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Engineering Mechanics – Statics 1.01 General Principles Engineering Mechanics – Statics 1.02 Force Vectors

Chapter Objectives
• To provide an introduction to the basic quantities and
idealizations of mechanics
• To give a statement of Newton’s Laws of Motion and
Gravitation
• To review the principles for applying the SI system of units
• To examine the standard procedures for performing numerical
01. General Principles calculations
• To present a general guide for solving problems

HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Nguyen Tan Tien HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Nguyen Tan Tien

Engineering Mechanics – Statics 1.03 General Principles Engineering Mechanics – Statics 1.04 General Principles

§1. Mechanics §2. Fundamental Concepts

- Mechanics: the study how body react to the forces acting on - Basic Quantities
them • Length, 𝑚: used to locate the position of a point in space and
- Branches of mechanics thereby describe the size of a physical system
• Time, 𝑠: although the principles of statics are time
independent, this quantity plays an important role
in the study of dynamics
• Mass, 𝑘𝑔: mass is a measure of a quantity of matter
• Force, 𝑁: considered as a push or pull exerted by one body
on another
A force is completely characterized by
- magnitude
• Statics deals with the equilibrium of bodies, that is, those that
- direction
are either at rest or move with a constant velocity
• Dynamics is concerned with the accelerated motion of bodies - point of application

HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Nguyen Tan Tien HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Nguyen Tan Tien

Engineering Mechanics – Statics 1.05 General Principles Engineering Mechanics – Statics 1.06 General Principles

§2. Fundamental Concepts §2. Fundamental Concepts

- Idealizations - Newton’s Laws of Motion
• Particle: particle has a mass, but it size can be • First Law
neglected A particle originally at rest, or moving in an
• Rigid body: a rigid body can be considered as a straight line with constant velocity, will
combination of a large number of particles remain in this state provided the particle is
• Concentrated force: represents the effect of a loading which is not subjected to an unbalanced force
assumed to act at a point on a body • Second Law A particle acted upon by an unbalanced
Three forces act Steel is a common force experiences an acceleration that has
on the hook at 𝐴. engineering material the same direction as the force and a
Since these that does not deform
forces all meet at very much under magnitude that is directly proportional to the
a point, then for load. We can force: 𝐹 = 𝑚𝑎
any force analysis, consider this railroad
we can assume wheel to be a rigid • Third Law The mutual forces of action and reaction
the hook to be body acted upon by between two particles are equal, opposite
represented as a the concentrated
particle
and collinear
force of the rail
HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Nguyen Tan Tien HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Nguyen Tan Tien

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Engineering Mechanics – Statics 1.07 General Principles Engineering Mechanics – Statics 1.08 General Principles

§2. Fundamental Concepts §2. Fundamental Concepts

- Newton’s Law of Gravitational Attraction - Weigh
Gravitational attraction between any two particles Weight refers to the gravitational attraction of the earth on a
𝑚1 𝑚2 body or quantity of mass
𝐹=𝐺
𝑟2 𝑚𝑀𝑒
𝐹: force of gravitational between the two particles, 𝑁 𝑊 = 𝐺 2 ≡ 𝑚𝑔, 𝑔 = 9.8066𝑚/𝑠 2
𝑟
𝐺: universal constant of gravitation, 𝑚3 /𝑘𝑔𝑠 2
From experiment: 𝐺 = 66.73 × 10−12 𝑚3 /𝑘𝑔𝑠 2
𝑚𝑖 : mass of each of the two particles, 𝑘𝑔
𝑟: distance between the two particles, 𝑚
- Mass
Mass is an absolute property of a body
The mass provides a measure of the resistance of a body to a
change in velocity, as defined by Newton's second law of The astronaut is weightless, for all practical purposes, since she is far removed from the
motion 𝑚 = 𝐹/𝑎 gravitational field of the earth
HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Nguyen Tan Tien HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Nguyen Tan Tien

Engineering Mechanics – Statics 1.09 General Principles Engineering Mechanics – Statics 1.10 General Principles

§3. Units of Measurement §3. Units of Measurement

- SI units: The International System of units abbreviated SI after - Conversion of Units
the French “Système International d’Unités”
- U.S. Customary (FPS)

HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Nguyen Tan Tien HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Nguyen Tan Tien

Engineering Mechanics – Statics 1.11 General Principles Engineering Mechanics – Statics 1.12 General Principles

§4. Units of Measurement §5. Numerical Calculations

- Prefixes
- Rules for Use: when performing calculations, represent the
numbers in terms of their base or derived units by converting
all prefixes to powers of 10. E.g. 50(𝑘𝑁) = 50 × 103 (𝑁)
HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
- Dimensional Homogeneity: dimensions have to be the same
on both sides of the equal sign, (e.g. 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 × 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒)
- Significant Figures: the number of significant figures contained
in any number determines the accuracy of the number ⟹ use
an appropriate number of significant figures
E.g. 23400 might have three (234), four (2340), or five (23400)
significant figures. To avoid these ambiguities, rewrite
23 400 ⟶ 23.400 × 103 ⟶ 23.4 × 103
- Rounding Off Numbers: be consistent when rounding off
• greater than 5, round up: 3528 ⟶ 3530
• smaller than 5, round down: 0.03521 ⟶ 0.0352
• equal to 5
+ the digit preceding the 5 is an even number: 75.25 ⟶ 75.2
+ the digit preceding the 5 is an odd number: 0.175 ⟶ 0.18
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Engineering Mechanics – Statics 1.13 General Principles

§6. General Procedure for Analysis

Problem Solving Strategy
- Interpret: read carefully and determine what is given and what
is to be found/delivered. Ask if not clear. If necessary,
make assumptions and indicate them
- Plan: think about major steps (or road map) that you will
take to solve a given problem. Think of
alternative/creative solutions and choose the best
one
- Execute: carry out your steps. Use appropriate diagrams and
equations. Estimate your answers, avoid simple
calculation mistakes, Reflect on/revise your work

HCM City Univ. of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Nguyen Tan Tien