How well does LoRaWAN and Mobile

IoT Complement each other?

Olivier Hersent, Rohit Gupta, Ronan Le Bras,

Founder & CTO, Product Manager, Head of Technical
Actility Actility Strategy, Orange
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 Agenda

Introduction - Olivier
• The business case for LPWAN
• LoRaWAN Overview
• Mobile IoT Overview
How to map use case to connectivity? - Rohit
• IoT Use Case Considerations
• Summary of 3GPP Vs LoRaWAN Comparison
• How is Actility combining 3GPP and LoRaWAN into ThingPark Wireless?
Orange LPWAN Strategy - Ronan
• Orange Strategy to combine LoRaWAN and Mobile IoT

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Why all the buzz ?
IoT market overview and segmentation

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 Convergence of IoT ISM band technologies to LPWAN
4 billion LPWA connected devices worldwide by 2023

Battery life

BLE, Z-Wave, LPWA: LoRaWAN,

W-Mbus… CIoT: LTE-M, NB-IOT

Legacy Cellular
WIFI
(2G, 3G, 4G)

Range
Source : Machina Research 2016

❖ With Cost, Battery and Range constraints solved, LPWAN technology is driving massive IoT growth
❖ Current short range ISM band technologies will converge towards LPWAN technology.
❖ LoRaWAN best positioned to capture the short range ISM band market segment.
❖ Opportunity for MNOs to capture and monetise short range technologies with LoRaWAN
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LoRaWAN Overview

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 LoRaWAN Network Architecture 7

Apps
Network Server

AS
NS-AS
API

Up to 15 km range OSS /
Supervision
Low deployment cost, Multiplier effect with
Designed for billions of Low battery consumption
unlicensed spectrum, every base station,
objects 10+ years life
minimal network planning Macro-diversity

AES Secured Payload

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 LoRaWAN Device Classes

• Long Range Architecture + Asynchronous access is most suited for low

power applications

Source: LoRa Alliance

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 LoRaWAN Geolocation comparison with other technologies
Key geolocation technologies
1. LoRaWAN TDOA/RSSI
Cost Size of the circle denotes accuracy
• Lowest cost solution. Works natively with any
LoRaWAN sensor
€€€ • LoRaWAN enables long battery life use cases
GPS AGPS • TDOA: 20-200m accuracy range depending on
1-15m 10-18m conditions
LoRa RSSI • RSSI: 1000-2000m accuracy
1000-2000m
BLE
2. WiFi Location
WiFi
1-7m • Cost efficient solution for outdoor and indoor solution
20-40m
• Accuracy increases with hotspot density
LoRa TDoA
20-200m
3. BLE
• Requires a BLE beaconing system
• Indoor solution
€
4. GPS/AGPS
years • 1 GPS adds $5-$10 to the BOM
months • Most accurate but power consuming solution
Battery life •
•
AGPS brings battery consumption improvement
GPS does not work indoors

LoRaWAN provides a cost efficient solution to retrieve and rely on information provided by multiple geolocation
technologies, thus allowing to reach the best trade-off between cost, required accuracy and device battery life
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 Multicast
LoRaWAN natively supports 3GPP support for multicast is
multicast/FUOTA in LoRaWAN 1.0.x only after Rel 14

Benefits Source:
https://www.qualcomm.com/news/onq/
❏ Minimize DL radio congestion for class B
2017/06/15/lte-iot-starting-connect-
& C devices
massive-iot-today-thanks-emtc-and-nb-
❏ Dynamic session setup allows optimized
iot
Class A device power consumption
❏ Dynamic Multicast assignment is being
developed
Use cases enabled
★ Power efficient device FW upgrade over
the air
★ Massive Device Reconfiguration
★ Synchronized device activation
★ Emergency actions

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Cellular IoT Overview

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 Cellular IoT Overview

LPWAN LTE ● LTE Cat-M1 (1.4 MHz)

○ Full Duplex (UL/DL): 1 Mbps
Battery ○ Half Duplex (UL/DL): 375 kbps
Days Years
Life ● LTE Cat-NB1 (180 kHz)
○ Data Rate (UL/DL): 250 kbps
LTE-A LTE Cat-1 LTE-M NB-IoT ● Modem design with reduced
complexity and cost
● Enhanced Features for IoT
○ PSM
○ eDRX
○ Support for NIDD

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 LPWA Market Segmentation
Bitrate
(uplink)
LTE cat 4
<5 Mbps
LTE cat 1
<1 Mbps
<375 kbps LTE-M
<250 kbps
LTE NB-IoT
<50 kbps

Lora

Current/Power efficiency (24-44 mA) (74-220 mA) (100-490 mA)

Module cost (high vol) <2 (+4)USD <6 (+10)USD <10USD <20USD
Enterprise/smart city Scarce / Nation wide
Dense sensor deployment
For LPWA solutions (LoRa and NB1), battery for 10yr @ 4USD/2Ah, 10msg/day is shown.
NB1 power use per 3GPP report R1 156006, 5Wh for 10yr, 1 msg/2h scenario
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How to Map Use Cases to Connectivity?

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 IoT Use Case Considerations
Security
Deployment TCO
Model

How to Map
Battery Use Case to
Lifetime
Right
Coverage Connectivity
Capacity/ Solution?
Data Rate/
Latency
Ecosystem
Maturity Private
Enterprise
Mobility Copyright Networks
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Coverage

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 Link Budget Comparison for LoRaWAN Vs Mobile IoT

Max Tx Power Link Budget (dB) or

(dBm) MCL
LoRaWAN (EU 868 MHz) 16.0 dBm 161.5
LoRaWAN (India 865 Mhz) 30 dBm 175.5 LoRAWAN is similar
LoRaWAN (US 915 MHz) 30 dBm 170.2
LoRaWAN (China 470
to NB-IoT and better
12.15 dBm 164.65
MHz) than LTE Cat-M1 and
LTE Cat-M1 (Option 1*) 20 dBm 155.7
it depends on region
LTE Cat-M1 (Option 2*) 23 dBm 160.7
LTE Cat NB-IoT 23 dBm 164 (**)
Sigfox (UNB) 16.0 dBm 160
*Link budget calculation for 3GPP Cat-M1 is based on different assumptions, as shown in the table
Source: https://www.sierrawireless.com/resources/white-paper/coverage-analysis-lte-m-cat-m1/
** 164 dB Link Budget for NB-IoT is reached using 64 repetitions

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QoS

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 QoS Paradigm Comparison between LoRaWAN and Mobile IoT
Mobile IoT LoRaWAN
• Licensed Spectrum • Unlicensed Spectrum
• Interference only from its • Interference from its own
own deployment (reuse 1) deployment + other technologies
• Densification of network • Densification of network (Macro-
required using small cells as Diversity + ADR)
traffic grows • Cost of Pico-Cell incl. backhaul
• Cost of Small-Cells incl. (3G/4G/LTE-M) (~300 USD)
Backhaul (~5k USD)1 • LoRaWAN can achieve controlled
QoS with densification
1:http://www.senzafiliconsulting.com/Portals/0/docs/Repo
rts/SenzaFili_SmallCellWiFiTCO.pdf

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LoRaWAN Vs Mobile IoT
Power Consumption

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 Synchronized RF PHY energy

• LoRaWAN is asynchronous
• Device (class A) sends/receives only when needed
• LTE-M/NB-IoT is synchronous
• Device has to wake up periodically to synchronize to the network

LoRaWAN Class A LTE NB1

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 NB-IoT/Cat-M1 Vs LoRa Current Consumption
TX Current RX Current Idle Current Sleep Current

LoRaWAN [3]
TX Power=14 dBm (EU 24-44 mA 12 mA 1.4mA 0.1uA
Regulations)

NB-IoT
74-220 mA 46 mA 6mA 3 uA
(* U-Blox Sara-N2 [2])

LTE Cat-M1 *(not

(* U-blox Sara-R4 [1])
100-490 mA 9 mA 8uA
specified)

NB-IoT Current Consumption is 3-5X higher than LoRaWAN

[1] Sara R4-Series Data sheet, LTE Cat-M1 / NB1 modules. https://www.u-
blox.com/sites/default/files/SARA-R4_DataSheet_%28UBX-16024152%29.pdf
[2] SARA N2-Series Data Sheet, LTE Cat-NB1 modules. https://www.u-
blox.com/sites/default/files/SARA-N2_DataSheet_%28UBX-15025564%29.pd
[3] Semtech SX1272/73 Datasheet (860 MHz to 1020 MHz Low Power Long Range Transceiver)
http://www.semtech.com/images/datasheet/sx1272.pdf
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 NB-IoT Vs LoRaWAN Airtime Comparison (50 Byte UL, No DL)
MCL/ 144 dB / (SF7) 154 dB / (SF9) 164 dB / (SF12)
(LoRaWAN (Cell Center) (Cell Edge)
SF)

Tx (ms) Rx (ms) Idle(ms) Tx (ms) Rx(ms) Idle(ms) Tx(ms) Rx (ms) Idle(ms)

LoRaWAN
118 65 1500 367 238 1500 2793 1725 1500

NB-IoT
([1])
49 388 22223 311 565 22451 2190 2672 23387

[1] RAN1#82-BIS. NB-IOT - Battery lifetime evaluation NB-IoT Spends significant time in Idle/RX states
https://portal.3gpp.org/ngppapp/CreateTdoc.aspx?mode=view&c compared to LoRaWAN due to synchronous nature
ontributionId=659236 of- the protocol which negatively impacts battery life
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 NB-IoT Vs LoRaWAN (Energy Comparison, 50 Byte UL, No DL)

MCL/ 144 dB / (SF7) 154 dB / (SF9) 164 dB / (SF12)

(LoRaWAN SF) (Cell Center) (Cell Edge)

Energy of Sleep Energy of Sleep Energy of Sleep

1 msg Energy/day 1 msg Energy/day 1 msg Energy/day
(Joule) (Joule) (Joule) (Joule) (Joule) (Joule)

LoRaWAN [2] 0.03 0.03 0.07 0.03 0.42 0.03

NB-IoT [1] 0.13 1.3 0.29 1.3 1.50 1.3

Energy of 1 message includes energy in (TX+RX+Idle States)

[1] RAN1#82-BIS. NB-IOT - Battery lifetime evaluation
https://portal.3gpp.org/ngppapp/CreateTdoc.aspx?mode=view&contributionId=659236
[2] Semtech 1272 Datasheet, http://www.semtech.com/images/datasheet/sx1272.pdf
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Battery Lifetime Comparison
• Assuming Perfect battery with
linear decay without impact of
peak current on capacity
• LoRaWAN is 3-5X more power
efficient (especially at Cell
Edge/Poor Coverage Scenarios)
• LoRaWAN is best suited for
very small infrequent messages
due to its simple and
asynchronous nature
• NB-IoT/Cat-M1 is most suited
for premium high-bandwidth
applications
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 Peak current impact on battery lifetime
LTE Cat-M1, Cat-NB1
Impact of current on usable capacity
From technical specification of ER14505M Lithium-thionyl
Battery chemistry and IoT :
LoRaWAN
- LiPo (used in mobile phones) : Not
possible due to ~2% self discharge rate
per month.
- Alkaline : OK but internal resistance
increases towards end of lifetime (cannot
accommodate high to peak current and
long lifetime) and at low temperatures.
- Lithium-Thionyl-Chloride (LTC) : more
expensive, self-discharge about 3%/year
(requires 2x the usable capacity for 15
years lifetime). Peak-current also impacts
capacity.
- Coin cell (Wearables) : only suitable for
LoRaWAN. They cannot provide high
peak current for NB-IoT/LTE-M
Chloride Spiral Battery 26
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 Impact of power consumption for cell-edge users
(NB-IoT Vs Cat-M1)

Cell-Edge power
consumption of NB-IoT
grows dramatically (5-
6X) compared to Cat-M1

Average device power consumption per day for UEs with MCL
[1] http://vbn.aau.dk/files/236150948/vtcFall2016.pdf
above 150 dB. (Rural scenario) [1]
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3GPP NB-IoT/LTE-M Vs LoRa
Summary

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 LoRaWAN and Cellular IoT are complementary
Applications Requirements Technology
• Video surveillance
Number of Devices

• Electronic billboards >1MB/s LTE Cat 1

• In-car infotainment Cost flexible
Power available

LPWAN

ARPU
• Connected cars < 1MB/s
• Telematics Cost sensitive LTE-M (Cat-M1)
Power available NB-IoT

• Sensors & meters

• Smart city < 100kB/s - Cost sensitive
Long Range LoRaWAN,
• Agriculture One-way or NB-IoT
• Tracking non-symmetric Multicast
• Factory communication Low Power
• Environment
• Smart home 29
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 Key Takeaway

• LoRaWAN and Mobile IoT (LTE Cat-NB1, LTE Cat-M1) are

complementary
• LoRaWAN and Mobile IoT represent different market segments with
LoRa serving large number of devices with low cost, low power and
lowest data rate followed by NB-IoT and then LTE-M
• Combining LoRaWAN and Mobile IoT (LTE Cat-NB1, LTE Cat-M1)
solves the needs of all the IoT Use Cases
• We believe LoRaWAN will be WiFi of LPWAN IoT
and will run alongside 3GPP based IoT technologies

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Converged ThingPark Wireless Platform

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Orange LPWAN Strategy

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 Orange IOT Connectivity Strategy
Combining LoRa® & LTE-M

Webinar - 9 February 2018

Ronan LE BRAS
Head of Technical Strategy Wireless Networks
Orange Group
Vice Chair of GSMA LTE-M Task Force
IoT connectivity requirements are extremely diverse
LPWA (new), current M2M and high data M2M (new)
External powering,
Mbps throughput, 4G+
connected cars (infotainment) Low latency,
wifi on board
High mobility NEW
video monitoring

health (patient monitoring)

security Rechargeable battery,
payment Kbps throughput, 2G /3G/ 4G
connected cars (telemetry) Real time transaction
gateway for smart metering
wearables
sensitive device tracking LTE-M
NB-IoT
EC-GSM-IoT
smart building
smart agriculture (with extended coverage)
sensors, smart meters, smart cities Low power, LPWA
insensitive devices tracking, Low cost
smart home, e-health (wellness) Long range NEW
smart plant

34 Public
Multiple connectivity solutions are needed to fully adress all the verticals
 1 ▪ IoT in Orange Essential 2020

2 ▪ LoRa®: First LPWA solution

3 ▪ Mobile IoT: LTE-M

4 ▪ Combining LoRa and LTE-M

35 confidentiel Orange
Orange selected LoRa® beginning 2015 as first LPWA solution
to address B2B customer connectivity needs

LoRa®, an unlicensed LoRa® Key

LoRa® Model
LPWA technology… Strengths

Non-cellular technology LoRa® ideally suited for

Specifications of Low cost modules
based on a new network LoRaWan™ MAC by LoRa available Now low cost sensors on
Alliance battery sending few
Available now
Proven Low power messages per day for
Regional Specific Band consumption Smart City and Smart
(network & device)
433 / 868 / 915 MHz Industry
Easy to deploy, Long Range: Deep
anywhere in the Indoor
Private and Public
world on-demand
operators deployment
Bi-Directionnal
On-going Large Ad-Hoc deployment
scale deployment Certification program by Geolocation possible by Orange
in France LoRa Alliance and Orange Business Services to
2600 cities & sites to ensure interoperability Small size Gateway address local needs
Supported by a and Nano-gateway
Industrial site, ports and
growing World
Roaming under definition Light Backhaul cities
Wide Eco-system
by LoRa Alliance requirement compatible
(Cellular / Ethernet)

36 Public
Roll Out of LoRaWAN™ by Orange
rom 2016

2015 Orange LoRa® City in Grenoble
• Address LPWA B2B use cases
• Develop the Orange Datavenue Live Object
Data Management Platform
▪ Develop the ecosystem of LoRa® user and
developper: > 130 MoU signed with B2B
customers and startups
• Validate a variety of use cases covering
Smart City and Smart Industy
2016: Orange France Roll out and Launch
Roll out of LoRaWan™: A story to be continued
• continued
be Commercial since mid-2016 using Live Object –
Datavenue platform
• Top 120 urban areas covered (2600 cities)
• Target National Roll-out for H1 2018
• On-demand LoRa® connectivity for local needs
• Extension for B2B outside of France
• Pilot in Slovakia and Romania

Rapid LoRa® market adoption in France

Main Verticals

Industry Smart Cities Smart Home Retail

37 Public
 Orange for Vinci Autoroutes: Creating a Connected rest area

Multiple Use cases to

Manages 268 rest areas
- improve the level of service at the rest
station
- increase agent operational efficiency
- design new service for an enhanced
visitor experience

38 Interne Orange
 Connected Rest Area with Orange LoRaWAN™ network and Live Object

39 Interne Orange
 1 ▪ IoT Connectivity in Orange

2 ▪ LoRa®: First LPWA solution

3 ▪ Mobile IoT: LTE-M

4 ▪ Combining LoRa® and LTE-M

40 confidentiel Orange
IoT connectivity
3GPP standardised 3 evolution to address LPWA requirements in June 2016

The 3 evolutions are designed to meet LPWA connectivity requirements

Orange Labs active in The three evolutions were needed

standardisation and Common caracteristics
to cover all markets and IoT
promotion of Mobile segments
IOT through GSMA Reduce deployment cost and enable fast roll
outs by software upgrades on 2G and 4G
evolution networks (hardware upgrade can be necessary
EC-GSM-IoT of 2G GSM in some configurations)

Standardized technology by 3GPP

evolution
of 4G LTE Low cost modules (Target ~ 5$ )

Enhanced coverage with ~ +15/20 dB over

existing LTE/ GPRS
evolution
of 4G LTE
Low power consumption (more than 10 years with
a metering use case - 200 bytes /day)
41 Public
 Most versatile evolution of LTE for IoT connectivity …
Adressing LPWA and 2G M2M substitution
Combines:
➢ several RAN and CN features to optimise LTE Networks for IoT
➢ support of new category of LTE device: Cat M1 ( later Cat M2)

Features of release 12 &13

3GPP based
to optimise LTE for IoT

Support SIM and later eSIM Extended Cat-M1

Security Coverage
security
Mode A/B
Support Bi-directionnal link
Bi-directional
with support of QoS
Power
Mobility Saving
In Half duplex mode: + PSM+ eDRX
Data Rate - Uplink 375 kbps (Max) Roaming
- Downlink 300 kbps (Max)

From 110ms to 10 sec

Latency Voice
depending on coverage
42 Interne Orange
 Ability to target use cases focusing on key verticals

Smart
Automotive
territories and SmartHome Personal IoT
and logistics
Industry

Smart metering,
Fleet management Security application remote Trackers,
Use case vending machine
Onboard Telemetry (video monitoring) wearables
Remote command

Low power, National coverage, Coverage, on the

Main Throughput
bi-directional roaming, fast move efficiency,
requirements Indoor coverage
Indoor coverage moving voice

Example
 Orange scheduled introduction of LTE-M in Europe

Q3/ Q4 2017: Pilot in Orange Q4 2017: Internal LTE-M pilot in

2018 LTE-M pilots and
Spain on metering Orange France
launches in several
Q1 – Q3 2017: Technical trials Q3/ Q4 2017: LTE IoT City in Antwerp (Bel) : LTE-M + NB-IoT European Affililiates

H2 2017 H1 2018

Annoncement
9 operators June 2017: opening of October 2017: First 3
support LTE-M Open IoT Lab LTE-M objects Referenced
MWC2017

L800-B20
L1800-B3 New
Features
Cat M1 Optional Features for
For pilot and launch
Mode B LTE-M to be evaluated
Recommended
PSM eDRX in H1 2018
features for LTE-M in
GSMA Guidelines VoLTE
Mode A
CLP 29
Iddle Basic
Mobility features
 Orange Open IoT Lab: 1st LTE-M Lab in Europe
Target Object and module maker
Dedicated LTE-M network + LoRa® coverage
▪ To discover LTE-M performance
▪ To prototype and develop object for Europe
▪ To prepare product launch before networks are ready
Available in the lab Starter kit tests tools
▪ Dedicated LTE-M network in 800 / 1800 MHz Power
Coverage
▪ Indoor & outdoor cell (Lampost) Consumption
▪ LoRa® coverage and starter kit

Orange Live Object - Datavenue IoT plateform ▪ 40 requests to use the Open IoT Lab from
Start- Ups to large players
Data ▪ Good tool to identify new partners and
Share prepare customer pilots

Orange Gardens, near Paris

45 Interne Orange
Join us
partner.orange.com/open-iot-lab
 Orange developping LTE-M ecosystem in Europe
for band 20 and 3
Educational: Update to Orange Partner web site iiii IoT Device Porfolio
https://partner.orange.com/lte-m-in-a-nutshell/ Orange Business Services announced first three
LTE-M Objects during IoT World Congress in
Barcelona (3rd Oct)
Upcoming IoT Market Place to include LTE-M

▪ Ercogener rugged
based on U-Blox
module
▪ Meitrack personal
tracker based on
Quectel module
▪ Sercomm a small
GPS tracker with
Sequans module.
 network transformation 2018
connectivity for IoT
4G Mobile IoT
2017 Focus on

2G M2M 2G IoT for backup & continuity

Current Base mainly B2B Full EC-GSM-IoT in some emerging markets

LoRa®
2016

Static sensors running on battery + tracking , city wide + ad-hoc deployments by OBS

▪ Extension of LoRa® in France and abroad targeting B2B customers with OBS
▪ Launch and Pilots LTE-M ongoing + Open IoT Labs and IoT Showroom
▪ LTE-M to address both 2G replacement M2M and IoT use cases.
▪ Orange offers multi-access platforms ( Malima / Live Object - Datavenue)
47 Nokia - Orange 2017-03-22
Questions?

Contact Us:
https://www.actility.com/contact/

Meet Us@MWC:
https://www.actility.com/event/mwc2018

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