3 - Semester 17EE33 Theory Course Plan

STSKK Society's
Tontadarya College of Engineering, Gadag.
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
FMTH0301/Rev.5.2
Course Plan
Semester: 3 - Semester Year: 2018

Course Title: Transformers and Generators Course Code: 17EE33
Total Contact Hours: 50 Duration of Theory: 3 Hours
Theory Marks: 60 Term Work Marks: 40
Lesson Plan Author: Revati Motagi Last Modified Date: 18 January 2019
Checked By: Dr. Iranna Korachagaon Last Reviewed Date:
Course Outcomes (COs):

At the end of the course the student should be able to:
1. Explain the major parts, construction, working and parallel operation of transformers.
2. Explain the different tests to be carried out on transformers, equivalent circuit of AT
3. Explain with the characteristics, the performance of tertiary winding transformers ,
Commutation armature reaction in DC machine and synchronous machines equivalent circuit.
4. Explain the load char, voltage regulations, two reactance theory power angle diagram
5. Explain OCC SCC char of alternator and determination of Voltage regulation EMF, MMF AND
ZPF
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STSKK Society's
Course Articulation Matrix: Mapping of Course Outcomes (COs) with Program

Outcomes (POs)
Course Title: Transformers and Generators Semester: 3 - Semester
Course Code: 17EE33 Year: 2018
Course Outcomes 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 PSO1 PSO2

(COs) / Program
Outcomes (POs)
1. Explain the major 3
parts, construction,
working and parallel
operation of
transformers.
2. Explain the 3
different tests to be
carried out on
transformers,
equivalent circuit of
AT
3. Explain with the 3
characteristics, the
performance of
tertiary winding
transformers ,
Commutation
armature reaction in
DC machine and
synchronous machines
equivalent circuit.
4. Explain the load 3
char, voltage
regulations, two
reactance theory
power angle diagram
5. OCC SCC char of 3
alternator and
determination of
Voltage regulation
EMF,MMF AND ZPF

STSKK Society's
Course Content
Course Code: 17EE33 Course Title: Transformers and Generators

L-T-P: 4-0-0 Credits: 4 Contact Hrs: 50
Term Work Marks: 40 Theory Marks: 60 Total Marks: 100
Teaching Hrs: 50 Exam Duration: 3 hrs
Content Hrs
Module - 1
Chapter No. 1 - Single phase Transformers 2.00 hrs
Single phase Transformers: Review of Magnetically coupled circuit, Principle of
operation, Constructional details of shell type and core type single-phase
transformers, EMF equation, Losses and commercial efficiency, Conditions for
maximum efficiency (No question shall be set from the review portion).
Chapter No. 2 - Transformer Performance 4.00 hrs
Salient features of ideal transformer, Operation of practical transformer under no
- load and on - load with phasor diagrams. Equivalent circuit, Open circuit and
Short circuit tests, Calculation of equivalent circuit parameters and
predetermination of efficiency- commercial and all-day. Voltage regulation and
its significance.
Chapter No. 3 - Three-phase Transformers 4.00 hrs
Three-phase Transformers: Introduction, Constructional features of three-phase
transformers. Choice between single unit three-phase transformer and a bank of
three single-phase transformers. Transformer connection for three phase
operation – Star/Star, Delta/Delta, Star/Delta, Zigzag/star and V/V, Choice of
connection. Phase conversion - Scott connection for three-phase to two-phase
conversion. Labelling of three-phase transformer terminals, Vector groups.
Equivalent circuit of three phase transformers.
Module - 2
Chapter No. 4 - Parallel Operation of Transformers 4.00 hrs
Parallel Operation of Transformers: Necessity of Parallel operation, Conditions
for parallel operation – Single phase and three phase, Load sharing in case of
similar and dissimilar transformers.
Chapter No. 5 - Auto transformers and Tap changing transformers 4.00 hrs
Auto transformers and Tap changing transformers: Introduction to auto
transformer - copper economy, Equivalent circuit, Three phase auto transformer
connection and voltage regulation. Voltage regulation by tap changing – off
circuit and on load.

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Chapter No. 6 - Tertiary winding Transformers: 2.00 hrs

Tertiary winding Transformers: Necessity of tertiary winding, Equivalent circuit
and voltage regulation, Tertiary winding in star/star transformers, Rating of
tertiary winding
Module - 3
Chapter No. 7 - Transformer Tests 2.00 hrs
Transformers (continuation): Cause and effects of harmonics, Current inrush in
transformers, Noise in transformers. Objects of testing transformers, Polarity
test, Sumpner’s test.
Chapter No. 8 - Direct current Generator 4.00 hrs
Direct current Generator – Review of construction, Types, Armature windings,
Relation between no load and terminal voltage (No question shall be set from the
review portion). Armature reaction, Commutation and associated problems, No
load and full load characteristics.
Chapter No. 9 - Synchronous generators 4.00 hrs
Synchronous generators- Review of construction and operation of salient & non-
salient pole synchronous generators (No question shall be set from the review
portion). Armature wingdings, Winding factors, Emf equation. Harmonics –
causes, Reduction and elimination. Armature reaction, Synchronous recatance,
Equivalent circuit.
Module - 4
Chapter No. 10 - Synchronous 4.00 hrs
Synchronous generators (continuation): Generator load characteristic. Voltage
regulation, Excitation control for constant terminal voltage. Generator input and
output.
Parallel operation of generators and load sharing. Synchronous generator on
infinite busbars – General load diagram, O – curves and V – curves. Power angle
characteristic and synchronizing power.
Synchronous generators (continuation): Effects of saliency, Two-reaction theory,
Direct and Quadrature reactance, Power angle diagram, Reluctance power, Slip
test.
Module - 5
Chapter No. 13 - Synchronous generators Tests 5.00 hrs
Synchronous generators (continuation): Open circuit and short circuit
characteristics, Assessment of reactance- Short Circuit Ratio, Synchronous

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reactance, Adjusted synchronous reactance and Potier reactance. Voltage

regulation by EMF, MMF, ZPF
Chapter No. 14 - synchronous generators Control 5.00 hrs

Performance of synchronous generators: Capability curve for large turbo
generators and salient pole generators. Starting, Synchronizing and control.
Hunting and dampers
Text Books (List of books as mentioned in the approved syllabus)
1. D. P. Kothari, I. J. Nagrath, Electric Machines, 4th Edition, Mc Graw Hill, 2011

2. M. G. Say, Performance and Design of A.C. Machines, 3rd Edition, CBS Publishers,
2012
7. Abhijit Chakrabarti et al, Electrical Machines, 1st, Mc Graw Hill, 2015
8. K.R.Siddapura D.B.Raval, A Textbook of Electrical Machines, 1st, Vikas Publishing
House Pvt Ltd, 2014
9. Alexander Langsdorf, Theory of Alternating Current Machines, 2nd, Mc Graw Hill,
2001
References
3. P.C.Sen, Principles of Electric Machines and power Electronics, 2nd, Wiley, 2013
4. Mulukuntla S.Sarma, at el, Electric Machines, 1st, Cengage Learning, 2009
5. Theodore Wildi, Electrical Machines, Drives and Power systems, 6th, Pearson, 2014
6. M.V. Deshpande, Electrical Machines, 1st, PHI Learning, 2013

STSKK Society's
Chapter wise Plan
Course Code and Title: 17EE33 / Transformers and Generators

Chapter Number and Title: 1 - Single phase Transformers Planned Hours: 2.00 hrs
Learning Outcomes: -
At the end of the topic the student should be able to:
Topic Learning Outcomes COs BL
1 Principle of operation CO1 L2

2 Types and construction CO1 L2
3 EMF equation, losses, efficiency CO1 L2
Lesson Schedule
Lecture No. - Portion covered per hour Planned Actual
Delivery Date Delivery Date
1. Single phase Transformers: Review of Magnetically
coupled circuit, Principle of operation, Constructional
details of shell type and core type single-phase
transformers
2. EMF equation, Losses and commercial efficiency,
Conditions for maximum efficiency
Review Questions
Sl.No. - Questions TLOs BL
1. What is magnetic circuit? TLO1 L2
2. Explein principle of operation of an ideal transformer TLO1 L2
3. Explain the types and constructional features of single phase TLO2 L2
transformer.
4. Derive an emf equation for a single phase two winding transformer. TLO3 L2
5. Explain various losses in tranformers TLO3 L2
6. Derive the condition for maximum efficiency in a transformer TLO3 L2
7. Explain how the efficeincy of a trnformer is computed. TLO3 L2

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Chapter Number and Title: 2 - Transformer Performance Planned Hours: 4.00 hrs
1 Salient features of Ideal transformer CO1 L2

2 Difference between ideal transformer and practical transformer CO1 L2
3 Equivalent circuit diagrams and phasor diagrams of transformer on CO1 L2
NO LOAD and ON LOAD conditions
4 Purpose and conduct of OC and SC tests CO1 L2
5 Calculation of commerical efficiency and all day efficiency and CO1 L2
regulation
Lesson Schedule
3. Salient features of ideal transformer
4. Operation of practical transformer under no - load and
on - load with phasor diagrams
5. Open circuit and Short circuit tests, Calculation of
equivalent circuit parameters and predetermination of
efficiency
6. commercial and all-day efficiency, Voltage regulation
and its significance
Review Questions
1. Explain the operation of a practical transformer under load condition TLO3 L2
and hence develop the phasor diagram of single phase transformer under
load condition.
2. Develop the exact equivalent circuit of a 1-phase transformer. From TLO3 L2
this derive the approximate and simplified equivalent circuits of the
transformer. State the assumptions made.
3. Explain how the flux in the core of transformer remains constant, TLO1 L2
from no-load to full-load. Develop the phasor diagram of actual
transformer when it is inductively loaded.

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4. Derive the conditions for maximum efficiency of a transformer. TLO5 L2

5. 1. Explain the operation of a practical transformer under load TLO1 L2
condition and hence develop the phasor diagram of single phase
transformer under load condition.\n2. Develop the exact equivalent
circuit of a 1-phase transformer. From this derive the approximate and
simplified equivalent circuits of the transformer. State the assumptions
made.\n3. A 2300/230V, 500KVA, 50Hz distribution transformer has
core loss of 1600W at rated voltage and copper loss 7.5KW at full load.
During the day it is loaded as follows:\n%Load 0% 20% 50% 80%
100% 150%\npf -- 0.7lag 0.8lag 0.9lag 1.0 0.85lag\nHours 2 4 4 5 7
2\nDetermine the all day efficiency of the transformer.\n4. Find the all-
day efficiency of a transformer having maximum efficiency of 98% at
15KVA at upf and loaded as follows.\n2 KW at 0.5pf lag for 12
hours\n12 KW at 0.8 pf lag for 6 hours\nNo-load for 6 hours.\n5. Find
the all-day efficiency of 500 KVA distribution transformer whose
copper losses and iron losses at full load are 4.5KW and 3.5 KW
respectively. During a day, it is loaded as under:\n400KW, at 0.8
lagging for 6 hours\n300KW, at 0.75 lagging for 10 hours\n100KW, at
0.8 lagging for 4 hours\n000KW, at 0.0 lagging for 4 hours\n6. Explain
how OC and SC tests on single phase transformer can be used to
determine the efficiency and regulation of transformer.\n7. Explain how
OC and SC tests results on single phase transformer can be used to
determine circuit parameters\n8. The results obtained from open circuit
and short circuit tests on 10KVA, 450/120V, 50Hz transformer
are:\nOC Test – 120V, 4.2A, 80 W, Instruments on lv side\nSC Test –
9.65 V, 22.2 A, 120 W, with lv winding shorted\nCompute: i)
Equivalent circuit constants, ii) efficiency and voltage regulation at full
load 0.8 pf lagging, iii) efficiency at half full-load and 0.8 pf lagging.

Chapter Number and Title: 3 - Three-phase Transformers Planned Hours: 4.00 hrs
Learning Outcomes:-
1 Advantages of 3 phase transformer bank over 3 phase single unit CO1 L2

transformer
2 Vector groups and 3 phase transformer connections CO1 L2

STSKK Society's
3 3 phase to 6 phase converstion, VV connection, Scott connection CO1 L2

Lesson Schedule
11. Three-phase Transformers: Introduction,
Constructional features of three-phase transformers
12. Choice between single unit three-phase transformer
and a bank of three single-phase transformers
13. Transformer connection for three phase operation –
Star/Star, Delta/Delta, Star/Delta, Zigzag/star and V/V,
Choice of connection. Phase conversion - Scott connection
for three-phase to two-phase conversion
14. Labelling of three-phase transformer terminals, Vector
groups. Equivalent circuit of three phase transformers.
Review Questions
1. 1. Explain the constructional features of a three phase transformer TLO1 L2
and its types.\n2. Compare the three phase transformer and three phase
transformer bank.\n3. Draw the Scott connection of transformers and
mark the terminals and turns ration. What are the applications of Scott
connection?\n4. Show that open delta connection of 3 phase
transformers has KVA rating 58% of that of delta-delta connection.\n5.
Explain with circuit diagram and phasor diagram the method of
conversion of 3 phase to 2 phase supply. Show that load is balanced on
both sides.\n6. Write a note on types of three phase transformer
connections and vector groups.\n7. A 400KVA load at 0.7 pf lagging is
supplied by three single phase transformers connected in delta-delta.
Each of delta-delta transformers is rated at 200KVA, 2300/230V. If one
defective transformer is removed from service, calculate for V-V
connection: i) the KVA load carried by each transformer., ii) percent
rated load carried by each transformer, iii) total KVA ratings of the
transformer bank in V-V, and iv) ratio of V-V bank to delta-delta bank
transformer ratings.\n8. Two 100V, single phase furnace takes loads of
600KW and 900KW respectively at a power factor of 0.707 lagging and
are supplied from 6600V, 3 phase supply through a Scott connected
transformer. Calculate the line currents in the 3 phase side.\n9. A
balanced 3 phase load of 30KVA at a pf of 0.866 lagging is connected
to two transformers connected in open-delta to a 230 V, three-phase
system. Find the power delivered by each transformer.

STSKK Society's

Chapter Number and Title: 4 - Parallel Operation of Planned Hours: 4.00 hrs
Transformers
Learning Outcomes:-
1 Necessity, and conditions for parallel operation - Single phase, 3 CO1 L2

phase
2 Load sharing in case of similar and dissimilar tranformation ratio CO1 L2
Lesson Schedule
15. Auto transformers and Tap changing transformers:
Introduction to auto transformer
16. copper economy, Equivalent circuit
17. Three phase auto transformer connection and voltage
regulation.
18. Voltage regulation by tap changing – off circuit and on
load.
Review Questions
1. 1. Discuss the essential and desirable conditions to be fulfilled for TLO1 L2
operating two, three-phase transformers in parallel.\n2. Derive an
equation for KVA sharing of both the transformer when they are
connected in parallel. Assume both transformers have (i) equal voltage
ratio (ii) unequal voltage ratio.\n3. Two single phase transformers share
a load of 400KVA at 0.8 lagging pf. Their equivalent impedances
referred to secondary winding are (1+j2.5) ohms and (1.5+j3) ohms
respectively. Calculate the load shared by each transformer.\n4. Two
transformers A and B are joined in parallel to the same load, determine
the current delivered by each transformer, given open circuit emf is
6600V for A and 6400V for B, equivalent impedance on secondary are
(0.3+j3) ohms for A and (0.2+j1) ohms for B, and load impedance is
(8+j6) ohms. Also find the circulating current at no load.

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Chapter Number and Title: 5 - Auto transformers and Tap Planned Hours: 4.00 hrs
changing transformers
1 Constrction, Adavantages and applications of Auto transformer CO1 L2

2 Copper Economy CO1 L2
3 Tap changing transformer - on load, off load CO1 L2
Lesson Schedule
15. Auto transformers and Tap changing transformers
16. Introduction to auto transformer - copper economy,
Equivalent circuit,
17. Three phase auto transformer connection and voltage
regulation.
18. Voltage regulation by tap changing – off circuit and on
load
Review Questions
1. 1. Derive an expression for the saving of copper of auto transformer TLO1 L2
as compared to an equivalent two winding transformer.\n2. Compare
two winding transformer with auto transformer.\n3. State advantages,
limitations and applications of autotransformer.\n4. The primary and
secondary voltages of an autotransformer are 230V and 75V
respectively. Calculate the currents in the different parts of the winding
when load current is 200A. Also calculate the saving of copper.\n5.
Explain the operation of on-load tap changer.\n6. Explain single
winding tap changer and parallel winding tap changer.

STSKK Society's

Chapter Number and Title: 6 - Tertiary winding Planned Hours: 2.00 hrs
Transformers:
Learning Outcomes:-
1 Necessity of tertiary winding in 3 phase transformer CO3 L2

2 Equivalent circuit and rating of tertiary winding CO3 L2
Lesson Schedule
19. Tertiary winding Transformers: Necessity of tertiary
winding, Equivalent circuit and voltage regulation
20. Tertiary winding in star/star transformers, Rating of
tertiary winding
Review Questions
1. 1. Why tertiary winding is used? How stabilization is achieved using TLO1 L2
tertiary winding.\n2. State the advantages and limitations of three
winding transformer.

STSKK Society's

Chapter Number and Title: 7 - Transformer Tests Planned Hours: 2.00 hrs
Learning Outcomes:-
1 Cause and effects of harmonics, inrush currents, Noise in CO3 L2

transformers
2 Polarity test, Sumpner test CO3 L2
Lesson Schedule
21. Transformers (continuation): Cause and effects of
harmonics, Current inrush in transformers
22. Noise in transformers. Objects of testing transformers,
Polarity test, Sumpner’s test.
Review Questions
1. 1. Explain the causes and effects of harmonics in the transformers.\n2. TLO1 L2
Explain the excitation phenomenon and current inrush phenomenon in
transformers.\n3. What are the sources of noise in transformers? How
to reduce the noise problem in transformers.\n4. Explain the Sumpner’s
or back to back test for testing two 1-phase transformers. Also explain
why this is beneficial for finding efficiency of transformer. Mention the
advantages of this test.

Chapter Number and Title: 8 - Direct current Generator Planned Hours: 4.00 hrs
Learning Outcomes:-
1 Constuction, types, armature winding, No load characteristic CO3 L2

STSKK Society's
2 Armature reaction, commutation CO3 L2

3 No lad and full load characteristics CO3 L2
Lesson Schedule
23. Direct current Generator – Review of construction,
Types, Armature windings, Relation between no load and
terminal voltage
24. Armature reaction
25. Commutation and associated problems
26. No load and full load characteristics.
Review Questions
1. 1. With neat figures, explain armature reaction in DC machines under TLO1 L2
normal working conditions.\n2. Derive equations for i) demagnetizing
amp-turns per pole, ii) cross magnetizing amp-turns per pole\n3. State
the effects of armature reactions and methods to reduce it.\n4. Explain
the process of commutation in a DC machine and the methods to
improve the commutation.\n5. Draw and explain the characteristics of
DC shunt generator.

Chapter Number and Title: 9 - Synchronous generators Planned Hours: 4.00 hrs
Learning Outcomes:-
1 Construction, types of synchronous generators CO3 L2

2 Armature winding, winding factors, emf equation CO3 L2
3 Armature reaction, Synchronous reactance CO3 L2

STSKK Society's
Lesson Schedule
27. Synchronous generators- Review of construction and
operation of salient & non-salient pole synchronous
generators
28. Armature windings, Winding factors
29. Emf equation. Harmonics – causes, Reduction and
elimination
30. Armature reaction, Synchronous reactance, Equivalent
circuit.
Review Questions
1. 1. What are the advantages of rotating field construction in alternator? TLO1 L2
Derive emf equation of a synchronous generator.\n2. Derive expression
for pitch factor and distribution factor and discuss the effect of pitch
factor and distribution factor on the generated voltages.\n3. What are
harmonics? What are methods to reduce harmonics in three phase
alternator\n4. Explain the effect of harmonics on induced emf and
winding factors of an alternator.\n5. Explain the armature reaction in
synchronous generator. Indicate how it is in different from the armature
reaction in case of dc generator.\n6. Define synchronous impedance of
an alternator and explain the significance of synchronous reactance.\n7.
A 1200KVA, 6600V, 3 phase star connected alternator has its armature
resistance on 0.25 ohm/ phase and its synchronous reactance as 5
ohm/phase. Calculate its regulation if it delivers a full load (i) at 0.8 pf
lagging, (ii) 0.8 pf leading.\n8. A 3phase 16 pole alternator has a star-
connected winding with 144 slots and 10 conductors per slot. The flux
per pole is 0.03wb. sinusoidally distributed and the speed is 375 rpm.
Find the frequency and the phase and line emf. Assume full pitched
coil.\n9. A 3-phase star connected alternator on open circuit is required
to generate a line voltage of 3.4KV, 50Hz, when driven at 500 rpm. The
stator has 3 slots/pole/phase and 10 conductors/slot. The coils are short
chorded by 1 slot. Calculate the number of poles and useful
flux/pole.\n10. A 3MVA, 6600V, 8 pole, 50Hz, alternator has a
synchronous reactance of 2.9 ohms. It is running in parallel with infinite
bus. Calculate synchronizing power and synchronizing torque per
mechanical degree of phase displacement when running at no load.

STSKK Society's

Chapter Number and Title: 10 - Synchronous Planned Hours: 4.00 hrs
Learning Outcomes:-
1 Load characteristics, regulation, excitation control CO4 L2

2 Parallel operation, load sharing CO4 L2
3 O curves, V curves CO4 L2
4 Power charactersitics, synchronising power CO4 L2
Lesson Schedule
31. Synchronous generators (continuation): Generator load
characteristic
32. Voltage regulation
33. Excitation control for constant terminal voltage
34. Generator input and output.
Review Questions
1. 1. Describe the phasor diagram of a non-salient synchronous TLO1 L2
generator for a leading, lagging and unity power factors. Indicate clearly
the various quantities in the diagram.\n2. Mention advantages of
parallel operation and conditions to be satisfied for successful operation
of 3 phase alternator.\n3. Explain the process of synchronizing the
given alternator to infinite bus by a suitable method.\n4. Discuss the
factors on which the division of load between two alternators takes
place when they are working in parallel.\n5. Discuss the effect of
change in (i) excitation (ii) input power, on the alternators running in
parallel.\n6. Derive the expression for the output power of cylindrical
rotor alternator connected to infinite bus in terms of excitation voltage,
bus bar voltage and load angle.\n7. Draw and explain electrical load
diagram of a synchronous generator connected to infinite busbar.\n8.
Explain O-curves (mechanical load diagram) for synchronous

STSKK Society's
generator.\n9. Explain V and and inverted V curves for synchronous

generator. What is their significance?

Learning Outcomes:-
1 Parallel operation of generators and load sharing CO4 L2

2 O curves, V curves CO4 L2
3 Power ancgle characteristics CO4 L2
Lesson Schedule
35. Parallel operation of generators and load sharing.
Synchronous generator on infinite busbars
36. General load diagram, O – curves and V – curves.
Power angle characteristic and synchronizing power.
Review Questions
1. \nTwo alternators operate in parallel supply a lighting load of 2000 TLO1 L2
KW and motor load aggregating 6000 KW at 0.0707 pf lagging. Find
the power delivered and pf of the second alternator, if one alternator is
loaded to 3600KW at 0.8 pf lagging.\nA 10 MVA, 3-phase alternator
has an equivalent short circuit reactance 20%. Calculate the
synchronizing power of the armature/ mechanical degree/ phase
displacement, when running in parallel on 10000V, 50Hz bus bas at
1500 rpm.\nA 3-phase, 4 pole star connected alternator has a smooth
cylindrical type rotor. The effective resistance and synchronous
reactance per phase are 0.15 ohm and 2.5 ohms respectively. Calculate
the voltage regulation when delivering 250 amps at 6.6KV and 0.6 pf
lagging.\n

STSKK Society's

Learning Outcomes:-
1 Two reaction theory, effect of saliency CO4 L2

2 Power angle diagram, reluctance power, slip test CO4 L2
Lesson Schedule
37. Effects of saliency, Two-reaction theory
38. Direct and Quadrature reactance
39. Power angle diagram, Reluctance power
40. Slip test.
Review Questions
1. 1. With necessary figures and phasor diagrams explain briefly TLO1 L2
Blondel’s two reaction theory as applicable to salient pole
alternators.\n2. Explain how slip test is conducted to find out the Xd
and Xq of a salient pole alternator.\n3. With a neat diagram, derive an
expression for the power output of a salient pole alternator. Draw the
variation curve of power Vs. load angle.\n4. Write a note on power
angle curve and reluctance power.

STSKK Society's

Chapter Number and Title: 13 - Synchronous generators Planned Hours: 5.00 hrs
Tests
Learning Outcomes:-
1 OC, SC characteristics, Regulation by EMF, MMF, ZPF CO5 L2

2 SCR, Synchronous reactnace CO5 L2
Lesson Schedule
41. Open circuit and short circuit characteristics
42. Assessment of reactance- Short Circuit Ratio,
Synchronous reactance
43. synchronous reactance and Potier reactance
44. Voltage regulation by EMF, MMF methods
45. Voltage regulation by ZPF and ASA methods.
Review Questions
1. 1. Describe the emf (synchronous impedance) method to determine TLO1 L2
regulation of an alternator for lagging and leading power factor.\n2.
Explain mmf (Ampere turns) method of finding the voltage regulation
of a synchronous generator.\n3. Explain zpf (Potier triangle) method of
finding the voltage regulation of a synchronous generator.\n4. Explain
the ASA method of determining voltage regulation of an ac
generator.\n5. Compare following methods of finding voltage
regulation of an ac generator - Direct loading, emf method, mmf method
and Potier method.\n6. Show that the short circuit ratio(SCR) of an
alternator is the reciprocal of the per unit value of the synchronous
reactance at rated value. Discuss the significance of SCR (short circuit
ratio).\n7. A 3.5MVA, 3phase, 4160V, 50Hz, Y-connected
synchronous generator has negligible field resistance and 5.64 ohm of
synchronous impedance at a particular operating point, A current of
200A is found necessary to circulate rated current on short circuit. A
filed current of 150A is needed to induce rated voltage on open circuit.
For above machine calculate the regulation by i) emf method, ii) mmf

STSKK Society's
method at unity power factor. The OC test data is given below.\nIa(A)

50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450\nEMF(V) 1620 3150 4160 4750
5130 5370 5550 5650 5750\n9. A 3 phase, 6600V, alternator has the
following OCC at normal speed.\nField Current(A): 14 18 23 30
43\nTerminal Vtg(V): 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000\nWith armature
short-circuited and full load current flowing the field current is 17A and
when the machine is supplying full load of 2000KVA at zero power
factor, the field current is 42.5A and the terminal voltage is 6000V.
Determine the field current required when the machine is supplying the
full-load at 0.8 pf lagging.

Chapter Number and Title: 14 - synchronous generators Planned Hours: 5.00 hrs
Control
Learning Outcomes:-
1 Capability curve CO5 L2

2 Hunting and dampers CO5 L2
Lesson Schedule
46. Performance of synchronous generators
47. Capability curve for large turbo generators and salient
pole generators
48. Starting, Synchronizing and control.
49. Hunting and dampers
50. Revision
Review Questions
1. 1. Write short notes on capability curves of synchronous TLO1 L2
generator.\n2. Explain the hunting in synchronous machines. How
damper winding is used for reduce hunting.

3 - Semester 17EE33 Theory Course Plan

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3 - Semester 17EE33 Theory Course Plan

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STSKK Society's

Tontadarya College of Engineering, Gadag.

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

Semester: 3 - Semester Year: 2018

Course Outcomes (COs):

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Tontadarya College of Engineering, Gadag.

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

Course Articulation Matrix: Mapping of Course Outcomes (COs) with Program

Course Outcomes 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 PSO1 PSO2

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Tontadarya College of Engineering, Gadag.

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

Course Code: 17EE33 Course Title: Transformers and Generators

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Tontadarya College of Engineering, Gadag.

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

Chapter No. 6 - Tertiary winding Transformers: 2.00 hrs

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Tontadarya College of Engineering, Gadag.

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

reactance, Adjusted synchronous reactance and Potier reactance. Voltage

Chapter No. 14 - synchronous generators Control 5.00 hrs

1. D. P. Kothari, I. J. Nagrath, Electric Machines, 4th Edition, Mc Graw Hill, 2011

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Tontadarya College of Engineering, Gadag.

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

Chapter wise Plan

Course Code and Title: 17EE33 / Transformers and Generators

Topic Learning Outcomes COs BL

1 Principle of operation CO1 L2

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Tontadarya College of Engineering, Gadag.

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

Course Code and Title: 17EE33 / Transformers and Generators

Topic Learning Outcomes COs BL

1 Salient features of Ideal transformer CO1 L2

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Tontadarya College of Engineering, Gadag.

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

4. Derive the conditions for maximum efficiency of a transformer. TLO5 L2

Course Code and Title: 17EE33 / Transformers and Generators

Topic Learning Outcomes COs BL

1 Advantages of 3 phase transformer bank over 3 phase single unit CO1 L2

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Tontadarya College of Engineering, Gadag.

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

3 3 phase to 6 phase converstion, VV connection, Scott connection CO1 L2

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Tontadarya College of Engineering, Gadag.

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

Course Code and Title: 17EE33 / Transformers and Generators

Topic Learning Outcomes COs BL

1 Necessity, and conditions for parallel operation - Single phase, 3 CO1 L2

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Tontadarya College of Engineering, Gadag.

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

Course Code and Title: 17EE33 / Transformers and Generators

Topic Learning Outcomes COs BL

1 Constrction, Adavantages and applications of Auto transformer CO1 L2

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Tontadarya College of Engineering, Gadag.

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

Course Code and Title: 17EE33 / Transformers and Generators