
1. Where can you find these things? Write the room.
A. kitchen, B. living room, C. bedroom, D. bathroom
2. Complete the index card.
Open Answer (O.A.)
3. Complete.
• The parents of my parents are my grandparents.
• The brothers of my parents are my uncles.
• The sons and daughters of my uncles are my cousins.
• The daughters of my parents are my sisters.
Top row: cycle lane, traffic light, bus stop
Bottom row: zebra crossing, pavement, road
5. Complete.
• Pedestrians walk on the pavement.
• Cars and buses drive on the road.
• Pedestrians cross the road at the zebra crossing.
6 Time and directions

1. Write old or modern.
A. old, B. old, C. modern, D. modern, E. modern, F. old
2. Who is older? Put the illustrations in order. Write 1, 2, 3
and 4.
Left to right: 2, 1, 3, 4
3. Complete the diary. Write three things you do before
dinner and three things you do after dinner.
Before: Model Answer (M.A.)
• I do my homework.
• I watch television.
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Assessment
Unit Unit
assessments tests
1 Your body . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 138
2 Our senses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 139
3 Living things . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 140
4 Vertebrate animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 141
5 Invertebrate animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 142
6 Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 143
7 Planet Earth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 144
8 Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 145
9 Air and weather . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 146
10 Landscapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 147
11 Villages and cities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 148
12 Jobs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 149
13 Work and services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 150
14 Local government . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 151
15 Finding out about the past . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 152
Term assessments
Term 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
Term 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
Term 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
Term tests
Term 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
Term 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
Term 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
Final assessment and test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
Answer keys
Unit assessments and tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Term assessments and tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Final assessment and test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
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1 Your body ASSESSment
Name Date
1 Classify the words.
forehead leg abdomen arm back face
Head
Trunk
Limbs
brain kidney
lung bone
stomach muscle
3 Write a personal trait which differentiates one person from another.

4 What are ligaments?

5 What is melanin?

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1
6 Complete.
are hard, strong, rigid organs. They form the .

It supports the weight of the body.
The are elastic organs which are attached to the bones and help
them to move.
7 What is a joint? Explain and give two examples.

8 Look at the diagrams and answer.
What muscle contracts when you bend your

arm?
What muscle contracts when you extend your

A B
arm?
9 List the four main stages of life.

10 Write each stage of life.
Your body prepares to become an adult.
This is the first stage of life.
Bones become fragile and muscles grow weaker.
Your body is fully developed.
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2 Our senses ASSESSment
Name Date
1 Write the sense organs.

2 Label the parts of the eye.
1.
1 2.
2 4
3.
3 4.
3 Complete.
eyelids optic nerve pupil brain sight

The eyes are the senses organs of .
, eye lashes and eyebrows protect the eyes.
The is the hole in the centre of the iris though
which light passes.
When we see an object, the information is sent to the
through the .
4 Label the parts of the ear.
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2
5 Circle the correct word.

The outer ear captures sound through the pinna / cochlea.
The cochlea sends the sound through the ear canal / auditory nerve to the brain.
The brain interprets / vibrates the information.
6 What part of your nose captures smells?
Touch is the which allows you to identify characteristics

of the objects around you.
The sense organ of touch is the .
Smells enter the nose through the nostrils.

Tears keep our eyes dry.
The tongue is the main sense organ of taste.
We feel pain through our taste buds.
The small bumps covering our tongue are the taste buds.
9 Write the corresponding sense organ.
cochlea iris

nasal cavity pupil
taste bud auditory nerve
10 What are the five basic flavours?

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3 Living things ASSESSment
Name Date
1 What are three of the life processes?

2 Write the life process.
It allows living things to absorb

the essential nutrients for life.
It allows living things to respond

to changes in the environment.
It allows living things to produce

new living things.
3 What two things does nutrition provide you with? Explain.

carnivore
omnivore
5 Complete.
carbon dioxide sunlight mineral salts water photosynthesis
Plants produce their own food through . They take

and from the soil through their roots.
They take from the air through their leaves.
Energy from is also taken through the leaves.
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3
6 Number the sentences in order and complete.
The dog’s brain sends an order to

the muscles to play with the ball.
The dog sees a ball.
The dog plays with the ball.
The image of the ball reaches
the dog’s brain.
The life process is .
7 Circle the organs which are part of the process of sensitivity.
heart nerves brain liver sense organs

8 Look at the illustration and complete the sentence.
Some plants reproduce ,

without flowers or seeds.
9 Write two examples of each type of animal.

oviparous
viviparous
10 Number the sentences in order.
A new plant begins to grow.

Seeds are formed from the flowers.
The plant grows flowers.
The seeds fall to the ground and germinate.
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4 Vertebrate animals ASSESSment
Name Date
1 Write the five groups of vertebrate animals.

2 What group do these animals belong to?

A B C D E

3 Tick the correct options.

All mammals:
have bones. drink their mother’s milk.
are born from their mother’s womb. can walk when they are born.
4 Write an example of each type of animal.
marine mammal flying mammal primate

5 Cross out the three mistakes.

Reptiles are viviparous animals. They breathe through gills.
Their skin is covered with scales. Most of them live on land and slither.
6 Complete the sentences with Fish or Amphibians.
have bare skin.

breathe only through gills.
breathe through gills and through their skin.
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4
7 Circle the word related to birds in each pair.
animals / plants vertebrate / invertebrate feathers / fur

wings / fins oviparous / viviparous

8 What animal is it?
This animal is different when it is young and when it is an adult.

When it is born, it lives in water, breathes through gills and has a tail.
When it is an adult, it can live on land, it breathes using lungs
and has legs.
It is a .
9 Write the name of two animals which belong to this group of vertebrates.
They breathe through lungs.
The breathe through gills.
They have scales.
The move using fins.
Mammals Reptiles Birds Fish Amphibians
Breathe through…
Their body is covered

with…
They move using…
Their reproduction is…
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5 Invertebrate animals ASSESSment
Name Date
1 Complete with vertebrate or invertebrate.
All animals have got a skeleton.

All animals have not got a spinal column.
2 Write the names of four groups of invertebrates.

3 Write four invertebrates.
It has a soft It has a hard

body. shell.
It lives It lives in the

on land. sea.

Jellyfish have tentacles.
Snails have one flat foot for moving.
Some worms live in the sea.
Spiders have long thin bodies.
5 Match. Then, complete.
spider six legs

butterfly eight legs

Spiders and butterflies belong to a group of animals called .
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5
6 Name the three main body parts of an insect.

7 Label the body parts of the fly.
8 Number the illustrations in order.
A B C D
9 Circle the correct option about insects.

They are vertebrate / invertebrate animals.
They have six / four legs.
They have two / four antennae.
They are oviparous / viviparous.
10 Which animal is it? Read and write the name.
It is an invertebrate.
It is oviparous.
It has a hard body.
It has four wings.
It has six legs.
Name:
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6 Machines ASSESSment
Name Date
1 What is a machine?

2 Match.
A watch cuts wood.
A pulley carries heavy objects.
A saw measures time.
A wheelbarrow lifts heavy objects.
3 Is a computer a machine? Explain.

4 What do machines need in order to function?
5 What type of energy does each of these machines need to function?
B

A
C D

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6
6 What is the difference between a simple machine and a compound machine?

7 Complete.
Machines
can be
simple
for example

ramp

8 Write the four groups of compound machines.


A pulley makes it difficult to lift heavy objects.
A ramp is an inclined plane.
A lever is a bar which rests on a pivot point.
A wheel turns on a pivot point.
10 What machine is it?

It is a simple machine. It is circular and it turns on an axle.
It is used to move objects from one place to another.

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7 Planet Earth ASSESSment
Name Date

We live on planet Earth.
The surface of the Earth is covered with land and water.
The Earth is surrounded by a layer of air called the atmosphere.
Most of the Earth is covered with land.
2 Match.
Sun A planet in the Solar System.

Earth The Earth’s natural satellite.

Moon The closest star to the Earth.

3 Write rotation or revolution.

It takes 24 hours.
It causes the four seasons.
It takes 365 days.
It causes day and night.
4 Write rotation or revolution under the correct diagram.

A B

5 Write the names of the four Moon phases.

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7
6 Why is it day in some places on Earth and night in other places?

7 Tick the correct sentence.

At sunrise, the Sun is in the west and at sunset, it is in the east.
At sunrise, the Sun is in the east and at sunset, it is in the west.
8 Match.
map A flat drawing which represents parts of the surface of the Earth.

Earth globe A sphere which represents the Earth on a small scale.

9 Label the diagram of the Earth.
Southern
Hemisphere
South Pole
Equator
North Pole
Northern
Hemisphere
10 Write the names of the six continents.

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8 Water ASSESSment
Name Date
1 Complete.
, and need water to live.
2 Write four uses of water.

3 Where is salt water found in nature?
4 Where is fresh water found in nature?
5 Write an example.
Water as a solid
Water as a gas
Water as a liquid

Drinking water is water in a liquid state.
Groundwater is water in a gaseous state.
There is water in a solid state at the North and South Poles.
7 Write the change of state of water.

When liquid water turns into ice.
When liquid water turns into water vapour.
When ice turns into liquid water.
When water vapour turns into liquid water.
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8
8 Look at the illustration and write the correct number.
sea groundwater rain

snow clouds river
9 Complete the text about the water cycle.
The water in seas, rivers and lakes heats up and turns into .
As the water vapour cools down, it and forms clouds. The water
in the clouds falls to Earth as rain, , or hail. Rain falls in rivers and goes to
the . Some rain goes into the ground as .
10 Answer.
What is an aquifer?

Where does the water in aquifers come from?
How is groundwater extracted?

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9 Air and weather ASSESSment
Name Date

Air is a mixture of gases.
Oxygen is the second most abundant gas in air.
Air always has the same shape.
Living things do not need oxygen to breathe.
2 What is air used for? Write three examples.

3 Does air have weight? Answer and explain using an example.

4 What is the atmosphere?

5 What is the difference between weather and climate?

6 What does weather refer to?

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9
7 Circle the words which are related to weather.

storm snow waves oxygen mountain
rain spring river hail wind
8 Classify.
rain gale breeze hail hurricane snow
Precipitation Wind

9 What are the typical weather conditions in each season? Complete the chart.
Winter Spring Summer Autumn

Temperature
Precipitation
10 Look at the illustrations and answer.

A B
What season does illustration A represent? Explain.

What season does illustration B represent? Explain.

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10 Landscapes ASSESSment
Name Date
1 Label the parts of the mountain.
2 What is a moor?

3 Describe a plain.

4 Circle three natural features in blue. Circle three man-made features in red.
5 Explain the difference between coastal plains and cliffs.

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10
bay
cliff
peninsula
island
beach
7 What is a river?

8 Complete.
The ground over which a river flows is called a .
The course of a river is .
The volume of water in a river is the .
upper course middle course lower course
10 Explain the difference between lakes and reservoirs.

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11 Villages and cities ASSESSment
Name Date
1 Is this an illustration of a village or a city? Explain.

2 Write V for village or C for city.

Not many people live here. The streets are long and wide.
Many buildings are tall. There are shopping centres.
Most houses are low. The streets are short and narrow.
Mountain Villages Villages

Cities
villages on plains on the coast

What kind
of jobs do
people do?

4 Describe houses in mountain villages.
Walls:
Roofs:
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11
5 What are three examples of rural tourism?

6 Write two advantages and two disadvantages of living in a city.
Life in a city
Advantages Disadvantages

7 Label the three main parts of a city.
A C

B

8 Write definitions for these words.
coastal village

housing estate
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12 Jobs ASSESSment
Name Date
1 Match.
Crop farming working the land to obtain food and other products

Irrigation a method of growing crops in dry areas

Dry farming watering plants using irrigation channels or sprinklers

2 Number the sentences in order.

Sow the seeds. Plough the fields.
Harvest the crops. Fertilise the soil.
3 Write two examples.

livestock
cattle
poultry
4 Complete.
In farming, animals live in pens and barns.

In farming, animals live in the open.
fishing is done near the coast.
fishing is done a long way from the coast.
5 What is a fish farm?

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12
6 Explain the difference between open mining and underground mining.

7 Answer.
What are raw materials?

What are manufactured products?

8 Number the illustrations of the industrial process in order.

Types of industry

for example for example for example

10 Why are there more industries in cities than in villages?

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13 Work and services ASSESSment
Name Date
1 What are services?

2 Circle the illustration of a service.

A B C
3 Who provides these services?

Public services
Private services
4 Match.
firefighters

public services
police

banks
private services
hotels


Health services
Cultural services
Tourism services
Transport services
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13
6 Write producer, consumer or trader.

7 Define.
Retailers:

Wholesalers:

8 What is electronic commerce?


Transport
Means of transport Transport networks
public roads and motorways

10 Write two examples for each.

The media:
Individual communication:
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14 Local government ASSESSment
Name Date
1 What is a town hall?

2 What is the difference between the mayor and a councillor?

3 Why is the following sentence not correct?

In local elections, citizens elect a mayor,
who then elects the councillors.

4 Complete the chart with the words in the box.
town hall the mayor the local council the councillors

is made who meet
up of in the
5 Answer.
Who votes in local elections?

How often are local elections held?

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14
6 Who organises municipal services?
7 Complete the chart with the names of five municipal services.
Municipal services

8 Write the municipal service.

They keep the streets safe.
They clean the streets.
They inspect food shops.
They organise town festivals.
They maintain road signs.
9 What municipal service should you phone?

A B

10 Why do people need municipal services?

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15 Finding out about the past ASSESSment
Name Date
1 What things can help you find out about your personal history?

2 Match.
past A hundred years.

decade Ten years.

future What happened before now.

century What will happen later.

3 Classify these historical records.

A B C
Pictorial record
Written record
Physical record
4 Complete.
Flags and coats of arms are the of a town.
Traditional foods, dances and songs are the of a town.
Carnival, New Year’s Eve or celebrations in honour of a patron saint
are .
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15
5 Write the correct word under each illustration.

A B C

6 Give an example of a historical monument in your town.

Thousands of years ago, people lived in castles.
Hundreds of years ago, the job of noblemen was to fight in wars.
Nowadays, most people work in services.
8 Match.
A B C
thousands of years ago hundreds of years ago nowadays

9 Complete.
Thousands of years ago, people lived
They didn’t travel
They ate
10 What is a timeline?
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Your body TEST 1
Name Date
1. The main parts of the body are 7. The main stages of life are
a. the head, trunk and legs. a. childhood, adolescence and
b. the head, chest and limbs. youth.
c. the head, trunk and limbs. b. childhood, adolescence,

adulthood and old age.
2. The trunk is divided in two parts: c. children, adults and old people.
a. the upper limbs and lower limbs.
8. Permanent teeth grow during
b. the thorax and abdomen.
a. childhood.
c. the back and abdomen.
b. adolescence.
3. The brain is located c. adulthood.
a. next to the heart.
9. The body prepares to have children
b. in the head.
during
c. in the stomach.
a. adolescence.
4. Bones form b. old age.
a. the joints. c. adulthood.
b. the muscles.
10. Melanin is
c. the skeleton.
a. a substance in the skin which
5. The organs which are joined to the protects us from the Sun.
bones and help them to move are b. an internal organ in the human
body.
a. the lungs.
c. one of the parts of the trunk.
b. the arms.
c. the muscles.
6. Two muscles in the arm are

a. the humerus and ulna.
b. the biceps and triceps.
c. the radius and biceps.
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Our senses TEST 2
Name Date
1. The eyes are the sense organs of 6. The external part of the ear is
a. sight. a. the pinna.
b. touch. b. the cochlea.
c. hearing. c. the eardrum.
2. The part of the eye that captures 7. When sound reaches the eardrum,
light is a. it stops.
a. the pupil. b. it vibrates.
b. the lens. c. it irritates.
c. the retina.
8. The ears capture sound and send it
3. The is a coloured ring to the brain through
which controls the level of light. a. the eardrum.
a. iris b. the optic nerve.
b. pupil c. the auditory nerve.
c. cornea
9. The sense organ of touch is
4. The sense of sight allows us to a. your pituitary.
a. know the world around us through b. your tongue.
sound.
c. your skin.
b. know the world around us through
touch. 10. The sense organ of
c. know the world around us through is inside your nose.
light. a. smell
5. The sense organ of hearing is b. touch
a. the pinna. c. hearing
b. the ear.
c. the eardrum.
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Living things TEST 3
Name Date
1. The life processes are sensitivity, 6. The life process of sensitivity allows
nutrition and you to
a. breathing. a. take in food.
b. reproduction. b. reproduce.
c. digestion. c. respond to changes in the
environment.
2. Omnivores are animals which
a. eat other animals and plants. 7. allows living things
to produce similar living things.
b. only eat other animals.
a. Sensitivity
c. only eat plants.
b. Reproduction
3. The life process of nutrition allows c. Repetition
you to
a. obtain energy and nutrients for 8. Human beings are
your body. a. oviparous.
b. sense what happens in the world b. viviparous.
around you. c. oviparous and viviparous.
c. have children.
9. are important
4. Plants organs in the process of sensitivity.
a. produce their own food. a. Lungs
b. eat other living things. b. Muscles
c. are omnivores. c. Kidneys
5. The most important part of the 10. Starfish reproduce
nervous system is
a. sexually.
a. the optic nerve.
b. asexually.
b. the auditory nerve.
c. by mating.
c. the brain.
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Vertebrate animals TEST 4
Name Date
1. Vertebrate animals 7. Birds and reptiles are

a. have a skeleton made up of bones. a. oviparous.
b. do not have a skeleton. b. viviparous.
c. do not have a skeleton when they c. invertebrates.
are born, but they have one later.
8. Animals which breathe through
2. Mammals are lungs and have scales are
a. oviparous. a. amphibians.
b. viviparous. b. fish.
c. amphibians. c. reptiles.
3. Whales have 9. Amphibians

a. scales. a. have bare skin.
b. hair. b. do not have skin.
c. bare skin. c. have scales.
4. Humans are 10. breathe through gills

a. invertebrates. when they are born and through
b. primates. lungs when they grow.
c. marine mammals. a. Fish
b. Reptiles
5. Chimpanzees and gorillas
c. Amphibians
a. have small brains.
b. use their hands to grip objects.
c. stay in their mother’s pouch for
some time.
6. Birds breathe through

a. lungs.
b. gills and lungs.
c. gills.
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Invertebrate animals TEST 5
Name Date
1. Invertebrate animals are 7. Snails and mussels are

a. animals with bones. a. arthropods.
b. animals without bones. b. molluscs.
c. animals with bones but no skeleton. c. worms.
2. Spiders are 8. Spiders have

a. arthropods. a. eight legs.
b. molluscs. b. six legs.
c. vertebrate animals. c. ten legs.
3. Jellyfish are 9. Insects are

a. vertebrate animals that live a. oviparous.
in the sea. b. viviparous.
b. invertebrate animals that live c. oviparous when they are born
in the sea. and viviparous when they grow.
c. marine arthropods.
10. Spiders eat
4. Earthworms a. insects.
a. live in the sea. b. worms.
b. have many legs. c. molluscs.
c. make tunnels in the soil.
5. Insects are
a. arthropods.
b. amphibians.
c. molluscs.
6. Insect bodies are divided into

a. head, trunk and limbs.
b. head, trunk and abdomen.
c. head, thorax and abdomen.
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Machines TEST 6
Name Date
1. In order to function, all machines 7. Bicycles work using

need a. electricity.
a. energy. b. energy from people.
b. petrol. c. combustible fuels.
c. electricity.
8. A wheel is
2. To make work easier, we use a. a simple machine.
a. machines. b. a compound machine.
b. torches. c. not a machine.
c. balloons.
9. Gears are used to
3. Machines can be a. produce electricity.
a. oviparous and viviparous. b. lift weights.
b. simple or compound. c. transmit movement.
c. circular or square.
10. A pulley is
4. Inclined planes are a. a simple machine.
a. gears. b. an electronic circuit
b. simple machines. c. an electric circuit.
c. motors.
5. Compound machines
a. are made up of one part.
b. are made up of simple machines.
c. produce electricity.
6. Motors are part of

a. inclined planes.
b. pulleys.
c. compound machines.
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Planet Earth TEST 7
Name Date
1. The Earth is 6. Asia is

a. a satellite. a. a continent.
b. a star. b. an ocean.
c. a planet. c. an island.
2. The thin layer of air which surrounds 7. The Earth orbits

the Earth is called a. itself.
a. the continent. b. the Moon.
b. the ocean. c. the Sun.
c. the atmosphere.
8. Most of the surface of the Earth
3. The rotation of the Earth takes is covered by
a. 28 days. a. land.
b. a year. b. water.
c. a day. c. craters.
4. There are cardinal 9. The rotation of the Earth causes

points. a. day and night.
a. six b. the seasons.
b. four c. the months.
c. five
10. A map is
5. The Moon is a. a sphere that represents
a. the star which orbits the Earth. the Earth.
b. the planet which orbits the Sun. b. a representation of the Sun,
the Earth and the Moon.
c. the natural satellite which orbits
the Earth. c. a flat drawing that represents
the surface of the Earth.
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Water TEST 8
Name Date
1. Water can be found in a gaseous 7. When water changes from one state
state, a solid state and to another
a. a liquid state. a. a change of state occurs.
b. fresh. b. an experiment occurs.
c. in aquifers. c. desalination occurs.
2. When water heats up it turns into 8. When water vapour cools,

a. water vapour. a. it turns into liquid water.
b. ice. b. it turns into ice.
c. a liquid. c. it turns into gas.
3. Drinking water is water which 9. The change from solid to liquid

a. you can drink. is called
b. you cannot drink. a. freezing.
c. comes from seas and oceans. b. melting.
c. evaporation.
4. At the Poles, water is found in
a. a liquid state. 10. Clouds are made up of water
b. a solid state. droplets in
c. a gaseous state. a. a liquid state.

b. a solid state.
5. Underground water deposits are called
c. a gaseous state.
a. oceans.
b. clouds.
c. aquifers.
6. Fresh water comes from

a. seas.
b. rivers.
c. oceans.
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Air and weather TEST 9
Name Date
1. All living things need 6. Depending on the temperature,

to breathe. the weather can be
a. nitrogen a. hot or cold.
b. oxygen b. sunny or cloudy.
c. carbon dioxide c. windy or rainy.
2. Air is 7. Precipitation can fall as

a. oxygen. a. wind.
b. water vapour. b. hail.
c. a mixture of gases. c. gas.
3. The layer of gases that surrounds 8. Extremely strong wind with rain
the Earth is called is called a
a. nitrogen. a. hurricane.
b. the atmosphere. b. breeze.
c. air. c. gale.
4. Weather refers to precipitation, 9. The season with the longest nights

temperature and is
a. air. a. spring.
b. water. b. summer.
c. wind. c. winter.
5. The typical weather conditions in one 10. The state of the atmosphere at
area is a particular time and place is
a. winter. a. climate.
b. the climate. b. wind.
c. the weather. c. weather.
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Landscapes TEST 10
Name Date
1. Mountains are 7. A large area of sea the bites into

a. areas of land near the sea. the land is
b. areas of flat land. a. a cape.
c. areas of high land with steep b. a bay.
slopes. c. a gulf.
2. The highest part of a mountain is 8. A large flowing body of water which
a. the summit. begins in a high area is
b. the slopes. a. a river.
c. the foot. b. a lake.
3. are high areas of flat c. a reservoir.
land with little vegetation.
9. The volume of water in a river is
a. Valleys
a. the flow.
b. Flood plains
b. the course.
c. Moors
c. the river bed.
4. Mountains, plains and rivers are
10. The mouth of a river is near
a. natural features.
a. the upper course.
b. natural features made by man.
b. the middle course.
c. man-made features.
c. the lower course.
5. Areas of land near the sea are called
a. valleys.
b. coastal landscapes.
c. inland landscapes.
6. are areas of high
land near the sea.
a. Cliffs
b. Mountains
c. Beaches
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Villages and cities TEST 11
Name Date
1. Places with a small population are 6. The oldest part of a city is

a. cities. a. the modern district.
b. countries. b. the suburbs.
c. villages c. the historic centre.
2. In villages, streets usually lead to 7. In cities, most people work

a. the cathedral. a. on farms.
b. the main square. b. in forests.
c. the fountain. c. in offices.
3. In mountain villages, many 8. In mountain villages,

people are a. streets are long and narrow.
a. farmers. b. streets are long and steep.
b. fishermen. c. streets are steep and narrow.
c. miners.
9. In cities,
4. In villages on the coast, a. streets are long and narrow.
is very important. b. streets are long and steep.
a. farming c. streets are long and wide.
b. tourism
10. Housing estates are usually
c. taking care of forests
a. in the centre of villages.
5. The modern district of a city often b. outside village centres.
surrounds
c. in the historic centre of cities.
a. the city centre.
b. the main square.
c. the suburbs.
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Jobs TEST 12
Name Date
1. is working the land to 6. is when animals live

obtain food and other products. in the open and eat grass or grain.
a. Crop farming a. Intensive farming
b. Stockbreeding b. Free-range farming
c. Fishing c. Stockbreeding
2. To stop insects harming their crops, 7. is done a long way

farmers from the coast on big boats.
a. spray the plants with pesticides. a. Intensive fishing
b. sow the seeds. b. Coastal fishing
c. plough the fields. c. Deep-sea fishing
3. Dry crops need 8. is extracting stones

a. water from irrigation channels. and minerals from under the ground.
b. water from sprinklers. a. Stockbreeding
c. little water. b. Mining
c. Forestry
4. Vegetables, fruit, rice and corn are
a. dry crops. 9. are natural
b. industrial crops. resources which are used in industry.
c. irrigation crops. a. Raw materials

b. Manufactured products
5. Sheep are
c. Assembly lines
a. cattle.
b. poultry. 10. Industries can be primary,
consumer or
c. livestock.
a. farming.
b. forestry.
c. technological.
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Work and services TEST 13
Name Date
1. does not make 6. Electronic commerce is done through

a product. It provides for the needs a. consumers.
of people. b. traders.
a. An industry c. the Internet.
b. A service
7. services move
c. A raw material
passengers and merchandise from
2. Public services are provided by one place to another.
a. consumers a. Recreational
b. wholesalers b. Communications
c. the government c. Transport
3. services are provided 8. Transport which is not private is

in museums, theatres or cinemas. a. public.
a. Cultural b. cultural.
b. Sport c. rural.
c. Tourism
9. Information is sent from one place
4. People who make products are to another using
a. consumers. a. means of communication.
b. traders. b. means of transport.
c. producers. c. consumer rights.
5. There are two types of traders: 10. E-mail is an example of

a. producers and consumers. a. the media.
b. wholesalers and retailers. b. personal communication.
c. shopkeepers and retailers. c. public communication.
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Local government TEST 14
Name Date
1. The institution which organises 7. An election manifesto explains

municipal services is what will do
a. the police. if elected.
b. the town hall. a. the candidates
c. the local council. b. the citizens
c. the inspectors
2. The head of the local council is
a. the councillor. 8. visit local food
b. the president. shops to check that the food we buy
is healthy.
c. the mayor.
a. Gardeners
3. Local elections are held every b. Town planners
a. four years. c. Food hygiene inspectors
b. year.
9. are in charge
c. two years.
of recycling rubbish.
4. make up the local a. Cultural services
council. b. Sanitation services
a. The councillors c. Police services
b. The councillors and the citizens
10. If you want to build a house, you
c. The councillors and the mayor
must contact
5. The mayor is elected by a. the recreational services.
a. the citizens. b. the sanitation services.
b. the councillors. c. the town planning services.
c. the town hall.
6. The local council works in

a. the town hall.
b. the municipal sports centre.
c. the housing estate.
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Finding out about the past TEST 15
Name Date
1. Time is divided into 7. Thousands of years ago, people

a. yesterday, today and tomorrow. lived in
b. past, present and future. a. castles.
c. childhood, adolescence and b. houses.
old age. c. huts.
2. Everything which will happen later is 8. Hundreds of years ago, people

a. the future. travelled by
b. the present. a. trains.
c. the past. b. boats.
c. aeroplanes.
3. A decade is
a. 100 years. 9. Noblemen
b. 20 years. a. lived in big castles.
c. 10 years. b. travelled by cart.
c. made things of iron.
4. Very old buildings are
a. historical monuments. 10. many people travel
b. historical symbols. by train.
c. traditions. a. Nowadays
b. Hundreds of years ago
5. A monument is
c. Thousands of years ago
a. a written historical record.
b. a physical historical record.
c. a pictorial historical record.
6. The customs of a city, town or village

are called
a. traditions.
b. symbols.
c. history.
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Answer key ASSESSMENTs and tests
1 Your body
1. Classify the words.
• Head: forehead, face • Trunk: abdomen, back • Limbs: leg, arm
Left top to bottom: brain, stomach, muscle
Right top to bottom: lung, kidney, bone
3. Write a personal trait which differentiates one person from another.
M.A. hair colour.
4. What are ligaments?
Ligaments hold moveable joints together.
5. What is melanin?
M.A. Melanin is responsible for the colour of our eyes, our hair and our skin.
6. Complete.
• Bones are hard, strong, rigid organs. They form the skeleton. It supports the weight of the body.
• The muscles are elastic organs which are attached to the bones and help them to move.
7. What is a joint? Explain and give two examples.
M.A. A joint is the place where bones join together. For example, the elbow and the knee.
8. Look at the diagrams and answer.
• What muscle contracts when you bend your arm? The biceps.
• What muscle contracts when you extend your arm? The triceps.
9. List the four main stages of life.
childhood, adolescence, adulthood, old age
10. Write each stage of life.
Your body prepares to become an adult: adolescence.
The first stage of life: childhood.
Bones become fragile and muscles grow weaker: old age.
Your body is fully developed: adulthood.
Test 1
1. c, 2. b, 3. b, 4. c, 5. c, 6. b, 7. b, 8. a, 9. a, 10. a.
2 Our senses
1. Write the sense organs.
eyes, ears, nose, tongue, skin
2. Label the parts of the eye.
1. cornea, 2. lens, 3. retina, 4. optic nerve
3. Complete.
• The eyes are the senses organs of sight.
• Eyelids, eye lashes and eyebrows protect the eyes.
• The pupil is the hole in the centre of the iris though which light passes.
• When we see an object, the information is sent to the brain through the optic nerve.
4. Label the parts of the ear.
Left top to bottom: pinna, ear drum Right top to bottom: small bones, cochlea
5. Circle the correct word.
• The outer ear captures sound through the pinna.
• The cochlea sends the sound through the auditory nerve to the brain.
• The brain interprets the information.
6. What part of your nose captures smells?
The smell receptors.
7. Complete the sentences.
• Touch is the sense which allows you to identify characteristics of the objects around you.
• The sense organ of touch is the skin.
T Smells enter the nose through the nostrils.
F Tears keep our eyes dry.
T The tongue is the main sense organ of taste.
F We feel pain through our taste buds.
T The small bumps covering our tongue are the taste buds.
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9. Write the corresponding sense organ.

• cochlea: ear • taste bud: tongue • pupil: eye
• nasal cavity: nose • iris: eye • auditory nerve: ear
10. What are the five basic flavours?
sweet, salty, sour, bitter, umami
Test 2
1. a, 2. c, 3. a, 4. c, 5. b, 6. a, 7. b, 8. c, 9. c, 10. a.
3 Living things
1. What are three of the life processes?
Nutrition, sensitivity and reproduction.
2. Write the life process.
It allows living things to absorb the essential nutrients for life. Nutrition
It allows living things to respond to changes in the environment. Sensitivity
It allows living things to produce new living things. Reproduction
3. What two things does nutrition provide you with? Explain.
M.A. Nutrition provides us with energy to run, play and study.
Nutrition also provides us with nutrients to grow and be healthy.
4. Write a definition for these words.
carnivore: an animal which eats other animals.
omnivore: an animal which eats other animals and plants.
5. Complete.
Plants produce their own food through photosynthesis. They take
water and mineral salts from the soil through their roots.
They take carbon dioxide from the air through their leaves.
Energy from sunlight is also taken through the leaves.
6. Number the sentences in order and complete.
1 The dog sees a ball.
2 The image of the ball reaches the dog’s brain.
3 The dog’s brain sends an order to the muscles to play with the ball.
4 The dog plays with the ball.
• The life process is sensitivity.
7. Circle the organs which are part of the process of sensitivity.
Circle: nerves, brain, sense organs
8. Look at the illustration and complete the sentence.
• Some plants reproduce asexually, without flowers or seeds.
9. Write two examples of each type of animal.
oviparous: M.A. bird, frog
viviparous: M.A. cat, cow
10. Number the sentences in order.
1 The plant grows flowers.
2 Seeds are formed from the flowers.
3 The seeds fall to the ground and germinate.
4 A new plant begins to grow.
Test 3
1. b, 2. a, 3. c, 4. a, 5. c, 6. c, 7. b, 8. b, 9. b, 10. b.
4 Vertebrate animals
1. Write the five groups of vertebrate animals.
mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish
2. What group do these animals belong to?
A. reptiles, B. birds, C. mammals, D. amphibians, E. fish
3. Tick the correct options.
All mammals:
have bones.
are born from their mother’s womb.
drink their mother’s milk.
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4. Write an example of each type of animal.

marine mammal: dolphin flying mammal: bat primate: gorilla
5. Cross out the three mistakes.
Reptiles are viviparous animals. They breathe through gills. Their skin is covered with scales.
Most of them live on land and slither.
6. Complete the sentences with Fish or Amphibians.
• Amphibians have bare skin.
• Fish breathe only through gills.
• Amphibians breathe through gills and through their skin.
7. Circle the word related to birds in each pair.
Cicle: animals, vertebrate, feathers, wings, oviparous
8. What animal is it?
• It is a frog.
9. Write the name of two animals which belong to this group of vertebrates. M.A.
• They breathe through lungs: rabbits and squirrels. • They have scales: snakes and crocodiles.
• They breathe through gills: sharks and sardines. • The move using fins: dolphins and carp.
Mammals Reptiles Birds Fish Amphibians
Breathe through… lungs lungs lungs gills lungs and skin
Their body is covered with… fur or hair scales feathers scales bare skin
They move using… legs legs wings fins legs
Their reproduction is… viviparous oviparous oviparous oviparous oviparous
Test 4
1. a, 2. b, 3. c, 4. b, 5. b, 6. a, 7. a, 8. c, 9. a, 10. c.
5 Invertebrate animals
1. Complete with vertebrate or invertebrate.
• All vertebrate animals have got a skeleton.
• All invertebrate animals haven’t got a backbone.
2. Write the names of four groups of invertebrates.
jellyfish, worms, molluscs, arthropods
3. Write four invertebrates.
It has a soft body. M.A. worm It has a hard shell. M.A. snail
It lives on land. M.A. butterfly It lives in the sea. M.A. octopus
T Jellyfish have tentacles. T Some worms live in the sea.
T Snails have one flat foot for moving. F Spiders have long thin bodies.
5. Match. Then, complete.
spider: eight legs butterfly: six legs
• Spiders and butterflies belong to a group of animals called arthropods.
6. Name the three main body parts of an insect.
head, thorax, abdomen
7. Label the body parts of the fly.
Left top to bottom: thorax, antenna, head Right top to bottom: wing, abdomen, leg
8. Number the illustrations in order.
A. 1, B. 3, C. 2, D. 4
9. Circle the correct option about insects.
• They are invertebrate animals.
• They have six legs.
• They have two antennae.
• They are oviparous.
10. Which animal is it? Read and write the name. insect / beetle
Test 5
1. b, 2. a, 3. b, 4. c, 5. a, 6. c, 7. b, 8. a, 9. a, 10. a.
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6 Machines
1. What is a machine?
M.A. A machine is a device that allows you to work better, faster and easier. Machines save time and energy.
2. Match.
A watch measures time. A saw cuts wood.
A pulley lifts heavy objects. A wheelbarrow carries heavy objects.
3. Is a computer a machine? Explain.
M.A. A computer is a machine. It has many parts, and we can use it to write, listen to music, watch films, and
communicate with people on the Internet. It allows us to work better, faster and easier.
4. What do machines need in order to function?
Machines need energy to function.
5. What type of energy does each of these machines need to function?
A. Hammer – human force B. Boat – wind
C. Electric whisk – electricity D. Aeroplane – combustible fuels
6. What is the difference between a simple machine and a compound machine?
Simple machines have one or few parts. They work with one movement.
Compound machines are made up of two or more simple machines working together.
7. Complete.
Machines can be simple or compound. Simple machines: M.A. wheel, pulley, lever.
8. Write the four groups of compound machines.
motors, gears, electric circuits, electronic circuits
F A pulley makes it difficult to lift heavy objects.
T A ramp is an inclined plane.
T A lever is a bar which rests on a pivot point.
F A wheel turns on a pivot point.
10. What machine is it?
A wheel.
Test 6
1. a, 2. a, 3. b, 4. b, 5. b, 6. c, 7. b, 8. a, 9. c, 10. a.
7 Planet Earth
T We live on planet Earth.
T The surface of the Earth is covered with land and water.
T The Earth is surrounded by a layer of air called the atmosphere.
F Most of the Earth is covered with land.
2. Match.
Sun: The closest star to the Earth.
Earth: A planet in the Solar System.
Moon: The Earth’s natural satellite.
3. Write rotation or revolution.
• It takes 24 hours. rotation • It takes 365 days. revolution
• It causes the four seasons. revolution • It causes day and night. rotation
4. Write rotation or revolution under the correct diagram.
revolution, rotation
5. Write the names of the four Moon phases.
full moon, waning moon, waxing moon, new moon
6. Why is it day in some places on Earth and night in other places?
M.A. The rotation of the Earth on its axis causes day and night. As the Earth rotates,
it is day in the half that receives light from the Sun. It is night in the half that does not receive light.
7. Tick the correct sentence.
At sunrise, the Sun is in the east and at sunset, it is in the west.
8. Match.
map: A flat drawing which represents parts of the surface of the Earth.
Earth globe: A sphere which represents the Earth on a small scale.
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9. Label the diagram of the Earth.

Left: Southern Hemisphere, South Pole Right: North Pole, Northern Hemisphere, Equator
10. Write the names of the six continents.
America, Europe, Asia, Africa, Oceania, Antarctica
Test 7
1. c, 2. c, 3. c, 4. b, 5. c, 6. a, 7. c, 8. b, 9. a, 10. c.
8 Water
1. Complete.
People, animals and plants need water to live.
2. Write four uses of water.
M. A. For drinking, for washing, in factories, to water plants.
3. Where is salt water found in nature?
In seas and oceans.
4. Where is fresh water found in nature?
In rivers, streams and lakes.
5. Write an example.
• Water as a solid: ice. • Water as a gas: water vapour. • Water as a liquid: water in rivers.
T Drinking water is water in a liquid state.
F Groundwater is water in a gaseous state.
T There is water in a solid state at the North and South Poles.
7. Write the change of state of water.
• When liquid water turns into ice. freezing
• When liquid water turns into water vapour. evaporation
• When ice turns into liquid water. melting
• When water vapour turns into liquid water condensation
8. Look at the illustration and write the correct number.
1 sea, 2 groundwater, 3 snow, 4 clouds, 5 rain, 6 river
9. Complete the text about the water cycle.
The water in seas, rivers and lakes heats up and turns into water vapour. As the water vapour cools down,
it condenses and forms clouds. The water in the clouds falls to Earth as rain, snow or hail. Rain falls in rivers
and goes to the sea. Some rain goes into the ground as groundwater.
10. Answer.
• What is an aquifer? A large deposit of groundwater.
• Where does the water in aquifers come from? The water comes from rain. This water goes through
the soil and collects in empty spaces.
• How is groundwater extracted? Groundwater is extracted using wells.
Test 8
1. a, 2. a, 3. c, 4. b, 5. a, 6. a, 7. b, 8. a, 9. b, 10. a.
9 Air and weather

T Air is a mixture of gases. F Air always has the same shape.
T Oxygen is the second most abundant gas in air. F Living things do not need oxygen to breathe.
2. What is air used for? Write three examples. M.A.
• We need air to breathe. • We need air to hear sound. • Fire needs oxygen in order to burn.
3. Does air have weight? Answer and explain using an example.
M. A. Air has weight. For example, a balloon with air inside weighs more than a balloon with no air inside.
4. What is the atmosphere?
The atmosphere is the layer of gases that surrounds the Earth.
5. What is the difference between weather and climate?
Weather is the state of the atmosphere at a particular time and place. Climate is the typical weather
conditions in one area.
6. What does weather refer to?
Weather refers to temperature, precipitation and wind.
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7. Circle the words which are related to weather.

storm, snow, rain, hail, wind
8. Classify.
Precipitation: rain, hail, snow Wind: gale, breeze, hurricane
9. What are the typical weather conditions in each season? Complete the chart.
Winter Spring Summer Autumn
Temperature cold warm hot mild
Precipitation It can snow. rain little rain rain
10. Look at the illustrations and answer. M.A.

• What season does illustration A represent? Explain.
It represents winter because there is snow.
• What season does illustration B represent? Explain.
It represents spring because there are lots of flowers and grass.
Test 9
1. b 2. c, 3. b, 4. c, 5. b, 6. a, 7. b, 8. a, 9. c, 10. c.
10 Landscapes
1. Label the parts of the mountain.
summit
slope
foot
2. What is a moor?
A moor is a high area of flat land with little vegetation.
3. Describe a plain.
A plain is a very large area of flat land.
4. Circle three natural features in blue. Circle three man-made features in red.
Natural features: M.A. mountains, river, animals
Man-made features: M.A. bridge, village, road
5. Explain the difference between coastal plains and cliffs.
Coastal plains are areas of low land on the coast. The land is flat, and there are beaches with
sand and rocks. Cliffs are areas of high land near the sea. The land is high and rocky.
cliffs
island
peninsula
bay
beach
7. What is a river?
A river is a large, flowing body of water.
8. Complete.
• The ground over which a river flows is called a river bed.
• The course of a river is the journey from the source to the mouth.
• The volume of water in a river is the flow.
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upper course
middle course
lower course
10. Explain the difference between lakes and reservoirs.

Lakes are large areas of fresh water surrounded by land. They form naturally. Reservoirs are man-made lakes.
Test 10
1. c, 2. a, 3. c, 4. a, 5. b, 6. a, 7. c, 8. a, 9. a, 10. c.
11 Villages and cities

1. Is this an illustration of a village or a city? Explain.
M.A. It is a village because the houses are low and the streets are short and lead to a main square.
2. Write V for village or C for city.
V Not many people live here. C There are shopping centres.
C Many buildings are tall. C The streets are long and wide.
V Most houses are low. V The streets are short and narrow.
Mountain villages Villages on plains Villages on the coast Cities
businesses
What kind of jobs farming fishing
farming offices
do people do? taking care of forests tourism
factories
4. Describe houses in mountain villages.
Walls: they are thick to keep out the cold. Roofs: they are sloped so the snow falls off.
5. What are three examples of rural tourism?
M.A. fishing, cycling, horse riding
6. Write two advantages and two disadvantages of living in a city.
Advantages: M.A. many services such as shops and hospitals
Disadvantages: M.A. pollution from traffic, it takes a lot of time to travel
7. Label the three main parts of a city.
A. the suburbs, B. the modern district, C. the historic centre
8. Write definitions for these words.
Coastal village: a village by the sea.
Housing estate: a group of houses that look very similar.
Test 11
1. c, 2. b, 3. a, 4. b, 5. a, 6. c, 7. c, 8. c, 9. c, 10. b.
12 Jobs
1. Match.
Crop farming: working the land to obtain food and other products.
Irrigation: watering plants using irrigation channels or sprinklers.
Dry farming: a method of growing crops in dry areas.
2. Number the sentences in order.
1 Plough the fields. 2 Fertilise the soil. 3 Sow the seeds. 4 Harvest the crops.
3. Write two examples.
livestock: M.A. sheep, pigs cattle: cows, bulls poultry: chickens, turkeys
4. Complete.
• In intensive farming, animals live in pens and barns. • Coastal fishing is done near the coast.
• In free-range farming, animals live in the open. • Deep-sea fishing is done a long way from the coast.
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5. What is a fish farm?

A fish farm is a place where farmers breed fish and shellfish. Fish farms are built near rivers or on the coast.
6. Explain the difference between open mining and underground mining.
M.A. Open mining is when miners dig quarries to obtain minerals from near the surface of the Earth. Underground
mining is when miners dig deep tunnels below the surface to obtain minerals that are deep under the Earth.
7. Answer.
• What are raw materials? Raw materials are natural resources, for example wood and cotton.
• What are manufactured products? Manufactured products are products made in a factory from a raw material.
8. Number the illustrations of the industrial process in order.
Left to right: 3, 1, 2
Left column: primary industry, for example the steel industry
Middle column: consumer industry, for example the car industry
Right column: technological industry, for example the computer industry
10. Why are there more industries in cities than in villages?
M.A. In cities there are more people to work in the factories. It is easier to receive supplies and to transport the
manufactured products because there are more roads and railways.
Test 12
1. a, 2. a, 3. c, 4. c, 5. c, 6. b, 7. c, 8. b, 9. a, 10. c.
13 Work and services

1. What are services?
M.A. Services are jobs that help people by providing a service. They can be public or private.
2. Circle the illustration of a service.
Circle C.
3. Who provides these services?
• Public services: the government • Private services: individuals and private companies
4. Match.
firefighters: public services banks: private services
police: public services hotels: private services
5. Write two examples.
• Health services: M.A. hospitals, clinics
• Cultural services: M.A. museums, theatres
• Tourism services: M.A. travel agencies, hotels
• Transport services: M.A. buses, taxis
6. Write producer, consumer or trader.
trader, producer, consumer
7. Define.
• Retailers: they buy products from wholesalers and then sell them to consumers.
• Wholesalers: they buy large quantities of a product from a producer and sell it to retailers.
8. What is electronic commerce?
Electronic commerce is shopping on the Internet.
Means of transport: public, private
Transport networks: roads and motorways, railway tracks, flight paths, sea routes
10. Write two examples for each. M.A.
• The media: newspapers, television • Individual communication: telephones, letters
Test 13
1. b, 2. c, 3. a, 4. c, 5. b, 6. c, 7. c, 8. a, 9. a, 10. b.
14 Local government

1. What is a town hall?
A town hall is the building where the local council works.
2. What is the difference between the mayor and a councillor?
The mayor is the head of the local council. Councillors are members of the local council who help
the mayor organise municipal services.
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3. Why is the following sentence not correct?

In local elections, the citizens elect the councillors, who then elect the mayor. They do not elect the mayor directly.
4. Complete the chart with the words in the box.
The local council is made up of the mayor and the councillors who meet in the town hall.
5. Answer.
• Who votes in local elections?
The citizens of a town or city who are 18 years old or over.
• How often are local elections held?
Every four years.
6. Who organises municipal services?
The local council.
7. Complete the chart with the names of five municipal services.
M.A. schools, hospitals, street lighting, police, rubbish collection
8. Write the correct municipal service.
• They keep the streets safe: local police • They organise town festivals: cultural services
• They clean the streets: sanitation services • They maintain road signs: highway services
• They inspect food shops: food hygiene inspection services
9. What municipal service should you phone?
A. local police B. highway services
10. Why do people need municipal services?
M.A. People need municipal services so that they can live in their town safely and comfortably.
Test 14
1. c, 2. c, 3. a, 4. c, 5. b, 6. a, 7. a, 8. c, 9. b, 10. c.
15 Finding out about the past

1. What things can help you find out about your personal history?
M.A. photographs, videos, books, paintings, objects, diaries.
2. Match.
past: What happened before now. future: What will happen later.
decade: Ten years. century: A hundred years.
3. Classify these historical records.
• Pictorial record: B. photograph
• Written record: A. book
• Physical record: C. sword
4. Complete.
• Flags and coats of arms are the historical symbols of a town.
• Traditional foods, dances and songs are the traditions of a town.
• Carnival, New Year’s Eve or celebrations in honour of a patron saint are festivals.
5. Write the correct word under each illustration.
A. historical symbol, B. local festival, C. Traditional dance
6. Give an example of a historical monument in your town.
O.A.
F Thousands of years ago, people lived in castles.
T Hundreds of years ago, the job of noblemen was to fight in wars.
T Nowadays, most people work in services.
8. Match.
A. hundreds of years ago B. nowadays C. thousands of years ago
9. Complete.
• Thousands of years ago, people lived in huts made of branches and animal skins.
• They didn’t travel very far because they walked everywhere.
• They ate wild plants, hunted animals and caught fish.
10. What is a timeline?
A timeline is diagram to put past events in order. A timeline can be divided into days, years or longer periods of time.
Test 15
1. b, 2. a, 3. c, 4. a, 5. b, 6. a, 7. c, 8. b, 9. a, 10. a.
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1 TERM ASSESSMENT
Name Date
1 Describe the movement of muscles and bones in A and B.
A B

2 Tick the correct option.

Our body has three parts: head, thorax and abdomen.
The lower limbs are the legs.
The trunk is divided in two parts: thorax and back.
Sight Hearing Smell Taste Touch

Sense organ(s)
This sense allows you to capture…
4 What function does the brain have in the sense of sight? Explain.

5 Complete.
The life process of is the ability of living things to respond

to changes in the environment.
During the life process of living things take in food and absorb
essential nutrients.
The life process of is the ability of all living things to produce
new living things of their own kind.
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1
6 Write two examples of how plants interact with the environment.

Mammals are viviparous animals which breathe through lungs.

Reptiles are viviparous animals which breathe through lungs.
Birds are oviparous animals which breathe through lungs.
Adult amphibians breathe through lungs and through their skin.
Fish are viviparous animals which breathe through gills.
8 Answer.
How do dolphins breathe?
What animal group do bats belong to?
What type of reptiles does not have four legs?
What group of animals has scales and breathes through gills?

9 Complete.
The bodies of insects have three parts: ,
and .
The offspring of insects which have just hatched from their eggs are called .
The thorax of an insect contains six and four .
Invertebrate animals
are classified into

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2 TERM ASSESSMENT
Name Date
1 Classify these machines.

A B C Simple Compound
machines machines
E F
D
2 Look at the illustration. What type of machine it is?

3 Why is the Sun important to the Earth?

4 Explain why this statement is not correct.

The Earth orbits the Sun. This movement causes day and night.

5 Write the change of state of water.

A B C

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2
6 Describe the water cycle.

7 Write three properties of air.

8 Answer.
What is wind?

Depending on the temperature, what can the weather be like?

What kinds of precipitation are there?

9 Match each feature with a type of landscape.
summit peninsula

mountain landscape
cliff archipelago

coastal landscape
slope foot

10 Explain the difference between the course and the flow of a river.

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3 TERM ASSESSMENT
Name Date
1 Is it a village or a city?
low buildings short, narrow streets not many people live there

It is a .
2 Why is this sentence not correct? Read and explain.

Rural tourism is becoming very popular in cities.

3 Give two examples of each.
Crop farming
Stockbreeding
Fishing
4 What does each type of industry make?

Primary industries

Consumer industries

Technological industries

5 Write three examples of jobs in the service industry.

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3
6 What are means of communication? Explain and give an example.

7 Look at the diagram. Explain how a mayor is elected.

mayor

councillors

citizens
8 Write two examples of each municipal service.
Sanitation services
Cultural services
Recreational services
9 What documents can you use to find out about the history of your town?

10 Complete.
Thousands of years ago, people lived in .
Nowadays, people live in .
Hundreds of years ago, people travelled by .

Nowadays, people travel by .
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TERM 1 TEST
Name Date
1. Bones join together at 6. are living things

a. the muscles. which eat animals and plants.
b. the ligaments. a. Omnivores
c. the joints. b. Carnivores
c. Herbivores
2. The bones in the forearm are
a. the radius and ulna. 7. Mammals are
b. the humerus and biceps. a. oviparous.
c. the triceps and elbow. b. viviparous.
c. carnivores.
3. When sound reaches
the , it vibrates. 8. are animals which
a. cochlea breathe through lungs and have
b. eardrum skin covered in scales.
c. pinna a. Reptiles
b. Fish
4. capture odours.
c. Amphibians
a. Smell receptors
b. Nostrils 9. Spiders are
c. Taste buds a. insects.

b. molluscs.
5. The sense organs send information
c. arthropods.
to the brain through
a. bones. 10. Most insects have four
b. muscles. a. legs.
c. nerves. b. antennae.
c. wings.
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TERM 2 TEST
Name Date
1. Machines which have one or few 6. When ice heats up and turns into
parts are liquid water, occurs.
a. simple. a. evaporation
b. compound. b. melting
c. wheels and motors. c. condensation
2. A pulley is a rope wrapped around 7. The movement of air is called

a. a wheel. a. wind.
b. a chip. b. gas.
c. a circuit. c. precipitation.
3. The closest star to the Earth is 8. In the Northern Hemisphere,

a. the Sun. the 21st March is the first day of
b. the Moon. a. autumn.
c. a planet. b. summer.
c. spring.
4. It takes for the Earth
to orbit the Sun. 9. The steep sides of a mountain are
a. four weeks a. the slopes.
b. a month b. the summit.
c. a year c. the moors.
5. When water vapour condenses, 10. A narrow piece of land surrounded

it forms by water on three sides is called
a. clouds. a. a peninsula.
b. rivers. b. a bay.
c. aquifers. c. an isthmus.
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TERM 3 TEST
Name Date
1. The part of a city which surrounds 6. buy products from

the centre is called wholesalers and sell them
a. the historic centre. to consumers.
b. the modern district. a. Retailers
c. the suburbs. b. Producers
c. Agents
2. In most people know
each other because the population 7. Firefighting, street lighting and food
is small. hygiene inspection are
a. cities a. private services.
b. towns b. school services.
c. villages c. municipal services.
3. In farming, animals 8. The ____________ is responsible for

live in pens and eat dry feed. organising municipal services.
a. free-range a. neighbourhood
b. intensive b. district
c. poultry c. local council
4. Sea fishing near the coast in small 9. What is happening now is

boats and using nets is a. the future.
a. coastal fishing. b. the present.
b. deep-sea fishing. c. the past.
c. fish farming.
10. Thousands of years ago, people
5. People who work in a. travelled by boat.
do not make objects or products. b. travelled by train.
a. coastal fishing c. walked everywhere.
b. services
c. stockbreeding
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Answer key TERM assessments
Term 1 Assessment
1. Describe the movement of muscles and bones in A and B.
In A, when the biceps contracts the arm bends at the elbow.
In B, when the triceps contracts the arm stretches.
2. Tick the correct option.

The lower limbs are the legs.
Sight Hearing Smell Taste Touch

Sense organ(s) eyes ears nose tongue skin
This sense allows shape, colour and size the characteristics
sounds smells flavours
you to capture… of objects of things you touch
4. What function does the brain have in the sense of sight? Explain.
The information that the eyes capture is sent to the brain through the optic nerve.
The brain receives and interprets the information.
5. Complete.
• The life process of sensitivity is the ability of living things to respond to changes in the environment.
• During the life process of nutrition living things take in food and absorb essential nutrients.
• The life process of reproduction is the ability of all living things to produce new living things of their own kind.
6. Write two examples of how plants interact with the environment.

M.A. Plants grow towards light, which is necessary for photosynthesis. Plant roots grow towards water,
which is necessary for photosynthesis.

T Mammals are viviparous animals which breathe through lungs.
F Reptiles are viviparous animals which breathe through lungs.
T Birds are oviparous animals which breathe through lungs.
T Adult amphibians breathe through lungs and through their skin.
F Fish are viviparous animals which breathe through gills.
8. Answer.
• How do dolphins breathe? Dolphins swim to the surface to breathe in oxygen from the air.
They are mammals and they have lungs.
• What animal group do bats belong to? Bats are flying mammals.
• What type of reptiles does not have four legs? Snakes.
• What group of animals has scales and breathes through gills? Fish.
9. Complete.
• The bodies of insects have three parts: the head,
the thorax and the abdomen.
• The offspring of insects which have just hatched from their eggs are called larvae.
• The thorax of an insect contains six legs and four wings.

Invertebrate animals are classified into jellyfish, worms, molluscs and arthropods.
Term 1 Test
1. c, 2. a, 3. b, 4. a, 5. c, 6. a, 7. b, 8. a, 9. c, 10. c.
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Answer key TERM ASSESSMENTs
Term 2 Assessment
1. Classify these machines.
Simple machines: A. scissors, D. wheel, F. pulley
Compound machines: B. fan, C. telephone, E. drill
2. Look at the illustration. What type of machine it is?
M.A. It is a nutcracker. It is a simple machine. It is made of two levers joined together.
It works with one movement.
3. Why is the Sun important to the Earth?
Life on Earth is possible because the Sun provides Earth with light and heat.
4. Explain why this statement is not correct.
The Earth orbits the Sun. This movement causes the four seasons.
5. Write the change of state of water.
A. melting, B. evaporation, C. freezing
6. Describe the water cycle.
M.A. Water from the sea evaporates. Water vapor condenses and the tiny water droplets form clouds.
Wind moves the clouds over land. Water from clouds falls as rain, snow or hail. Rain falls in the rivers
and goes to the sea. Some rain goes into the ground as groundwater.
7. Write three properties of air.
M.A. Air is invisible. Air has weight. Air has no shape.
8. Answer.
• What is wind? Wind is the movement of air.
• Depending on the temperature, what can the weather be like? It can be hot or cold.
• What kinds of precipitation are there? Rain, snow and hail.
9. Match each feature with a type of landscape.
mountain landscape: summit, slope, foot
coastal landscape: cliff, peninsula, archipelago
10. Explain the difference between the course and the flow of a river.
The course is the journey of a river from the source to the mouth. The flow is the volume of water in a river.
Term 2 Test
1. a, 2. a, 3. a, 4. c, 5. a, 6. b, 7. a, 8. c, 9. a, 10. a.
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Answer key TERM ASSESSMENTs
Term 3 Assessment
1. Is it a village or a city?
It is a village.
2. Why is this sentence not correct? Read and explain.
M.A. Rural tourism is popular in rural areas, not in cities. Rural tourism is when tourists visit
the countryside and mountain villages.
3. Give two examples of each.
• Crop farming: food crops, industrial crops
• Stockbreeding: intensive farming, free-range farming
• Fishing: coastal fishing, deep-sea fishing
4. What does each type of industry make?
• Primary industries transform raw materials into other materials that are used by other industries.
• Consumer industries make products to sell directly.
• Technological industries use very modern machines to make new products, for example computers.
5. Write three examples of jobs in the service industry.
M.A. police officer, teacher, bus driver
6. What are means of communication? Explain and give an example.
We use means of communication to send information from one place to another. Means of communication
can be personal, for example letters or e-mails, or the media, for example television and newspaper.
7. Look at the diagram. Explain how a mayor is elected.
In local elections, the citizens of a town or city elect the councillors. The councillors then elect
one of their members to be the mayor.
8. Write two examples of each municipal service.
Sanitation services: M.A. street lighting and rubbish collection.
Cultural services: M.A. public libraries and organising town festivals.
Recreational services: M.A. maintaining municipal sports centres and swimming pools.
9. What documents can you use to find out about the history of your town?
You can use historical records, such as books or photographs.
10. Complete.
• Thousands of years ago, people lived in huts.
Nowadays, people live in houses and flats.
• Hundreds of years ago, people travelled by horse, by foot, by cart or by boat.
Nowadays people travel by cars, trains, boats and aeroplanes.
Term 3 Test
1. b, 2. c, 3. b, 4. a, 5. b, 6. a, 7. c, 8. c, 9. b, 10. c.
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FINAL ASSESSMENT
Name Date
1 Write A for animals or P for plants.

Eat other living things. Move from one place to another.
Grow towards light. Produce fruit.
Produce their own food. Have offspring.

Herbivore
Carnivore
Omnivore
4 Circle the words related to insects’ bodies.
legs abdomen trunk fins hair
thorax wings head limbs
5 What is the difference between vertebrate and invertebrate animals?

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6 Complete.
The Earth rotates on its axis. This movement is called .

It takes the Earth to complete a rotation.
The movement of the Earth around the Sun is called .
The Earth takes to complete a revolution around the Sun.
7 Complete the diagram.
freezing evaporation condensation melting

solid liquid gaseous

Consumer rights:

Election manifesto:

Assembly line:

9 Circle the odd one out.
crop irrigation plough cattle
council mayor wholesaler councillor
peninsula isthmus cape summit
10 Write two types of historical records.

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FINAL TEST
Name Date
1. Muscles and bones work together to

a. digest food. b. produce movement. c. protect the body from diseases.
2. The main stages of life are
a. childhood and youth.
b. adulthood, childhood and old age.
c. childhood, adolescence, adulthood and old age.
3. The part of the eye which captures light is
a. the retina. b. the pupil. c. the cornea.
4. The four numbered parts are
1 2
3 4
a. 1. pinna; 2. eardrum; 3. iris; 4. auditory nerve.

b. 1. pinna; 2. small bones; 3. eardrum; 4. cochlea.
c. 1. pinna; 2. eardrum; 3. small bones; 4. cochlea.
5. Three of the life processes are
a. nutrition, sensitivity and reproduction.
b. nutrition, eating and digestion.
c. reproduction, breathing and nutrition.
6. Animals carry out sensitivity through
a. nerves, sense organs and communication.
b. bones, joints and muscles.
c. the sense organs, muscles and the nervous system.
7. Vertebrate animals are divided into
a. mammals, reptiles, primates and snakes.
b. mammals, reptiles, birds, fish and amphibians.
c. mammals, insects, birds, frogs and dinosaurs.
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8. do not take care of their babies.

a. Kangaroos b. Birds c. Amphibians
9. Invertebrate animals are divided into
a. jellyfish, worms, molluscs and spiders.
b. jellyfish, worms, molluscs and arthropods.
c. jellyfish, flies and mussels.
10. The three numbered parts are 2
a. 1. head; 2. trunk; 3. legs. 3
b. 1. abdomen; 2. head; 3. thorax. 1
c. 1. head; 2. thorax; 3. abdomen.
11. Compound machines are made up of
a. many parts.
b. many rotating parts.
c. few parts.
12. Examples of simple machines are
a. wheels, motors and ramps.
b. motors, gears and circuits.
c. wheels, ramps and levers.
13. The Moon is
a. a star which orbits the Sun.
b. a satellite which orbits the Earth.
c. a planet in the Solar System.
14. The movements of the Earth are called
a. rotation and circulation.
b. rotation and revolution.
c. action and circulation.
15. Water exists in three different states:
a. liquid, gas and solid.
b. ice, water and oxygen.
c. melting, condensation and evaporation.
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16. Groundwater can form

a. aquifers and reservoirs.
b. underground rivers and aquifers.
c. oceans and seas.
17. The layer of gases that surrounds the Earth is
a. the atmosphere.
b. oxygen.
c. water vapour.
18. Climate is
a. the typical weather conditions each day.
b. the typical weather conditions in one area over several years.
c. the state of the atmosphere at a particular place and time.
19. The two numbered parts are
a. 1. cliff;
2. beach. 2
b. 1. archipelago;
2. peninsula.
c. 1. beach; 1
2. cliff.
20. Rivers that flow into other rivers are
a. tributaries.
b. reservoirs.
c. flood plains.
21. The three main parts of a city are
a. villages, towns and cities.
b. the historic centre, the modern district and the suburbs.
c. streets, pavements and the main square.
22. Housing estates have
a. houses that look very similar.
b. industries that look very similar.
c. houses that look very different.
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23. Dry crops

a. do not need a lot of water to grow.
b. grow with water from channels and sprinklers.
c. plough, water, fertilise, sow and harvest.
24. There are three types of industries:
a. factories, industrial estates and small businesses.
b. raw materials, manufactured products and industrial crops.
c. primary, consumer and technological.
25. Services can be
a. public or private.
b. wholesale or retail.
c. individual or personal.
26. Means of communication
a. provide services for tourists.
b. move people and goods.
c. send information from one place to another.
27. Local councils organise
a. means of communication.
b. trade.
c. municipal services.
28. The mayor of a town is elected by
a. the voters.
b. the citizens.
c. the councillors.
29. To measure long periods of time, people use
a. decades, centuries and millenniums.
b. days, weeks, months and years.
c. clocks and the calendars.
30. Hundreds of years ago, people lived in
a. towns and cities.
b. villages and castles.
c. huts.
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Answer key Final ASSESSMENT
1. Write A for animals or P for plants.

A Eat other living things.
P Grow towards light.
P Produce their own food.
A Move from one place to another.
P Produce fruit.
A Have offspring.
2. Write an example.
• Herbivore: M.A. rabbit, sheep
• Carnivore: M.A. eagle, lion
• Omnivore: M.A. human, pig
Left top to bottom: brain, stomach, muscle
Right top to bottom: lung, kidney, bone
4. Circle the words related to insects’ bodies.
Circle: legs, abdomen, thorax, wings, head
5. What is the difference between vertebrate and invertebrate animals? Vertebrate animals have a skeleton
made up of bones. Invertebrate animals do not have a backbone.
6. Complete.
• The Earth rotates on its axis. This movement is called rotation.
It takes the Earth a day / 24 hours to complete a rotation.
• The movement of the Earth around the Sun is called revolution. The Earth takes a year / 365 days
to complete a revolution around the Sun.
7. Complete the diagram.
Top row: melting, evaporation
Bottom row: freezing, condensation
8. Write a definition for these words.
• Consumer rights: laws to ensure consumers get products of good price and quality.
• Election manifesto: a document in which a candidate explains what they will do if they are elected.
• Assembly line: a production process where each worker makes only one part of a product and then passes
it on to another worker.
9. Circle the odd one out.
Circle: cattle, wholesaler, summit
10. Write two types of historical records.
Three options: pictorial, written, physical
Final Test
1. b, 2. c, 3. a, 4. b , 5. a, 6. c, 7. b, 8. c, 9. b, 10. c,
11. a, 12. c, 13. b, 14. b,
15. a, 16. b, 17. a, 18. b, 19. c, 20. b,
21. b, 22. a, 23. a, 24. c, 25. a, 26. c,
27. c, 28. c, 29. a, 30. b
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Bones
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Muscles
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189703 _ 0162-0184.indd 183 11/03/11 13:01
Top Science 3 is a collective work, conceived, designed and created by the Primary Education department at Santillana,
under the supervision of Enric Juan Redal and Vicki Caballero.
English adaptation: David Folkers and Samuel Jiménez

Managing editor: Sheila Tourle
Editorial team: Julie Davies, Jane Holt and Sheila Klaiber
Art director: José Crespo

Design coordinator: Rosa Marín
Design Team:
Interiors design: Jorge Gómez Tobar
Cover design: Pep Carrió
Cover illustration: Javier Vázquez
Design development coordinator: Javier Tejeda
Design development: José Luis García and Raúl de Andrés
Technical director: Ángel García Encinar

Technical coordinator: Marisa Valbuena
Layout: Hilario Simón and David de Pedro-Juan
Art coordination: Carlos Aguilera
Illustrations: Jorge Salas, El ojo del huracán, Ala de mosca, Miguel Ángel Giner, José Ignacio Gómez and José Santos.
Photo research: Amparo Rodríguez
Photographs: A. Toril; J. Lucas; J. Martin; S. Padura; HIGHRES PRESS STOCK; ISTOCKPHOTO; ARCHIVO SANTILLANA
All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system
or transmitted in any form, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise without the
prior permission in writing of the copyright holders. Any infraction of the rights mentioned
would be considered a violation of the intellectual property (Article 270 of the Penal Code).
If you need to photocopy or scan any fragment of this work, contact CEDRO
(Centro Español de Derechos Reprográficos, www.cedro.org).
However, the publisher grants permission for the photocopying of those pages marked
‘photocopiable’, for individual use or for use in classes taught by the purchaser only.
Under no circumstances may any part of this book be photocopied for resale.
© 2011 by Santillana Educación, S. L. / Richmond Publishing Richmond Publishing

Torrelaguna, 60. 28043 Madrid 58 St Aldates
Oxford OX1 ST
Richmond Publishing is an imprint
United Kingdom
of Santillana Educación, S. L.
PRINTED IN SPAIN
ISBN: 978-84-294-9228-6
CP: 189703
D.L.:
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Top Science 3 - Teacher&#39;s Resource Book

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Top Science 3 PRIMARY

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Reinforcement and extension worksheets

There are forty reinforcement worksheets. These materials constitute

1 Your body ReinfoRcement 1 Our skeleton EXTENSION

Name Date Name Date

All vertebrate animals have a skeleton.

2 Look at the diagram and write examples. sternum

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There are six double-page diagnostic tests. They are to be completed

9090 Top Science 3 PHOTOCOPIABLE

Individual results chart

Individual results chart INDIvIDuAL RESuLTS CHART

Yes NP* Comments Yes NP* Comments

Your body Machines, materials and energy

Name and locate some organs. Your neighbourhood

Living things Recognise some road safety rules.

Differentiate between living Time and directions

Recognise the properties of air. NP: Needs practice.

Identify and describe day and night.

Recognise the properties

Identify types of landscapes.

Identify landscape features.

Distinguish between natural

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Unit assessment worksheets

Unit test worksheets

Planet Earth TEST 7

Circle the correct option.

1. The Earth is 6. Asia is

2. The thin layer of air which surrounds 7. The Earth orbits

4. There are cardinal 9. The rotation of the Earth causes

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At the end of the Activity Book,

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Blank illustrations . . . . . . . . . 181-182

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1 Label the body parts.

2 Look at the diagram and write examples.

An organ inside your head 

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1 Use the key and colour the diagram.

2 Complete the sentences.

form the skeleton.

3 Write the names of the joints.

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adolescence old age childhood adulthood

◾ Now, write the stages of life in order.

2 Read and circle the correct description.

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1 Label the parts of the eye.

2 Complete the sentences.

First, light passes through the c . It is transparent.

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1 Colour the words related to hearing.

optic nerve retina inner ear pinna

2 Label the parts of the ear.

ear drum pinna small bones cochlea

The ear drum vibrates when sound reaches it.

The cochlea sends the information to the brain.

The small bones receives the sound vibrations.

Top Science 3 - Teacher's Resource Book

Top Science 3 - Teacher's Resource Book

An organ inside your head

sense organs The