JOINTS OF THE LOWER LIMB

S.no Joint Articulation Type Ligaments Blood supply Nerve supply Movements Clinical
anatomy
1. Sacroiliac Ilium and Synovial; plane in Anterior Superior Superior Anterior Ankylosing
joint sacrum childhood, sacroiliac L, gluteal gluteal N, innominate tilt, spondylitis,
increasingly interosseous arteries, ventral and Posterior sacroiliitis
fibrous in adults sacroiliac L, lateral sacral dorsal rami of innominate tilt,
posterior arteries, first 2 sacral Antagonist
sacroiliac L, iliolumbar nerves innominate tilt,
sacrotuberous L, arteries nutation, counter
sacrospinous L nutation
2. Pubic Pubic Cartilaginous, Anterior pubic L, Branches of Branches Angulation, Pubic
symphysis bones symphysis posterior pubic obturator, from rotation and symphysis
L, superior pubic superficial iliohypogastric displacement, dysfunction,
L, external ilioinguinal Moves 2 mm with Dislocation
Arcuate pubic L pudendal and and pudendal 1 degree rotation
inferior N
epigastric
arteries
3. Hip J Hip bone Synovial; ball and Intracapsular L – Medial Sciatic N, Flexion, Dislocation –
(coxal J) and femur socket Ligament of circumflex femoral N, extension, congenital or
head of femur, femoral A, obturator N abduction, acquired,
Extracapsular L – lateral adduction, lateral Avascular
Iliofemoral L, circumflex rotation, medial necrosis of
Ischiofemoral L femoral A, rotation femoral head,
and deep femoral Arthrosis
pubofemoral L A, artery to
the head of
femur,
superior
gluteal A,
inferior
Gluteal A
 JOINTS OF THE LOWER LIMB
4. Knee J Femur and Synovial; modified Patellar L, medial Genicular Femoral N, Flexion, Ligament
tibia hinge collateral L, anastomosis tibial N, Extension, lateral injuries,
lateral collateral common rotation, medial osteoarthrosis.
L, anterior peroneal N rotation Blown knee
cruciate L,
posterior
cruciate L
5. Patellofe- Patella and Synovial; plane Medial Superior Tibial N, Sliding Bipartite/multi
moral J femur patellofemoral L, medial and femoral N, articulation with partite patella,
lateral lateral common knee flexion and absent patella
patellofemoral L, geniculate A, fibular N, extension
lateral inferior obturator N
patellotibial L, medial and
lateral lateral
patellotibial L geniculate A,
descending
geniculate
branches
6. Superior Tibia and Synovial; plane Anterior and Inferior Common Gliding while the Dislocation
tibiofibula fibula posterior geniculate fibular N, kne moves Fracture
-r J superior arteries, nerve to
tibiofibular L, Anterior tibial popliteus
lateral collateral recurrent
L arteries
7. Distal Fibular Fibrous; Interosseous L, Branches of Deep 2 degree fibular High ankle
tibiofibula notch of syndesmosis anterior and fibular A, peroneal N, external rotation sprain,
-r J distal tibia posterior inferior anterior and tibial N relative to tibia, tibiofibular
and fibula tibiofibular L, posterior Widens about diastasis,
inferior tibial A 1mm from end Ankle fracture
transverse range plantar
tibiofibular L flexion to end
range dorsiflexion
 JOINTS OF THE LOWER LIMB
8. Ankle Tibia and Synovial; hinge Medial or deltoid Malleolar Tibial N, Plantar flexion, Ankle sprain,
J(talocrur- fibula with L, lateral L – branches of superficial dorsiflexion, pott’s fracture
al talus anterior anterior tibial and deep
articulatio talofibular L, A and fibular N
-n) posterior posterior
talofibular L, tibial A
calcaneofibular L
9. Subtalar J Talus and Synovial; plane Calcaneo fibular Posterior Medial Eversion, Calcaneal
(talocalca calcaneus L, cervical L, tibial A, plantar N, inversion fracture
neal J) deltoid L, fibular A lateral plantar
Posterior N, deep
talocalcaneal L, fibular N
Medial
talocalcaneal L,
lateral
talocalcaneal L,
interosseous
talocalcaneal L
10. Talocalcan Talus with Synovial; plane Interosseous Anterior tibial Deep Gliding Sprain
eo calcaneus talocalcaneal L, A, posterior peroneal N, Fracture
navicular J and anterior tibial A, medial plantar
navicular talocalcaneal L, fibular A, N, lateral
bone posterior anastomosis plantar N
talocalcaneal L, around the
lateral subtalar joint
talocalcaneal L,
medial
talocalcaneal L
 JOINTS OF THE LOWER LIMB
11. Tarsomet 1st Synovial; plane Dorsal L, plantar Plantar Medial Flexion, extension Fracture
atarsal metatarsal L, interosseous L metatarsal A, plantar N, Arthrosis
joints with first dorsal lateral plantar
(lisfranc cuneiform, metatarsal A, N, deep
joints) 2nd medial peroneal N,
metatarsal plantar A
between
first and
third
cuneiforms
, 3rd
metatarsal
with third
cuneiform,
4th
metatarsal
with the
cuboid and
third
cuneiform,
5th
metatarsal
with
cuboid
12. Metatarso Metatarsal Synovial, condylar Plantar L, Dorsal Plantar digital Flexion, Arthrosis,
phalangea s and collateral metatarsal A, N, deep extension, sress injury
lJ proximal Ligaments, deep plantar peroneal N, abduction,
phalanges transverse metatarsal A, medial dorsal adduction,
metatarsophalan medial cutaneous N, circumduction
geal L plantar A lateral dorsal
cutaneous N
 JOINTS OF THE LOWER LIMB
13. Interphala Adjacent Synovial; hinge Volar L, Dorsal digital Plantar Flexion, extension Dislocation
ngeal J phalanx collateral L, arteries interdigital N Jammed
palmar L, fingers
transverse
retinacular L

J – Joint

L – Ligament

A – Artery

N – Nerve

All the very best …..

From R. Vijayapradeep MPT…