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AUG. 15 2011

AC Machine (Alternators)
AC Machine (Motors)

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Alternator consists of a stator and a rotor

mounted on bearings and separated from
the stator by air gap.

Stator
• Made up of laminations usually 0.014 to 0.25 inches thick.
• These can be insulated by a varnish coating but more frequently by
an oxide produced by heat treatment.
• This is the part that is connected AC source/supply.

Rotor
• Made up of sheet steel laminations.
• In general, the same material is used as in the stator, but with a
thicker laminations that can be use without excessive iron loss.

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Types of AC Machines

1. Revolving Armature Alternators

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2. Revolving Field Alternators

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Parts of AC Machines

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How AC Machine is made

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AC Machine Classification

1. Synchronous Generator. Its speed is called synchronous speed and it is

used in almost all types of applications.
2. Induction Generator (also called Asynchronous Generator). It is an induction motor
which run as a generator with the speed above the synchronous speed. Its power
factor is leading and usually connected in parallel with synchronous generator in
order to supply power and lighting loads.
3. Induction Alternator . It generates voltages at higher frequencies (500Hz to
10,000Hz). It is used to supply power to induction furnaces in order to heat and melt
alloys and steel.

Prime Movers to AC Generators

• For large AC Generators

Internal combustion engines
Hydraulic turbine
Steam turbine
Gas turbine

• For small AC Generators

Internal combustion engines

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Thank
You for listening!
Let’s discuss AC Motors...
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AC Machine (Alternators)
AC Machine (Motors)
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AC Machine Classification

Induction Motor

• A 3Φ AC motor whose rotor field is induced by currents flowing thru the stator.
• The rotor circuit has no connection whatsoever to the supply circuit. So there is no need for
slip rings or brushes which tends to
wear out.
• The speed of this motor is less than the
synchronous speed and it operates with
a lagging pf.

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Types of 3Φ Induction Motor

1. Squirrel Cage Rotor Type

Its rotor is self contained and resembles a birds cage. The rotor conductors are
permanently short circuited by end rings.

Speed Characteristic:
nearly constant , adjustable, or variable

Torque Characteristic:
in general, it has medium starting torque

Uses:
blower, pump, compressor, prime mover
of dc generators

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2. Wound Rotor Type

Its rotor has insulated coils of wire and resembles a dc armature. The rotor
conductors are connected to slip rings and shorted thru the bushes.

Speed Characteristic:
variable

Torque Characteristic:
high starting torque

Uses:
hoist, crane, conveyor,
escalator, elevator, pump

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Synchronous Motor
• A 3Φ AC motor whose rotor is in step or in unison with the phase of the alternating
current that operates.
• The speed of this motor is constant called synchronous speed.
• The only way to change the speed of the synchronous motor
is to change the frequency.
• This motor has 3 windings:
Armature (stator) winding which is connected to an ac source.
Field (rotor) winding which is connected to a dc source
Squirrel cage winding which is
placed in the rotor.

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Difference between Synchronous Motor and Induction Motor

• The rotating stator of the synchronous motor is identical to that of the induction motor.
The primary difference in the two motors is in the rotor.
• The induction motor has a rotor that is electrically isolated from a supply, and the
synchronous motor uses a magnet to follow the rotating stator field.

Uses:
 For constant speed drives like
pump, blower, compressor, prime
mover of dc generator.
 For power factor correction
 For voltage regulation of long
transmission lines.

Single Phase (1Φ) AC Motor

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1Φ AC Motor Classification

1. Squirrel Cage Rotor Induction Motor

It has a stator windings, the main and auxillary windings.

Uses : compressor, refrigerator, air conditioning unit, small fan, toys

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2. Commutator Type

Its rotor is a dc armature. It can be operated using AC or DC source.

Uses : sewing machine, portable tool, vacuum cleaner, floor polisher,

oil burner, grinder, pump, fan, refrigerator, compressor,
gasoline pump

3. Synchronous Motor

This machine is a very small motor without dc excitation.

Uses : timer, recording instruments

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Torque Developed in 3Ø Induction Motor

Torque Equation
2π T (Speed)
Hp =
33,000
where
T --- torque in ft-lbs
Speed --- rotational speed in rpm
Hp --- (power in watts)/746

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Let’s have our final review on AC Machines

Thank
You for listening!
Let’s have our 2nd Short Quiz on next meeting...
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