A clinical instructor is discussing about the body planes and sections.

When a
section is made along a horizontal plane the body is divided into:

A Anterior and posterior parts

B Right and left parts

C Midsagittal and median section

D Superior and inferior parts

A homogeneous mixture of two or more components is known as:

A Solutes

B Solvent

C Solution

D Interstitial fluid

The fragile, transparent barrier that contains the cell contents is called:

A Nuclear membrane

B Cytoplasm

C Nucleoli

D Plasma membrane
The plasma membrane in the body allows some substances to pass through it
while excluding others. This type of barrier is termed as:

A Passive transport process

B Selective permeability

C Filtration

D Active transport processes

Which membrane junction is responsible for preventing the skin cells from
pulling apart during a mechanical stress such as someone pulling a person’s
extremity?

A Gap junctions

B Desosomes

C Tight junctions

D Microvilli

A patient is complaining of pain in the region at the right side of the

hypogastric region. This area of the abdomen is also known as:

A Right Hypochondriac region

B Right iliac region

C Right lumbar region

D Umbilical region

The abdominal region located at the left side of the umbilical area is called:

A Left Hypochondriac region

B Left iliac region

C Left lumbar region

D Epigastric area

The genetic material , deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is contained in:

A Nucleus

B Nucleoli

C Chromatin

D Chromosome

The dorsal cavity of the body has two subdivisions. Select all dorsal body
cavity. A. Thoracic B. Cranial C. Spinal D. Adbominopelvic

A A and B

B B and C

C C and D

D B and D
To maintain homeostasis the body function interacts. The homeostatic control
mechanism that responds to environmental changes is called:

A Effector

B Receptor

C Control center

D Stimuli

To sustain life an individual must be able to function properly. Survival needs

include the following apart from:

A Atmospheric pressure

B Oxygen

C Gravity

D None of these

While on duty, the student nurse notices that the client’s crural area has
lesions and abrasions. Crural area is also known as the:

A Posterior surface of the lower leg

B Posterior surface of the elbow

C Anterior leg area

D Lateral part of the leg

If the located area is at pointing away from the midline of the body it is termed
as:
A Caudal

B Distal

C Proximal

D Lateral

If the located area is at pointing away from the midline of the body it is termed
as:

A Caudal

B Distal

C Proximal

D Lateral

The cellular material outside the nucleus but is located inside the cell
membrane is called:

A Nucleoli

B Chromatin

C Cytoplasm

D Plasma membrane

An adolescent has been participating in a competitive sport game.

Accidentally, he fell off and complains of pain in his coxal area. The
adolescent has pain on:
A Posterior knee area

B Hip area

C Thigh area

D Point of shoulder

The process by which water and solutes are forced through a membrane or
capillary wall by fluid or hydrostatic pressure is called:

A Filtration

B Diffusion

C Passive transport process

D Active transport process

The knee in relation to the thigh is termed as:

A Distal

B Proximal

C Ventral

D Dorsal

The substance present in the largest amount in a solution is which of the

following?

A Solutes

B Solvent
C Solution

D Interstitial fluid

The cells that fight disease is known as:

A Nerve cell

B Epithelial cell

C Fibroblast

D Macrophages

The process by which molecules are moving from an area of higher

concentration to an area of lower concentration to become evenly distributed
is called:

A Filtration

B Diffusion

C Passive transport process

D Active transport process

When the body is divided into right and left parts the cut is a:

A Frontal section

B Sagittal section

C Coronal section

D Cross section
Knowledge on body landmarks is essential to learn about anatomy and
physiology. The posterior surface of the lower leg is known as:

A Sural

B Olecranal

C Crural

D Fibular

Most school age children are having cuts or wounds at the anterior knee
region because of the tendency to fall during extreme activity involvement.
The anterior knee region is also known as:

A Popliteal

B Patellar

C Antecubital

D Tarsal

A frontal section divides the body into:

A Anterior and posterior parts

B Right and left parts

C Midsagittal and median section

D Superior and inferior parts

Question 1 Explanation:
When a section is made along a horizontal plane (transverse section) the
body is divided into superior and inferior parts. If a sagittal section is done
(lengthwise/longitudinal plane) the body is divided into right and left parts. A
frontal section is a cut made along a lengthwise plane dividing the body into
anterior and posterior parts

Question 2 Explanation:
a. Solutes – tiny components present in small amounts. b. Solvent – the
substance present in the largest amount. c. Solution - A homogeneous mixture
of two or more components d. Interstitial fluid – the fluid that continuously
bathes the exterior of the cells.

Question 3 Explanation:
Plasma membrane (or cell membrane) contains all cell contents and
separates them from the surrounding environment. a. Nuclear membrane – a
double membrane barrier that binds the nucleus b. Cytoplasm – the cellular
material outside the nucleus but inside the plasma membrane. c. Nucleoli –
dark-staining, round bodies in the nucleus.

Question 4 Explanation:
The plasma membrane is a selective permeable barrier. Passive transport
processes substances are transported across the membrane without energy
input from the cell. In active transport processes, the cell provides the
metabolic energy ATP that drives the transport process. Filtration is the
process by which water and solutes are forced through a membrane or
capillary wall by fluid or hydrostatic pressure.

Question 5 Explanation:
a. Gap junctions – commonly seen in the heart and embryonic cells that
functions mainly to allow communication. b. Desosomes – anchoring junctions
that prevent the skin cells from pulling apart during a mechanical stress c.
Tight junctions – impermeable junctions that bind cells together into leakproof
sheets that prevent substances from passing through the extracellular space
between cells. d. Microvilli – tiny fingerlike projections that increases the cell’s
surface area for absorption.
Question 6 Explanation:
Right iliac region is located at the right side of the hypogastric region. Right
hypochondriac lies beside the epigastric region while the right lumbar lies
beside the umbilical area.
Question 7 Explanation:
Left lumbar lies beside the umbilical area. Left hypochondriac lies beside the
epigastric region. Left iliac region is located at the left side of the hypogastric
region.
Question 8 Explanation:
The gene-containing nucleus acts as the control center for cells. It is the
specific part of the cell where the DNA is found. Nucleoli, chromatin and
chromosome are all found inside the nucleus.
Question 9 Explanation:
Dorsal (posterior) body cavities are well protected by bones and consist of the
cranial and spinal cavities. Ventral cavities are less protected and consist of
thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.
Question 10 Explanation:
a. Effector – produces the response b. Receptor – responds to environmental
change c. Control center – assesses the changes present d. Stimuli – the
change itself
Question 11 Explanation:
Survival needs include water, food, oxygen, appropriate temperature,
atmospheric pressure. Because of the word “apart from” the correct answer is
letter D. (Source: Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology by Marieb 8th Ed. P
9)
Question 12 Explanation:
a. Posterior surface of the lower leg - sural b. Posterior surface of the elbow -
olecranal c. Anterior leg area - crural d. Lateral part of the leg – fibular
Question 13 Explanation:
a. Caudal – inferior; away from the head end or toward the lower part of a
structure or the body. b. Distal - farther from the origin of a body part or the
point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk c. Proximal – closer to the
origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk. d.
Lateral - pointing away from the midline of the body
Question 14 Explanation:
A correct anatomical position is similar to a “standing at attention” but is less
comfortable because the palms held unnaturally forward with thumbs pointing
away from the body.
Question 15 Explanation:
Cytoplasm is the cellular material outside the nucleus but inside the plasma
membrane. a. Nucleoli - dark-staining, round bodies in the nucleus. b.
Chromatin – loose network of bumpy threads that is scattered throughout the
nucleus. c. Cytoplasm d. Plasma membrane - (or cell membrane) contains all
cell contents and separates them from the surrounding environment.
Question 16 Explanation:
a. Posterior knee area – popliteal b. Hip area – coxal c. Thigh area – femoral
d. Point of shoulder – acromial
Question 17 Explanation:
Filtration is the process by which water and solutes are forced through a
membrane or capillary wall by fluid or hydrostatic pressure. Diffusion is the
process by which molecules are moving from an area of higher concentration
to an area of lower concentration to become evenly distributed. Passive
transport processes substances are transported across the membrane without
energy input from the cell. In active transport processes, the cell provides the
metabolic energy ATP that drives the transport process.
Question 18 Explanation:
The knee is distal (farther from the origin of a body part or the point of
attachment of a limb to the body trunk) to the thigh. Proximal means closer to
the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk.
Ventral means anterior or toward or at the front of a body. Dorsal means
posterior or toward or at the backside of the body.
Question 19 Explanation:
a. Solutes – tiny components present in small amounts. b. Solvent – the
substance present in the largest amount. c. Solution - A homogeneous mixture
of two or more components d. Interstitial fluid – the fluid that continuously
bathes the exterior of the cells.
Question 20 Explanation:
A phagocytic cell or macrophages are cells that crawl through tissue to reach
infection sites. Epithelial cells are the ones that cover and lines body organs.
Fibroblast connects body parts while nerve cells or neurons are for gathering
information and controlling body function.
Question 21 Explanation:
Diffusion is the process by which molecules are moving from an area of higher
concentration to an area of lower concentration to become evenly distributed.
Filtration is the process by which water and solutes are forced through a
membrane or capillary wall by fluid or hydrostatic pressure. Passive transport
processes substances are transported across the membrane without energy
input from the cell. In active transport processes, the cell provides the
metabolic energy ATP that drives the transport process.
Question 22 Explanation:
a. Frontal section – divides the body into anterior and posterior parts b.
Sagittal section – divides the body into right and left parts c. Coronal section –
other term for frontal section d. Cross section – divides the body into superior
and inferior parts
Question 23 Explanation:
a. Sural - the posterior surface of the lower leg b. Olecranal – posterior
surface of the elbow c. Crucal – anterior leg area/region d. Fibular – lateral
part of the leg
Question 24 Explanation:
a. Popliteal – posterior knee area b. Patellar – anterior knee c. Antecubital –
anterior surface of the elbow d. Tarsal – ankle region
Question 25 Explanation:
A frontal section is a cut made along a lengthwise plane dividing the body into
anterior and posterior parts.