CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

This study used the developmental method of research that seeks to create knowledge
grounded in data systematically derived from practice. It is a practical type of research that offers a way
test 'theory' that has been only hypothesized and to validate practice that has been continuing
essentially through unchallenged tradition. In addition, it is a way to establish new procedures,
techniques and tools.

And the said study also used experimental method of research, the preliminary activities in this
method is about the different factor that affects the drying of wet umbrella such as heat being supplied.

The chapter presents the principles, methods and process used for production of dryer for drying
umbrellas.

RESEARCH PROCEDURE

The researcher came up with the title, "EFFECTIVITY OF DRYING UMBRELLAS BY FORCE
CONVECTION" with the aim to design a device called -UMBRELLA DRYER" to determine how effective
this set-up can be.

First, the researcher gathered information on materials that are being used for drying. After
gathering, planning of the design was conducted.

After planning, the researcher prepared the materials needed for the set up of the
experimentation and created the instrument right away.

When the device is ready, the researcher proceeds to the experimentation. The researcher
observed the results and tabulated it along with the other data gathered. The researcher came up with
the proper results and recommendations related to the study.
MATERIALS USED FOR FABRICATION

Table 1: Materials used for fabrication

Materials Purpose Specification Quantity Cost (Php)

Nichrome Wire Heating coil 1000W capacity 1 pc. 45.00

Fans
Power adapter
Good lumber
Plywood
Screen Wire
Aluminum Foil
Foam
Electrical Tape
Outlet
Lock
i/o switch
Total
TOOLS USED FOR FABRICATION

 Plies
 Hammer
 Screwdriver
 Wood saw

CONSTRUCTION OF THE PROTOTYPE

The researcher construct the “umbrella dryer” based on the desired design.

Collection of raw materials

FABRICATION

1. Measuring
2. Cutting
3. Boring
4. Assembly of Components

Figure 3: The Process Flow in the construction of Umbrella Dryer

DATA GATHERING PROCEDURES

The experiment is about drying a soaking wet umbrella inside the chamber of the UMBRELLA DRYER.
The researchers also conducted an experiment about drying the umbrella in the natural way just to
know how long it takes to dry umbrella in the natural way. The experiment conducted using the
UMBRELLA DRYER has two procedures to ensure every parameter in the design will be tackled. The
principles were thoroughly studied, the experiments were conducted and the results were gathered,
tabulated and analysed.

The experiments were conducted simultaneously on a rainy day. The researcher compared the length of
time it took for the umbrella to dry in the natural way and using the umbrella dryer following the given
procedures.

A. Drying a soaking wet umbrella in a natural way.

Research Procedure:

1. Get a soaking wet umbrella.

2. Put it in a place where it will not be affected by external factors.
3. Wait it to dry and record the time.

Data Gathering Procedure:

1. Record the time it took for the umbrella to reach an acceptable dryness.

B. Drying a soaking wet umbrella in the Umbrella Dryer.

Research Procedure:

1. Get a soaking wet umbrella.

2. Put it inside the Umbrella Dryer and let it rest.
3. Wait it to dry and record the time.

Data Gathering Procedure:

1. Record the time it took for the umbrella to reach an acceptable dryness.
 C. Drying a soaking wet umbrella in the Umbrella dryer while shaking it.

Research Procedure:

1. Get a soaking wet umbrella.

2. Put it inside the Umbrella Dryer.
3. Shake it while inside the Umbrella Dryer.
4. Wait it to dry and record the time.

Data Gathering Procedure:

1. Record the time it took for the umbrella to reach an acceptable dryness.
The procedures are conducted twice on each method and results are then recorded and evaluated by
the researchers.

Experiment Results

A. Drying in natural way

1st Trial
2nd Trial
B. Drying inside the Umbrella Dryer
1st Trial
2nd Trial
C. Drying inside the Umbrella Dryer while shaking
1st Trial
2nd Trial

D. Computing for the Cost of Electric Consumption.

Power Consumption = (Power Consumption of Nichrome Wire + Power Consumption of 2 Fans)

x (Time of Drying in Hours)

Cost of Electric Consumption = (Power Consumption) x (Price per kWhr)

STATISTICAL TOOLS AND ANALYSIS
The data collected by researchers from each procedure with several trials were
analysed by getting the mean of the results. It was used as basis for computation. The statistical
tools and analysis that will be used is Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test.
ANOVA is a collection of statistical models and their associated procedures (such
as “variation” among and between groups) used to analyze differences among group means
The one-way, or one-factor, ANOVA test for independent measure is designed to
compare the means of three or more independent samples (treatments) simultaneously.

ANOVA using formulas:

SS = the sum of squares due to the source

SS = ∑(𝑥 − 𝑥̅ )2 where:
x = mean of the group sample
𝑥̅ = the mean of the total sample

DF – the degrees of freedom in the source

For Factor:

DF = k – 1 where: k = total data points collected

For Error:
DF = N – k where: N = groups being compared

MS - the mean sum of squares due to the source

MS = SS/DF

F – statistic
F = MSf/MSe where:
MSf = mean sum of squares of factors
MSe = mean sum of squares of erros

P-value = by comparing the F-statistic to an F-distribution with k – 1 numerator degrees of

freedom and N – k denominator degrees of freedom.
P-value ≤ α: the differences between some of the means are statistically significant
P-value ≥ α: the differences between the means are not statistically significant
ANOVA using Excel
To perform a single factor ANOVA in excel follow these simple steps
 Go to Data Tab
 Click Data Analysis
 Select ANOVA: Single factor and click Ok
 Click the Input Range box and select the range
 Click the Output range box and select the output range and click Ok
 You will get the result displayed in the excel sheet
 If F is greater than F crit then the null hypothesis is rejected
 Chapter 4

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Based on the experiments made by the researchers, the following data and observations were gathered.
Thus, the results/findings from the conducted experiments are presented and interpreted in this
chapter.

DATA SUMMARY FOR THE EXPERIMENTAL RUNS

The table shows the effectiveness of the UMBRELLA DRYER in terms of the time of
drying until reaching an acceptable dryness.

Table 2: Results of Conducted Experiments

Experiment Results

A. Drying in natural way

1st Trial 1 hour, 32 mins
2nd Trial 1 hour, 56 mins
B. Drying inside the Umbrella Dryer
1st Trial 15 mins, 16 secs
nd
2 Trial 13 mins, 52 secs
C. Drying inside the Umbrella Dryer while shaking
1st Trial 6 mins, 16 secs
2nd Trial 5 mins, 30 secs

Cost of Electric Consumption = 1.70 Php for a 10-mins drying time

STATISCTICAL ANALYSIS

Using ANOVA via Excel

Input data:

Experiment 1 Experiment 2 Experiment 3

Trial 1 5520 916 376
Trial 2 6960 832 330

ANOVA: Single Factor

SUMMARY

Groups Count Sum Average Variance

Experiment 1 2 12480 6240 1036800
Experiment 2 2 1748 874 3528
Experiment 3 2 706 353 1058

Source of SS DF MS F P-value F crit

variation
Factor 4281444 2 21240722 61.189766 0.003701 9.552094
Error 1041386 3 347128.6667
Total 43522830 5

The tables show that F is significantly greater than F-critical, it means that drying umbrellas in the
Umbrella Dryer is significantly different than the natural way of drying umbrellas, in other words, drying
umbrellas by force convection is sufficiently effective
 Chapter 5

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter enumerates the importance of the study. It contains the summary, conclusions and
recommendations formulated from the results of the study.

SUMMARY

This study aimed to identify the optimum design, develop and construct a device for drying umbrellas
the least possible time of drying. Several experiments have been conducted to determine which
parameters would best fit into the designed prototype.

The device is designed for drying umbrellas at the least possible time of drying. The modifications were
done by the researchers.

The first experiment was done by letting a soaking wet umbrella to dry in the natural way.

The second experiment was conducted by using the UMBRELLA DRYER and drying a soaking wet
umbrella inside it, to determine how effective the device is compared to the natural way of drying. It
was found out that the UMBRELLA DRYER is effective enough compared to the natural way of drying but
the time of drying exceeded its expected time limit.

In the third experiment, the researchers wanted to know how to make the UMBRELLA DRYER more
effective in drying at the least possible time by shaking the umbrella while inside the dryer. It was found
out that the umbrella dried faster than in the first two experiments.

CONCLUSION

The device called “UMBRELLA DRYER” has three (3) major parts: the nichrome wire for the source of
heat, the fans that create the airflow and the casing for the enlocsure. Every part has its own purpose
and is recommended by the researchers based on the study. This device can be beneficial for the
umbrella users. The present study has succesully demonstrated the effectiveness of drying umbrellas by
force convection using the Umbrella Dryer. In the course of this study, the following conclusions are
made:

1. The design of the UMBRELLA DRYER is effective enough in drying umbrella to its acceptable
dryness.
2. The performance of the UMBRELLA DRYER in terms of time is not practical enough. Using a fan
with a higher airflow can increase the heat being supplies to the umbrella. Decreasing the time
of drying increases the dryer’s effectiveness
3. The cose of operation in terms of the cost of electric consumption is very low. It only means that
operations cost for this project is acceptable

RECOMMENDATIONS

The present study has successfully demonstrated the production of UMBRELLA DRYER. However,
this study is far from complete. To achieve the optimum time of drying for umbrellas, it is
recommended that the following should be taken under considerations:

1. Improvement on the design can be considered to maximize the drying capability of the device.

2. Utilizing a fan with higher airflow can increase the heat being supplied to the umbrella, thus,
decreasing the time of drying and improving the performance

3 Increase in number of fans or using a nichrome wire that gives off higher temperature can be
considered since the cost of electric consumption is significantly acceptable
 APPENDIX A

Materials Used for Fabrication

squirty bulbadog

Char

pikachu