Corollary 1 Algorithm 2 UNIVERSIDAD CENTRAL DEL ECUADOR

FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA QUÍMICA

CARRERA DE INGENIERÍA QUÍMICA
Investigación Operativa
Nombre: Talia Calderon
Distancia entre una esfera y un plano.
1. Fórmula esfera: (a 1)2 + (b 1)2 + (c 1)2 = 1
2. Fórmula plano: x y + z = 3
Función objetivo:
d2 = (x2 x1 )2 + (y2 y1 )2 + (z2 z1 )2
f (x; y; z; a; b; c) = d2 = (x a)2 + (y b)2 + (z c)2
Restricciones
2 2 2
g(a; b; c) = (a 1) + (b 1) + (c 1) = 1
h(x; y; z) = x y + z = 3
Función Lagrangiana:
F = f (x; y; z; a; b; c) + ( g(x; y; z) C1 ) + (h(x; y; z) C2 )
2 2 2
L = (x a)2 + (y b)2 + (z c)2 + ((a 1) + (b 1) + (c 1) 1)+ (x
y + z 3)

Derivadas Parciales.
@((x a) +(y b) +(z c)2 + ((a 1)2 +(b
2 2
1)2 +(c 1)2 1)+ (x y+z 3))
@x = 2x 2a +
@((x a)2 +(y b)2 +(z c)2 + ((a 1)2 +(b 1)2 +(c 1)2 1)+ (x y+z 3))
@y = 2y 2b
@((x a)2 +(y b)2 +(z c)2 + ((a 1)2 +(b 1)2 +(c 1)2 1)+ (x y+z 3))
@z = 2z 2c +
@((x a)2 +(y b)2 +(z c)2 + ((a 1)2 +(b 1)2 +(c 1)2 1)+ (x y+z 3)) 2
@ = a 2a +
b2 2
2b + c2 2c + 2
@((x a) +(y b) +(z c)2 + ((a 1)2 +(b 1)2 +(c 1)2 1)+ (x y+z 3))
2

@a = 2a 2x
2 + 2a
@((x a)2 +(y b)2 +(z c)2 + ((a 1)2 +(b 1)2 +(c 1)2 1)+ (x y+z 3))
@b = 2b 2y
2 + 2b
@((x a)2 +(y b)2 +(z c)2 + ((a 1)2 +(b 1)2 +(c 1)2 1)+ (x y+z 3))
@c = 2c 2z
2 + 2c
@((x a)2 +(y b)2 +(z c)2 + ((a 1)2 +(b 1)2 +(c 1)2 1)+ (x y+z 3))
@ = x y+z 3
Sistema De Ecuaciones:
2x 2a + = 0
2y 2b =0
2z 2c + = 0
a2 2a + b2 2b + c2 2c + 2 = 0
, Solution is
2a 2x 2 + 2a = 0
2b 2y 2 + 2b = 0
2c 2z 2 + 2c = 0
x y+z 3=0
p p
a = 52 p 12 3z 2 + 10z 9 21 z; b = 12 z p21 3z 2 + 10z 9 21 ; c = z;
: 5 1 1 1 1 ;
x= 2 2 3z 2 + 10z 9 2 z; y = 2 z 2 3z 2 + 10z 9 21 ; = 0; = 0

1
 p p
a =p 12 3z 2 + 10z 9 21 z + 52 ; b = 12 z +p12 3z 2 + 10z 9 21 ; c = z;
1 1 5 1 1 ;
x= 2 2
3z + 10z 9 2 z + 2 ; y = 2 z + 2 3z + 10z 9 21 ; = 0; = 0
2
p p p p
a = 16 i 6 + 53 ; b = 16 i 6 + 13 ; c = 53 ; x = 16 i 6 + 53 ; y = 16 i 6 + 13 ; = 0; = 0; z = 53 ;
p p p p
a = 53 16 i 6; b = 13 16 i 6; c = 53 ; x = 53 16 i 6; y = 13 61 i 6; = 0; = 0; z = 53 ;
p p p p p
a = 13 3 + 1; b = 1 13 3; c = 13 3 + 1; x = 35 ; y = 13 ; = 23 3 1; = 23 3 43 ; z = 53 ;
p p p p p
a = 1 31 3; b = 13 3 + 1; c = 1 31 3; x = 35 ; y = 13 ; = 32 3 1; = 23 3 43 ; z = 53

Soluciones Reales
p para puntos
p críticos:p p p
P1 : a = 13 3 + 1; b = 1 13 3; c = 31 3 + 1; x = 53 ; y = 31 ; = 23 3 1; = 23 3 4
3; z = 5
;
p p p p p 3
P2 : a = 1 31 3; b = 13 3 + 1; c = 1 13 3; x = 53 ; y = 31 ; = 23 3 1; = 23 3 4
3; z = 5
3

Puntos Criticos
P1 (x; y; z; a; p b; c; ; ) p p p p
P1 ( 53 ; 13 ; 53 ; 13 3 + 1; 1 1
3 3; 31 3 + 1; 23 3 1; 23 3 4
3)

P2 (x; y; z; a; b; c; p; ) p p p p
P2 ( 53 ; 13 ; 53 ; 1 13 3; 13 3 + 1; 1 1
3 3; 2
3 3 1; 2
3 3 4
3)

Segunda derivadas parciales.

2 2 2
L = (x a)2 + (y b)2 + (z c)2 + ((a 1) + (b 1) + (c 1) 1)+ (x
y + z 3)

@ 2 ((x a)2 +(y b)2 +(z c)2 + ((a 1)2 +(b 1)2 +(c 1)2 1)+ (x y+z 3))
@x2 =2
@ 2 ((x a)2 +(y b)2 +(z c)2 + ((a 1)2 +(b 1)2 +(c 1)2 1)+ (x y+z 3))
@y@x =0
@ 2 ((x a)2 +(y b)2 +(z c)2 + ((a 1)2 +(b 1)2 +(c 1)2 1)+ (x y+z 3))
@z@x =0
@ 2 ((x a)2 +(y b)2 +(z c)2 + ((a 1)2 +(b 1)2 +(c 1)2 1)+ (x y+z 3))
@a@x = 2
@ 2 ((x a)2 +(y b)2 +(z c)2 + ((a 1)2 +(b 1)2 +(c 1)2 1)+ (x y+z 3))
@b@x =0
@ 2 ((x a)2 +(y b)2 +(z c)2 + ((a 1)2 +(b 1)2 +(c 1)2 1)+ (x y+z 3))
@c@x =0
@ 2 ((x a)2 +(y b)2 +(z c)2 + ((a 1)2 +(b 1)2 +(c 1)2 1)+ (x y+z 3))
@ @x =0

@ 2 ((x a)2 +(y b)2 +(z c)2 + ((a 1)2 +(b 1)2 +(c 1)2 1)+ (x y+z 3))
@ @x =1

@ 2 ((x a)2 +(y b)2 +(z c)2 + ((a 1)2 +(b 1)2 +(c 1)2 1)+ (x y+z 3))
@y 2 =2
@ 2 ((x a)2 +(y b)2 +(z c)2 + ((a 1)2 +(b 1)2 +(c 1)2 1)+ (x y+z 3))
@x@y =0
@ 2 ((x a)2 +(y b)2 +(z c)2 + ((a 1)2 +(b 1)2 +(c 1)2 1)+ (x y+z 3))
@z@y =0
@ 2 ((x a)2 +(y b)2 +(z c)2 + ((a 1)2 +(b 1)2 +(c 1)2 1)+ (x y+z 3))
@a@y =0
@ 2 ((x a)2 +(y b)2 +(z c)2 + ((a 1)2 +(b 1)2 +(c 1)2 1)+ (x y+z 3))
@b@y = 2
@ 2 ((x a)2 +(y b)2 +(z c)2 + ((a 1)2 +(b 1)2 +(c 1)2 1)+ (x y+z 3))
@c@y =0

2
@ 2 ((x a)2 +(y b)2 +(z c)2 + ((a 1)2 +(b 1)2 +(c 1)2 1)+ (x y+z 3))
@ @y =0

@ 2 ((x a)2 +(y b)2 +(z c)2 + ((a 1)2 +(b 1)2 +(c 1)2 1)+ (x y+z 3))
@ @y = 1

@ 2 ((x a)2 +(y b)2 +(z c)2 + ((a 1)2 +(b 1)2 +(c 1)2 1)+ (x y+z 3))
@z 2 =2
@ 2 ((x a)2 +(y b)2 +(z c)2 + ((a 1)2 +(b 1)2 +(c 1)2 1)+ (x y+z 3))
@x@z =0
@ 2 ((x a)2 +(y b)2 +(z c)2 + ((a 1)2 +(b 1)2 +(c 1)2 1)+ (x y+z 3))
@y@z =0
@ 2 ((x a)2 +(y b)2 +(z c)2 + ((a 1)2 +(b 1)2 +(c 1)2 1)+ (x y+z 3))
@a@z =0
@ 2 ((x a)2 +(y b)2 +(z c)2 + ((a 1)2 +(b 1)2 +(c 1)2 1)+ (x y+z 3))
@b@z =0
@ 2 ((x a)2 +(y b)2 +(z c)2 + ((a 1)2 +(b 1)2 +(c 1)2 1)+ (x y+z 3))
@c@z = 2
@ 2 ((x a)2 +(y b)2 +(z c)2 + ((a 1)2 +(b 1)2 +(c 1)2 1)+ (x y+z 3))
@ @z =0

@ 2 ((x a)2 +(y b)2 +(z c)2 + ((a 1)2 +(b 1)2 +(c 1)2 1)+ (x y+z 3))
@ @z =1

@ 2 ((x a)2 +(y b)2 +(z c)2 + ((a 1)2 +(b 1)2 +(c 1)2 1)+ (x y+z 3))
@a2 =2 +2
@ 2 ((x a)2 +(y b)2 +(z c)2 + ((a 1)2 +(b 1)2 +(c 1)2 1)+ (x y+z 3))
@x@a = 2
@ 2 ((x a)2 +(y b)2 +(z c)2 + ((a 1)2 +(b 1)2 +(c 1)2 1)+ (x y+z 3))
@y@a =0
@ 2 ((x a)2 +(y b)2 +(z c)2 + ((a 1)2 +(b 1)2 +(c 1)2 1)+ (x y+z 3))
@z@a =0
@ 2 ((x a)2 +(y b)2 +(z c)2 + ((a 1)2 +(b 1)2 +(c 1)2 1)+ (x y+z 3))
@b@a =0
@ 2 ((x a)2 +(y b)2 +(z c)2 + ((a 1)2 +(b 1)2 +(c 1)2 1)+ (x y+z 3))
@c@a =0
@ 2 ((x a)2 +(y b)2 +(z c)2 + ((a 1)2 +(b 1)2 +(c 1)2 1)+ (x y+z 3))
@ @a = 2a 2

@ 2 ((x a)2 +(y b)2 +(z c)2 + ((a 1)2 +(b 1)2 +(c 1)2 1)+ (x y+z 3))
@ @a =0

@ 2 ((x a)2 +(y b)2 +(z c)2 + ((a 1)2 +(b 1)2 +(c 1)2 1)+ (x y+z 3))
@b2 =2 +2
@ 2 ((x a)2 +(y b)2 +(z c)2 + ((a 1)2 +(b 1)2 +(c 1)2 1)+ (x y+z 3))
@x@b =0
@ 2 ((x a)2 +(y b)2 +(z c)2 + ((a 1)2 +(b 1)2 +(c 1)2 1)+ (x y+z 3))
@y@b = 2
@ 2 ((x a)2 +(y b)2 +(z c)2 + ((a 1)2 +(b 1)2 +(c 1)2 1)+ (x y+z 3))
@z@b =0
@ 2 ((x a)2 +(y b)2 +(z c)2 + ((a 1)2 +(b 1)2 +(c 1)2 1)+ (x y+z 3))
@a@b =0
@ 2 ((x a)2 +(y b)2 +(z c)2 + ((a 1)2 +(b 1)2 +(c 1)2 1)+ (x y+z 3))
@c@b =0
@ 2 ((x a)2 +(y b)2 +(z c)2 + ((a 1)2 +(b 1)2 +(c 1)2 1)+ (x y+z 3))
@ @b = 2b 2

@ 2 ((x a)2 +(y b)2 +(z c)2 + ((a 1)2 +(b 1)2 +(c 1)2 1)+ (x y+z 3))
@ @b =0

@ 2 ((x a)2 +(y b)2 +(z c)2 + ((a 1)2 +(b 1)2 +(c 1)2 1)+ (x y+z 3))
@c2 =2 +2
@ 2 ((x a)2 +(y b)2 +(z c)2 + ((a 1)2 +(b 1)2 +(c 1)2 1)+ (x y+z 3))
@x@c =0
@ 2 ((x a)2 +(y b)2 +(z c)2 + ((a 1)2 +(b 1)2 +(c 1)2 1)+ (x y+z 3))
@y@c =0

3
@ 2 ((x a)2 +(y b)2 +(z c)2 + ((a 1)2 +(b 1)2 +(c 1)2 1)+ (x y+z 3))
@z@c = 2
@ 2 ((x a)2 +(y b)2 +(z c)2 + ((a 1)2 +(b 1)2 +(c 1)2 1)+ (x y+z 3))
@a@c =0
@ 2 ((x a)2 +(y b)2 +(z c)2 + ((a 1)2 +(b 1)2 +(c 1)2 1)+ (x y+z 3))
@b@c =0
@ 2 ((x a)2 +(y b)2 +(z c)2 + ((a 1)2 +(b 1)2 +(c 1)2 1)+ (x y+z 3))
@ @c = 2c 2

@ 2 ((x a)2 +(y b)2 +(z c)2 + ((a 1)2 +(b 1)2 +(c 1)2 1)+ (x y+z 3))
@ @c =0

@ 2 ((x a)2 +(y b)2 +(z c)2 + ((a 1)2 +(b 1)2 +(c 1)2 1)+ (x y+z 3))
@ 2
=0
@ 2 ((x a)2 +(y b)2 +(z c)2 + ((a 1)2 +(b 1)2 +(c 1)2 1)+ (x y+z 3))
@x@ =0
@ 2 ((x a)2 +(y b)2 +(z c)2 + ((a 1)2 +(b 1)2 +(c 1)2 1)+ (x y+z 3))
@y@ =0
@ 2 ((x a)2 +(y b)2 +(z c)2 + ((a 1)2 +(b 1)2 +(c 1)2 1)+ (x y+z 3))
@z@ =0
@ 2 ((x a)2 +(y b)2 +(z c)2 + ((a 1)2 +(b 1)2 +(c 1)2 1)+ (x y+z 3))
@a@ = 2a 2
@ 2 ((x a)2 +(y b)2 +(z c)2 + ((a 1)2 +(b 1)2 +(c 1)2 1)+ (x y+z 3))
@b@ = 2b 2
@ 2 ((x a)2 +(y b)2 +(z c)2 + ((a 1)2 +(b 1)2 +(c 1)2 1)+ (x y+z 3))
@c@ = 2c 2

@ 2 ((x a)2 +(y b)2 +(z c)2 + ((a 1)2 +(b 1)2 +(c 1)2 1)+ (x y+z 3))
@ @ =0

@ 2 ((x a)2 +(y b)2 +(z c)2 + ((a 1)2 +(b 1)2 +(c 1)2 1)+ (x y+z 3))
@ 2 =0
@ 2 ((x a)2 +(y b)2 +(z c)2 + ((a 1)2 +(b 1)2 +(c 1)2 1)+ (x y+z 3))
@x@ =1
@ 2 ((x a)2 +(y b)2 +(z c)2 + ((a 1)2 +(b 1)2 +(c 1)2 1)+ (x y+z 3))
@y@ = 1
@ 2 ((x a)2 +(y b)2 +(z c)2 + ((a 1)2 +(b 1)2 +(c 1)2 1)+ (x y+z 3))
@z@ =1
@ 2 ((x a)2 +(y b)2 +(z c)2 + ((a 1)2 +(b 1)2 +(c 1)2 1)+ (x y+z 3))
@a@ =0
@ 2 ((x a)2 +(y b)2 +(z c)2 + ((a 1)2 +(b 1)2 +(c 1)2 1)+ (x y+z 3))
@b@ =0

@ 2 ((x a)2 +(y b)2 +(z c)2 + ((a 1)2 +(b 1)2 +(c 1)2 1)+ (x y+z 3))
@c@ =0

@ 2 ((x a)2 +(y b)2 +(z c)2 + ((a 1)2 +(b 1)2 +(c 1)2 1)+ (x y+z 3))
@ @ =0
Matriz Hessiana jH(x; y; z; a; b; c; ; )j

4
 @2L @2L @2L @2L @2L @2L @2L @2L
@x2 @x@y @x@z @x@a @x@b @x@c @x@ @x@
@2L @2L @2L @2L @2L @2L @2L @2L
@y@x @y 2 @y@z @y@a @y@b @y@c @y@ @y@
@2L @2L @2L @2L @2L @2L @2L @2L
@z@x @z@y @z 2 @z@a @z@b @z@c @z@ @z@
@2L @2L @2L @2L @2L @2L @2L @2L
@a@x @a@y @a@z @a2 @a@b @a@c @a@ @a@
4= @2L @2L @2L @2L @2L @2L @2L @2L
@b@x @b@y @b@z @b@a @b2 @b@c @b@ @b@
@2L @2L @2L @2L @2L @2L @2L @2L
@c@x @c@y @c@z @c@a @c@b @c2 @c@ @c@
@2L @2L @2L @2L @2L @2L @2L @2L
@ @x @ @y @ @z @ @a @ @b @ @c @ 2 @ @
@2L @2L @2L @2L @2L @2L @2L @2L
@ @x @ @y @ @z @ @a @ @b @ @c @ @ @ 2

2 0 0 2 0 0 0 1
0 2 0 0 2 0 0 1
0 0 2 0 0 2 0 1
2 0 0 2 +2 0 0 2a 2 0 2
4= = 192a2 +
0 2 0 0 2 +2 0 2b 2 1
0 0 2 0 0 2 +2 2c 2 0
0 0 0 2a 2 2b 2 2c 2 0 0
1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
64a2 + 64ab 128ac 384a 2
64a +192b2 2 +128b2 +64bc 384b 2
384b +192c2 2
+64c2 384c 2

64c + 576 2 + 256 =

Determinante:
64 9 6b c a 6a 6b 6c + 3a2 + 3b2 + 3c2 + ab 2ac + bc + a2 + 2b2 + c2 + 4

Evaluación de p
los puntos en el determinante
p p de Matriz Hessiana p p
Punto1: a = 31 3 + 1; b = 1 31 3; c = 13 3 + 1; x = 53 ; y = 31 ; = 23 3 1; = 2
3 3 4
3; z = 5
3
p
64( 32 3 1) = 9: 900 8
0 p p p p p p p 2p 1
9( 23 3 1) 6(1 13 3) ( 13p 3 + 1) p( 13 3 + 1) 6( p
1
3 3 + 1)(
p
2
3 3 1) 6(1 1
3 3)( 3 3 1)
B 1 2 1 2 2 C
B p 26(23p 3 + 1)( 3 13p 1) + 3( 3 p3 + 1) ( 3 3 p 1)+ p C
@ 3(1 1
3) ( 3 1) + 3( 3 + 1) 2 2
( 3 1) + ( 1
3 + 1)(1 1
3) A
1
p 1
p3 3
1
p 1p 3 3p
1 2
3
1
p 2 3 1p 2
2( 3 3 + 1)( 3 3 + 1) + (1 3 3)( 3 3 + 1) + ( 3 3 + 1) + 2(1 3 3) + ( 3 3 + 1) + 4
= 0:464 1
(9:9008)(0:4641) =p4: 595 0 p p p p
Punto2: a = 1 13 3; b = 13 3 + 1; c = 1 13 3; x = 53 ; y = 31 ; = 23 3 1; = 23 3 34 ; z = 53
64 9 6b c a 6a 6b 6c + 3a2 + 3b2 + 3c2 + ab 2ac + bc + a2 + 2b2 + c2 + 4
p p p p p p
9( 3 3 1) 6( 3 3 + 1) (1 3 3) (1 13 3) 6(1 13 3)( 32 3
2 1 1
p p p p
1) 6( 13 3 + 1)( 32 3 1) 6(1 31 3)( 23 3 1)+
p p p p p p
3(1 31 3)2 ( 23 3 1) + 3( 13 3 + 1)2 ( 32 3 1) + 3(1 31 3)2 ( 32 3
p p p p
1) + (1 13 3)( 13 3 + 1) 2(1 31 3)(1 13 3)+
p p p p p
( 13 3 + 1)(1 13 3) + (1 13 3)2 + 2( 13 3 + 1)2 + (1 13 3)2 + 4) = 6:
464 1

5
 : x y z pa bp pc d H(x; y; z; a; b; c; ; ) g = 0 h = 0
P unto1 5
3
1
3
5
3
1
3 3+p 1 1 1
p3 3 1
3 3 +
p 1 0:1547 4:59 X X
P unto2 5
3
1
3
5
3 1 13 3 13 3 + 1 1 13 3 2:1547 6; 4641 X X

2 2 2
g(a; b; c) = (a 1) + (b 1) + (c 1) = 1
p 2 p 2 p 2
Punto 1 31 3 + 1 1 + 1 31 3 1 + 31 3 + 1 1 1=0
p 2 p 2 p 2
Punto 2 13 3 + 1 1 + 1 31 3 1 + 31 3 + 1 1 1=0
h(x; y; z) = x y + z = 3
Punto 1 53 13 + 53 3 = 0
Punto 2 53 13 + 53 3 = 0
2 2
Función objetivo: f (x; y; z) = d2 = (x a)2 + (y b) + (z c)
Distancia Mínima Punto 1
q p p 2 p
2 2
3 2
d = ( 53 3 1)2 + 13 1 + 31 3 + 53 13 3 1 = 0:154 7
Distancia Máxima Punto 2
q p p p 2
2 2
d = ( 53 1 + 31 3)2 + 31 13 3 1 + 53 1 + 13 3 = 2: 154 7

Signi…cado de los multiplicadores de la Lagrange

Los multiplicadores de Lagrange y nos indica como el máxiimo o mínimo
valor F cambia en
respuesta a un cambio en el valor de las cosntante. Entonces los multipli-
cadores de Lagrange
y nos da la taza de cambio del valor máximo F (o mínimo) con respecto a
las constantes.