Friday 5th October

Introduction to Excel

Excel Terminology

Excel belongs to a group of program that is called Spreadsheet. A spreadsheet is an electronic

document that stores data such as text and numbers. They are vertical columns and horizontal rows
that form a grid. A cell is where a column and a row intersect.

Columns – refers to the letters A,B,C …. On the top of the worksheet and they run from top to
bottom.
Rows – refers to the numbers 1,2,3…. On the left side of the worksheet and they run from left to
right.
Cells – refers to the ‘boxes’, each cell is identified by its cell address which is made up of the column
letter followed by the row number, eg B6, D89 etc…
Active Cell – this is the cell in a worksheet in which you are able to type text into. It is usually
highlighted with darker lines.

Autofill handle

Value – this is a number in a cell that can be used in Excel calculations.

Labels – A cell that contains text or a combination of numbers and text (AJ007). Labels cannot be
used in calculations.
All formulae in Excel begins with an equal sign (=).
A range is a group of continuous cells, it is written as a starting cell address such as B5, followed by a
colon, then followed by the ending cell, eg B5:B9.

The spreadsheet below shows the amount of money spent on various items (snacks, cake, lunch &
pies) for a given week.
The following formulae can be used in cell G2 to calculate the total.
 =B2+C2+D2+E2+F2
 =sum(B2:F2)
 To calculate the sum for cells G3, G4 & G5 you can simply copy the formula from G2 and
paste it or you can use the Autofill handle.

 In cell G2 you can also highlight the range B2:F2 and then click on the autosum icon.
 In cell B6 you can use the same methods described above to generate the formula.
o Eg = sum(B2:B5)
 In cell B7 you can use =MAX(B2:B5), then copy and paste to get the other values.
 In cell B8 you can use =MIN(B2:B5) ), then copy and paste to get the other values.
 In cell B9 you can use =AVERAGE(B2:B5) ), then copy and paste to get the other values.
 In cell H2 you can use =(G2/$G$6)*100, then copy and paste to get the other values. You
would notice that in G6, the $ was used in the formula. The use of this symbol in a formula
is called Absolute Cell Addressing, ie, it causes part of a formula to remain as a constant
when you copy and paste the formula.
  To change cells H2 : H5 to zero decimal places, highlight the cells, right click, select format
cells, choose the tab that says Number, then select number, then change to zero decimal
places and click OK.
 In cell A11 the formula = today() was used to print the current date.
 In cell A12 the formula = now() was used to print the current date and time.
 The symbol used for multiplication is * Eg =G9 * G8
 The symbol used for division is / Eg =G9 / G8
 The symbol used for subtraction is - Eg =G9 - G8

Practice Activity : Using the spreadsheet that I have sent you similar to the one
below, fill in all the empty cells with appropriate formulae. Save your
spreadsheet on your flash drive using the following naming convention 
yourfirstname Practice 1. Bring it to class on Monday 8th October 2018.

Nb… if you encounter any problems, let me know in class and I will assist. However, make every
effort to complete it at home. Refer to the notes, all the solutions are there.

This is the notes for next class.

The if function.
The if function is a conditional function, it tests if a certain argument is true or false.
D17 >= 50 - this is the test condition
“Pass” - this is what will be displayed if the condition is TRUE
“Fail” - this is what will be displayed if the condition is FALSE

Creating Charts in Excel

Creating a Pie Chart in Excel.
To create a pie chart you should follow these steps;
1. Highlight the numbers you wish to represent in the chart.
2. On the menu select ‘INSERT’, then select the pie chart option.
3. Right click on the chart and select the option ‘SELECT DATA’. Click on ‘EDIT’ on the RHS and
then highlight the cells containing the data labels.
4. Click on the menu option ‘LAYOUT’, click on chart title to type in a name for the chart.
5. Click on the option ‘DATA LABELS’, then ‘more data label options’, click on the percentage
box, and uncheck other boxes.

Creating a column/bar chart.

1. Same as above.
2. On the menu select ‘INSERT’, then select the option ‘column/bar’.
3. Right click on the chart and select the option ‘SELECT DATA’. Click on ‘EDIT’ on the RHS and
then highlight the cells containing the data labels.
4. Click on the menu option ‘CHART TITLE’ to name the chart, ‘AXIS TITLES’ to label the vertical
and horizontal axis, ‘LEGEND’ and select remove.

October 8, 2018
Formatting the Excel worksheet.
Sometimes you may be required to format your spreadsheet with
headings for clarity. For example, if you have a header named
‘Allowance’ and it is further divided into three categories – travel,
food & drink. To accomplish this you would first need to insert the
word ‘Allowance’ in an appropriate position. Then in the row below,
insert the various allowances (travel, food & drink) in three separate
cells. Then highlight the cell containing the label ‘Allowance’ plus the
two other cells above the other allowance. Click on the merge and
center icon to complete the task.
To insert borders in the cells, highlight the relevant cells, then click
on the border icon, select the type of borders that you need.
Assignment: Using the given document below, use Excel to create
the document.

Monday 15th October

Fundamentals of Hardware and Software.
Hardware refers to the physical components of the computer that
you can both see and touch.

Software refers to all the programs that make the computer

operable such as the operating system and the programs that people
use to perform various tasks.

Hardware can be further divided into the following categories

 Input devices
 Output devices
 Storage devices.
These will be studied in more detail later on.

Peripheral Device.

October 22, 2018

Peripheral Device. – definition and examples

Input devices
List examples and explain what they are used for.
Mouse
Keyboard
Joystick
Touchpad
Lightpen
Touch screen
Graphic tablet
Webcam/camera
MICR (Magnetic Ink Character Reader) ( banks & cheques)
OMR (Optical Mark Reader) (multiple choice papers)
OCR (Optical Character Reader) (converts written text into digital
text)
Barcode scanner/reader
Digital camera
Microphone
Biometric systems

Definitions to remember
Input – the process of sending data or instructions to the computer.

Output – the process of getting information from the computer. It

can be in the form of printed material (hardcopy), softcopy (in a
digital format)

Output devices
These are devices that allows the computer to send data to the user.
Examples of Output devices are
Monitor/screen
Speaker
Printer
Plotter
Projector
Headset

Storage Devices
These are devices that can be used to store data which can be used
at a later time. It should be noted that there are storage devices that
are internal and external to the computer.
Internal – hard drive, sim card etc.

External devices
Flash drive
Cd’s, DVD’s, SD Card, magnetic tapes, external hard drive
Magnetic disks, floppy disks

Hardware
Refers to all the physical components of the computer that you can
see and touch.

The CPU is one of the main component of the computer. It is

referred to as the BRAIN of the computer because it controls all the
activities of the computer. The CPU is made up of two components
The Control Unit
The Arithmetic Logic Unit.
Refer to textbook pages 4-5.
Pay attention to the functions of the two components. (explain next
day )
October 26th 2018
SBA Started – Spreadsheet question given. Task A1 due on Monday
29th October.

Primary Storage ( Memory)

RAM
Characteristics of RAM (Random Access Memory)
Volatile- data is lost when the computer loses power or switched off.
Data stored in RAM is temporary.
Made on a chip
Data is accessed Randomly.

ROM
Characteristics of ROM ( Read only memory)
Non volatile – data is not lost when the computer is switched off
Data is said to be permanent.
Made on a chip
Accessed Randomly.
(next day, continue with types of ROM)
Completed types of ROM from handout.

November 30, 2018

Formulae for SBA Worksheet.

This is the formula for the Basic Salary column.

=IF(C4="M",8000,IF(C4="AM",7000,IF(C4="s",5000,3000)))

Note : C4 represents the first person category code, you may

need to change the C4 to suit your worksheet.

The following changes may be needed depending on the

version of office you are using.
 Change the double quote (“) to single quote (‘).
 Change the comma (,) to a semicolon (;).

Daily allowance formula

=D4*$G$37

Travel allowance
=IF(C4="M",D4*$G$38,IF(C4="AM",D4*$G$38,0))

Entertainment allowance
=IF(C4="M",D4*$G$39,IF(C4="AM",D4*$G$39,0))
January 7, 2019 ( Term 2, Form 4)
Problem Solving (Programming)

Did first two problem stmt

Problem Solving (Programming)

General Problem Solving Stages.

1. Define the problem
2. Analyze the problem
3. Propose and evaluate possible solutions
4. Select and justify the “best” solution to the problem
5. Implement and review.

Computer Based Problem Solving.

1. Define the problem
2. Analyze the problem
3. Propose and evaluate solutions
4. Develop and represent an algorithm
5. Test and validate the algorithm
6. Implement the algorithm

Algorithm – an algorithm is a finite number of accurate, unambiguous steps that solve a

problem or task.

Characteristics of algorithms.
1. The number of steps must be finite.
2. The steps must be precise
3. The steps must be unambiguous
4. The steps must have a flow of control from one process to another.
5. The steps must terminate.
6. The steps must lead to an OUTPUT.

November 14, 2016

Problem Statement
Get the length and width of a rectangle and calculate and display its area.
Develop an IPO chart and an algorithm to solve the problem stmt.
INPUT PROCESSING OUTPUT
Length of rect. Calc. the area Print the Area
(L x W)
Width of rect.
Algorithm.
Start
Input the length of the rect.
Input the width of the rect.
Calculate the area of the rect (L x W)
Print the area
End.

Problem Stmt.2
Calculate and print the average of three numbers.
Develop an IPO chart and an algorithm to illustrate the problem statement.

INPUT PROCESSING OUTPUT

Input num1 Calculate the average Print the average
Input num2 (num1+num2+num3)/3
Input num3

Algorithm
Start
Enter three numbers (num1, num2, num3)
Calculate the average (num1+num2+num3)/3
Print the average.
End.

Work to be done in Tuesday 15th Nov. 2016 in class.

Problem statement 1.
VAT of 15% is added to the price of an item. Input the name of the item and the price. Print
the name of the item, the amount of vat and the new price after VAT is added.
Problem statement 2.
A customer pays a monthly fee of $37.50 for the telephone service and $3.50 per minute for
long distance calls. Input the number of minutes for a long distance call. Calculate and print
the total bill.

Do a IPO chart and an algorithm for the problem statements above.

Problem statement 1.
VAT of 15% is added to the price of an item. Input the name of the item and the price. Print
the name of the item, the amount of vat and the new price after VAT is added.

INPUT PROCESSING OUTPUT

Name of item Calculate vat amount Name of item
Price of item (Vat = price * 0.15) Amount of vat
Calculate the new price New price of item
(price + vat)

Algorithm
Start
Step 1 – Enter the name of the item
Step 2 – Enter the price of the item
Step 3 – Calculate the vat on the item (vat = price * 0.15)
Step 4 – calculate the new price (price + vat)
Step 5 – Print the name of the item
Step 6 – print the amount of vat charged
Step 7 – print the new price of the item.
End.

Problem statement 2.
A customer pays a monthly fee of $37.50 for the telephone service and $3.50 per minute for
long distance calls. Input the number of minutes for a long distance call. Calculate and print
the total bill.

INPUT PROCESSING OUTPUT

Number of minutes Calculate the total bill Print the total bill
(monthly fee + (no. of mins *
3.5))

Algorithm
Start
Step 1 – Enter the number of minutes
Step 2 – Calculate the total bill (monthly fee + (no. of mins * 3.5))
Step 3 – Print the total bill.
End.

Problem statement 3 for Home Work.

Fees are charged to attend a cinema as follows:
a) Balcony $8.00
b) House $ 7.00
Input the number of persons sitting in the house and the number sitting in the balcony.
Print the revenue received from house, balcony and the overall total.

You are required to do an IPO chart and an algorithm.