Works Cited

Amadeo, Kimberly. "NASA Budget, Current Funding, History, and Economic Impact." ​thebalance.com​,

Dotdash, 7 Sept. 2018, www.thebalance.com/nasa-budget-current-funding-and-history-3306321.

The article by The Balance discusses the NASA budget for 2019. This article points out how

NASA adds money to the Economy, but only receives a fraction of the federal budget. The

Balance article supports the idea that federal funding for space programs is inadequate, despite its

economic benefits.

Bezos, Jeff. Interview. By Mathias Döpfner. 28 Apr. 2018. This interview with Blue Origin founder Jeff

Bezos provides insight into why he believes that space exploration is so important. As an

individual with an interest in the privatization of space, Bezos' interview is important for our

research on private space technology.

"Buzz Aldrin Interview - The Space Race and The Cold War." ​Youtube.com​, uploaded by Mat

Shackleton, 23 July 2013, www.youtube.com/watch?v=0x00qHRDuWw. The Buzz Aldrin

interview discussed the teamwork that went into conducting successful Apollo missions, and

placing a man on the moon. Aldrin spoke of how despite setbacks, NASA continued to be pioneer

in space exploration. While NASA had the resources and people working on missions and

projects, the knowledge of the moon and space expanded greatly.

Charles Bolden on Private Enterprise in Space​. Directed by Neil DeGrasse Tyson, National Geographic,

2015. ​Youtube​, Google, youtu.be/727RVWjhiA0. Accessed 1 Jan. 2019. Charles Bolden was the

NASA administrator and his opinions about private space technology provide insight into our

topic. This interview shows changes in how space privatization has been seen in the past.

Davenport, Christian. "The Trump Administration Wants to Turn the International Space Station into a

Commercially Run Venture, NASA Document Shows." ​The Washington Post​, 11 Feb. 2018,

www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-switch/wp/2018/02/11/the-trump-administration-wants-to-tu
 rn-the-international-space-station-into-a-commercially-run-venture/?utm_term=.942f62959963.

Accessed 1 Jan. 2019. This secondary source is important because it outlines the plans of the

Trump administration to privatize space travel. It also talks about how the budget for NASA is

being increased so they have more connections before the federal government cuts off funding in

2024. This source supports the idea that federal funding for space programs is changing and

attests to the power the administration has over space travel.

DNEWS. "Apollo 18: The Lost Apollo Missions." ​Seeker.com​, 2 Sept. 2011,

www.seeker.com/apollo-18-the-lost-apollo-missions-1765394349.html. Accessed 1 Nov. 2018.

"Apollo 18: The Lost Apollo Missions" is an online article written by DNEWS. The article details

canceled Apollo missions, and what caused the American space spirit to be lost. This article

explores how after the Americans "won" the space race against the Soviet Union, public interest

in NASA began to decline. The newly established Nixon Administration was also vocally against

space exploration. Thus, the last three Apollo missions were canceled and as a result, America

lost opportunities to gain more knowledge about the moon.

Döpfner, Mathias. "Jeff Bezos Reveals What It's like to Build an Empire and Become the Richest Man in

the World." ​Business Insider,​ Axel Springer SE, 28 Apr. 2018,

www.businessinsider.com/jeff-bezos-interview-axel-springer-ceo-amazon-trump-blue-origin-fam

ily-regulation-washington-post-2018-4. Accessed 1 Jan. 2019. This article about Jeff Bezos' Blue

Origin project talks about what challenges individuals are facing with funding space projects. It

compares private and government space interests.

Frost, Robert. "The Pros And Cons Of Privatizing Space Exploration." ​Forbes​, 4 Apr. 2017,

www.forbes.com/sites/quora/2017/04/04/the-pros-and-cons-of-privatizing-space-exploration/#62

3268aa3319. Accessed 1 Jan. 2019. This Forbes article is useful to analyze the positive and
 negative impacts of the privatization of space technology. This perspective allows us to see what

individual interests there are in the matter.

Grady, Monica. "Private Companies Are Launching a New Space Race – Here's What to Expect."

Physics.org​, Science X, 3 Oct. 2017, phys.org/news/2017-10-private-companies-space.html.

Accessed 1 Jan. 2019. This article provides opinions about what negative impacts the

privatization of space will have on citizens. This source will keep our research relevant to the

audience.

History.com Editors, editor. "NASA Established" ["NASA Established"]. ​History.com,​ A&E Television

Networks, 13 Nov. 2009, www.history.com/this-day-in-history/nasa-established. Accessed 11

Nov. 2018. This article written and edited by History.com Editors explains the timeline of

American space exploration. This source supports our argument because it explains how the

launching of the first satellite to orbit around earth was by teh Soviet Union, thus making

America jealous and inspiring us to respond with space technology of our own.

Kenedy, Brian. "5 Facts about Americans' Views on Space Exploration" ["5 Facts about Americans'

Views on Space Exploration"]. ​Pew Research Center,​

www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/07/14/5-facts-about-americans-views-on-space-exploration

/. The article by Pew Research Center points out how many Americans support space travel, but

do not want to pay for it. It details surveys of American citizens who say they are optimistic about

space travel, and foresee advancements. The article supports the idea the funding for space

programs is not a priority for American citizens, while space programs themselves are.

Kennedy, John, et al. "Transcript of Presidential Meeting in the Cabinet Room of the White House."

History.nasa.gov​, Nasa.gov, history.nasa.gov/JFK-Webbconv/pages/transcript.pdf. Accessed 12

Nov. 2018. ​"Transcript of Presidential Meeting in the Cabinet Room of the White House"​ is

a transcription of a presidential budget meeting concerning NASA. The transcription shows the
 amount of money put in to fund space programs, and the willingness to give it. The transcription

can be compared with the subsequent slashing of the NASA budget and cutting of programs. The

transcription is a reference point to how space programs were viewed later on.

Kennedy, John F. "Moon Speech." Rice Stadium, 12 Sept. 1962, Houston, Texas. Speech. President John

F. Kennedy gave his famous "Moon Speech" which inspired the space race in 1962. This

transcript of the famous speech addresses why the President saw the need for the United States to

go to space, what the benefits would be, and the importance of the legacy of that historical

moment. This primary source supports our argument that America first went into space because

of intense competitive pressure from the enemy, the Soviet Union. Kennedy's quotes directly

support this argument, making this a valuable source.

Majority of Americans Say it is Essential for U.S. to Be a Leader in Space Exploration.​ 1 June 2018. ​Pew

Research Center​,

www.pewinternet.org/2018/06/06/majority-of-americans-believe-it-is-essential-that-the-u-s-remai

n-a-global-leader-in-space/ps_06-06-18_science-space-00/. Accessed 12 Nov. 2018. Manuscript.

This public support poll from 2018, released by the Pew Research Center, supports our claim.

This primary source shows how American support has actually increased, despite the decrease in

federal funding. This data provides a valuable insight into what Americans see as valuable for the

advancement of the United States.

Markovich, Steven J. "Space Exploration and U.S. Competitiveness." ​The Council on Foreign Relations​,

edited by Gideon Rose, 5 Dec. 2014,

www.cfr.org/backgrounder/space-exploration-and-us-competitiveness. Accessed 1 Nov. 2018.

This article from the Council on Foreign Relations is an important secondary source because it

summarizes why the United States created a space program. It also talks about the modern budget

for space and how that is impacting NASA. This article is important to understanding our main
 claim about why federal funding has decreased. Public opinion is a large part of our main claim

and Markovich's article provides evidence of decreasing support as well.

McCurdy, Howard. Interview. 13 Dec. 2018. This live interview helped us understand the nuances of

space technology in the past and how that relates to the present. Because we conducted the

interview, we could ask the questions that we wanted in order to gain insight.

Mosher, Dave. "NASA Just Gave $44 Million to 6 Private Companies to Develop 'Tipping Point' Space

Technologies." ​Business Insider​, 10 Aug. 2018,

www.businessinsider.com/nasa-tipping-point-private-space-exploration-funding-2018-8.

Accessed 1 Jan. 2019. This article analyzes how government funded and private space forces are

working together to achieve similar goals. This provides a new angle of looking at the changes

that are happening in where space funding comes from.

NASA as a Share of the Federal Budget Significantly Decreased over Time​. ​Pennsylvania Wharton,​ U of

Pennsylvania, 12 Dec. 2016,

publicpolicy.wharton.upenn.edu/live/news/1619-the-implications-of-the-privatization-of-space.

Accessed 1 Jan. 2019. This graph shows a significant decline in federal funding for space

programs. Instead of looking at raw numbers, this data set analyzes percentages of the federal

budget.

Nasa Budgets: US Spending on Space Travel since 1958.​ Guardian, 1 Feb. 2010. Nasa Budgets. ​The

Guardian​,

www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2010/feb/01/nasa-budgets-us-spending-space-travel. The

Guardian released this data about United States federal funding on space travel. This primary

source provides facts to be interpreted by our documentary. The numbers show a significant

decrease in funding that lines up with the collapse of the Soviet Union. This fits into our thesis

which claims that the Soviet Union fueled space growth and programs.
Nelson, Jon, editor. ​Jet Propulsion Laboratory - California Institute of Technology.​

www.jpl.nasa.gov/infographics/infographic.view.php?id=11358. Accessed 8 Nov. 2018. This

article by the jet propulsion lab in California details the techlogical advancements that came to be

as a result of space travel. The article, written in a list style format, illustrates how advacments

such as baby formula and smart phones came to be through NASA technology. The article

supports the idea that space exploration not only helps increase our knowledge of space, but also

finds ways to better the world around us.

Newman, Dava. "NASA Deputy Administrator Dava Newman." Interview by Evan Dashevsky. ​PC

Magazine​, PC Magazine, 23 May 2016. In this primary source, interviewer Evan Dashevsky

questions NASA deputy Administrator Dava Newman about the predicted trip to Mars and

America's overall space funding and exploration. This source supports the argument because

Newman explains the American progress regarding the trip to Mars, volunteer options, and space

funding. American citizens' views on the upcoming Mars launch will ultimately affect the

outcome of space relations.

SpaceX Crash: Elon Musk Shares New Video of Falcon 9's Sea Landing​. Global News, 2018. ​Youtube​,

Google, youtu.be/37TcBGLoi3w. Accessed 1 Jan. 2019. This film of the crash of a privately

funded spacecraft, SpaceX, visually indicates to the audience the challenges of private space

advancements. Privatization means less regulation and decreased safety, which is clearly

exhibited in the video.

"The Start of the Space Race." ​Khanacademy.org,​

www.khanacademy.org/humanities/us-history/postwarera/1950s-america/a/the-start-of-the-space-

race. "The start of the Space Race" is a tertiary source by Khan Academy. The source details how

competition from the Soviet Union during the space race prompted the U.S to set aside student

loans for people to study science. The source shows that the U.S was working swiftly to beat the
 Soviet Union, scientific education was flourishing, and the Kennedy administration was

spearheading the moon and space exploration movement in the U.S.

Stirone, Shannon. "The Real Cost of NASA Missions." ​Popsci.com​, 4 Nov. 2015,

www.popsci.com/real-cost-nasa-missions. Accessed 1 Nov. 2018. "The Real Cost Of NASA

Missions" is an online article that details how NASA's budget was significantly slashed and it's

effect on the American people. The source explains how NASA was able to launch great

explorations and successful missions, at little cost to Americans. With the slashing of NASA's

budgets, the scope of which NASA can work has become greatly limited. America's knowledge

of outer space has been delayed in growth; Despite great discoveries against the Soviet Union

during the space race.

Thompson, Loren. "Five Existential Challenges Facing Elon Musk's SpaceX." ​Forbes​, 11 Dec. 2018,

www.forbes.com/sites/lorenthompson/2018/12/11/five-existential-challenges-facing-elon-musks-

spacex/#66cac8c0127d. Accessed 1 Jan. 2019. This article analyzes the possibility of continuing

to draw large amounts of financial capital from individuals. It points out many reasons why

individuals are at a decreased advantage toward receiving adequate funding.

Trump Promotes 'Pioneering Spirit' in Space Exploration.​ Performance by Donald Trump, directed by

Evan Vucci, 2017. ​The Washington Post,​

www.washingtonpost.com/video/politics/trump-promotes-pioneering-spirit-in-space-exploration/

2017/12/11/7f5e7d02-deb2-11e7-b2e9-8c636f076c76_video.html. Accessed 1 Jan. 2019. This

speech by the United States President Donald Trump indicates the current administration's views

about the importance of keeping space technology public. The speech indicates that the President

does not value avoiding business interests in space.