Flow Meters and flow measurement

A B R I E F H I S T O R Y O F
became known to people as early as a
thousand years ago! Here's a brief history of
the Flow Meters.

1790
FLOW The very first turbine meters
credited to Woltmann for
calculating the loss of energy in
open canals. It would be true to say
METERS that these were used for counting
or totalising flow rather than
providing an instantaneous rate
display or output.
1896
Hershel in the USA devised the
Venturi device to effectively 1908
measure water flow in open Ultrasonic flow meters were being
channels.  utilized to measure liquid air flow
1911-1912 velocity, but they did not achieve
American Hungarians Tollbar good results.
devised a new theory called the
Tollbar vortex. 
1945
Turbine, first drawn up in 1790,
commercially available post
1952 Second World War.
Electromagnetic, proven by
Faraday but commercially
produced.
1955
 Maxon created the sound cycling
method to accurately measure flow
1960 in aviation fuel.
The creation of instruments that
leaned towards miniaturization and
precision.
1963
Ultrasonic commercially
produced.

1969
The van Karmann effect of the
generation of alternate vortices
past a bluff body commercially,
famously spotted by Leonardo
da Vinci in 1504. 1970's
Thermal, hot wire anemometers
were used from the early 1900s,
1977 commercially  available.
Coriolis, inertial force was first
formulated by Gustave Coriolis in
1835 but MicroMotion didn’t
release a commercial unit .
1989
15 million flow meters were
mounted. 
2003
Sonar, unconventional and
measures turbulence.
20th century
Variable Area, available for most
of the 20th century.