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 ELGrid
ENERGY GRID MANAGEMENT AND
OPTIMIZATION

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 ELGrid
First practical step towards Smart Grid

R&D project

• Co-funded by ERDF

• Time-frame: 2.5 years

• In collaboration with the Electricity Faculty of Warsaw

University of Technology

• Industrial research and pilot experiments at two Polish

DSOs

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 ELGrid
Development concept
Business areas
Process
Subprocess

Business goals
Benefits

ELGrid components

Expert system to support development, planning and management of electric

grid including distributed generation, energy storages and controllable
receivers

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 ELGrid
Data model
Generic electrical data model, suitable
for network calculations
Based on CIM
Main data sources:
• Network topology based on GIS
• SCADA, network monitoring
• AMR data, smart meters
• Billing data
• Characteristics of controllable
receivers,
storages and renewable
generators
• Meteo data (historical, current,
forecasts)

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 ELGrid
Architecture

External systems Presentation

layer Forecasting
interfaces
GIS
GIS (CIM)
Interface
Business logic for Calculations
layer computational
ARM Billing (CIM)
engines
SCADA

SCADA (CIM)
Data access Optimizations
layer
METEO (WEB) METEO interface

Billing map
interface
AMR Billing
Database

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 ELGrid
Distributed Computing Architecture

Dispatcher Calculation Server

ELGrid Calculation Server

Database Calculation Server

User

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 ELGrid
Supported business goals

Business Goals Benefits

Savings
Decrease of both technical and trade losses of electrical energy
Network Optimization
Savings
Active failure prevention
Safety
Savings
Increase of efficiency of existing energy infrastructure (splitting points
Network Optimization
management)
Delayed investments

Improvement of TCCs issuing process, including connecting of RES’ Safety

supported by connection results simulations Savings

Network „bottlenecks” detection – identification and localization of most Safety

urgent modernization needs Savings
Standarization
Optimal investment planning in various timeframes
Optimization

Acquiring information on planned production from RES’ connected to the Optimization

network Savings

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 ELGrid
Basic features

Support in maintenance and optimization of electrical network exploitation

• Optimization of LV & MV network operations
• Calculating technical losses in the MV & LV network
• Optimization of voltage levels within the network
• Estimating yearly peak loads of the distribution network’s elements

Network configuration optimization

to minimize technical losses:
• Circuit breakers
• Transformer tap settings

Estimations and AI algorithms in network

calculations
• Ability to use with limited meter data

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 ELGrid
Network calculations and optimization
Calculations of:
• Lines loads
• Transformers loads
• Nodes voltages
• Peak loads at MV/LV
substations and receivers
• Potential illegal
energy consumption
• Energy losses
Optimization of:
Network splitting points
• States of breakers
in operation mode
• Proposed investments
Voltages transformer tap settings

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 ELGrid
Computing technical losses

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 ELGrid
Potential spots of IEC - illegal energy consumption

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 ELGrid
List of nodes with voltage out of the range

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 ELGrid
Optimization of Network configuration
Payback time is used as a simple objective function
Each arc in the grid is classified into one of the
SEE
following categories :
110 kV 110 kV
• easy to change
SN SN • difficult to change
• investment needed
• not possible to change
Optimization takes into account:
• Average costs of switch and its installation in the grid if it
falls into the „investment needed” category
• Average costs of changing switch state if it falls into either
the „easy” or „difficult to change” category
• Investment threshold – maximum amount of money that
can be spent on the whole investment

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 ELGrid
Impacts of the connection of scattered generation

Calculations for an example GPZ

The connection of 1MW generation to the rails of the SN station transformer

SN/nN

Change in the status of 4 connectors

Loss of active energy in comparison to a network without generation

Without change in the status of connectors – decrease of 3.2%

• With change in the status of connectors – decrease of 5.0%

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 ELGrid
Scattered generation connection locations

Investment method
• Choice of optimal location for the scattered source
• In some cases can result in increased losses
Two locations

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 ELGrid
Scattered generation
Different locations for the connection of generation: results of analyses – SN network, duration
of half a year, impact of optimization of the network

Energy losses Minimization of losses Minimization of losses

[kWh] [kWh] [%]
Network without source 1599725 nd Nd
Network without source
1560200 39525 2,47%
after optimization
Source at location 1 1548417 51308 3,21%
Source at location 1 after
1520205 79520 4,97%
optimization
Source at location 2 1447698 152027 9,50%
Source at location 2 after
1413475 186250 11,64%
optimization

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 ELGrid
Advanced Features of ELGrid
Load estimation based on:
• billing data + sample measurements in
substations
• AMR data
Forecasting of renewable energy production
• Wind farms
• Photovoltanic
• Water
• Biogas
Demand forecasting
• Based on historic billing/AMR data, customer segments
• Short and medium term (from 1hr up to 1 month)
• Strategic development forecasting (long term)
Calculation of non-delivered energy
• Computing short circuits in MV
• Picking out potential illegal power connections (IPC) spots

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 ELGrid
Optimisation of circuit breaks

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 Case Study
TAURON ENERGY GROUP

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 CASE STUDY: TAURON
ABOUT TAURON ENERGY GROUP
• One of the largest companies in Poland with share capital of
approximately €2 billion.
• The largest electricity distributor in Poland
• Distribution grid covers an area of approx. 57.000 square kilometers
• Power lines measuring ca. 223.700 kilometers.
• Sells approximately 46TWh of electricity to more than 5.3 million
customers.
• Power plants capacity: ca. 5.5 MW
• Annual electricity generation reached 19.11 TWh
• Over 26,000 employees

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 CASE STUDY: TAURON
Challenge. What was to be accomplished?

Two separate electrical grids, each powered by a transformer substation

Goal:
• Investigate current situation in the grid
• Optimize electrical grid technical parameters

Steps:
• Electrical grid mapping
• Estimate maximum load of electrical grid elements
• Power flow calculation
• Optimization:
• Network configuration optimization
• voltage optimization

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 CASE STUDY: TAURON
Solution (1)

Used software: ELGrid

Input data gathered from external systems:

• GIS (EL.GIS)
• SCADA
• Billing
• Measurement Systems

Calculations:
• maximum load of electrical grid elements estimation
• power flow

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 CASE STUDY: TAURON
Solution (2)

Optimization
• Network configuration optimization
• voltage optimization

Optimization goal
• minimize energy loss

Optimization constraints
• avoid transformers and lines overload
• maintain end-of-line voltages within regulatory limits

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 CASE STUDY: TAURON
Solution – details. Electrical Grid Mapping (1))

Prerequisites:
• Import an existing grid mapping form GIS system – 1 or 2 days for one GPZ
• Mapping corrections, including switches corrections – time depends on quality of
initial data – 1 day up to 1 week
• Data validation using flow software
Power Flow
Results Analysis Results:
Power Flow Correct electrical grid mapping
Calculations

Basic Topology
Validation

Validation of
Initial Data From
source Systems

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 CASE STUDY: TAURON
Solution – details. Electrical Grid Mapping (2)

Obtaining full medium and low voltage grid mapping can be very costly
and time-consuming

System can be useful even if full mapping was not obtained. It’s possible
to work having only the medium voltage electrical grid mapped.
• Each customer provided with low voltage power has to be
assigned to medium/low voltage substation
• Full functionality and calculations of the system is available for
medium voltage grid

Results of analysis can be used to determine which areas of the low

voltage grid are crucial and should also be fully mapped

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 CASE STUDY: TAURON
Solution – details. Full Electrical Grid Mapping (3)

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 CASE STUDY: TAURON
Solution – details. Power Flow
Total analysis of low and medium voltage electrical grid for area powered by
chosen substation

Input data
• Area powered by chosen substation – geospatial information (GIS),
topology
• Electrical grid elements (lines, transformers, switches) data including
supplier data sheets
• Transformers tap settings initially set to zero
• Maximum load estimated as by ELGrid software

Results
• Transmitted power (lines transformers)
• Energy losses (lines, transformers)
• Node voltages

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 CASE STUDY: TAURON • Total power loss: 1142.96 kW
Solution – details. Power Flow Results (1) • Transformers (loaded over 75%)
Station name Transmitted power Load level [%] Technical loss [kW] Technical loss [%] Voltage[kV]
[kVA]
P 10 90,4684 120,624534 3,027405 3,346367 15
P 13 141,396684 113,117347 4,130366 2,921119 30
W3 108,246308 108,246308 2,402811 2,219762 15
3P 6575,709251 104,376337 60,35503 0,917848 30
P ZS 104,336354 104,336354 2,175092 2,084692 15
P2 63,023374 100,037102 1,486565 2,358751 30
P3 237,286123 94,914449 4,828953 2,035076 15
Z7 57,703216 91,592407 1,187505 2,057952 15
C4 90,344922 90,344922 1,731193 1,916204 15
B4 56,895334 90,310055 1,235796 2,172051 15
G2 55,244042 87,688956 1,105614 2,001328 15
C6 87,314301 87,314301 1,641337 1,879803 15
J2 51,80648 82,232508 1,054163 2,034809 15
G5 61,003086 81,337448 1,264796 2,073332 15
S2 49,393708 78,402711 0,980219 1,984503 15
L2 58,262399 77,683199 1,494538 2,565184 15
LC 38,549279 77,098558 1,048516 2,719936 30
P 11 303,238691 75,809673 3,316643 1,09374 15
B1 56,530314 75,373752 1,425393 2,521466 15

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 CASE STUDY: TAURON
Solution – details. Visualizing load of lines

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 CASE STUDY: TAURON
Visualization of technical loss

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 CASE STUDY: TAURON
Reciever voltages below regulatory limits

Voltage level from station to end-user

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 CASE STUDY: TAURON
Reciever voltages below regulatory limits

Customer/receiver Absolute voltage difference [kV] Relative voltage difference [%] Nominal voltage [kV]
Odbiorca[27385] 0,052 12,9 0,348
Odbiorca[27498] 0,049 12,3 0,351
Odbiorca [27631] 0,051 12,7 0,349
Odbiorca [27750] 0,049 12,2 0,351
Odbiorca [27774] 0,054 13,5 0,346
Odbiorca [27884] 0,053 13,2 0,347

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 CASE STUDY: TAURON
Open the optimization in medium and low voltage grid

One of the basic non-investment decisions to reduce the

technical energy loss in distribution grid

Full optimization of medium and low voltage at the same time

for one chosen substation

The task is very complicated and has a lot of data.

Sophisticated alghoritms have to be used

Distributed generation is taken into account.

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 CASE STUDY: TAURON
Network configuration optimization results

• Optimal switch states for the analyzed area and given time
• List of suggested switch state changes
• Energy loss (kWh/year) before and after optimization
• Number and cost of suggested changes
• Number of new suggested switches and their location
• Cost of new elements and installation
• Reduction of losses, cost of changes and profit as a
difference between those values
• Payback time

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 CASE STUDY: TAURON
Network configuration optimization results

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 CASE STUDY: TAURON
Network configuration optimization - results

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 CASE STUDY: TAURON
Voltage optimization

Minimization of cost related to energy and power loss was used as an

objective function

Results:
• Number of transformer and tw transformer tap setting changes
• Suggested new tap settings for each transformer for each tariff period (morning
and afternoon on-peak and one off-peak period)
• Suggested set of four settings (three for primary voltage, one for intermediate
voltage) for each tw transformers for each tariff period (morning and afternoon
on-peak and one off-peak period)
• Energy loss (kWh/year and PLN/year) before and after optimization

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 CASE STUDY: TAURON
Voltage optimization results

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 CASE STUDY: TAURON
Voltage optimization results

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 CASE STUDY: TAURON
Calculation results - summary

Analysis of both: medium and low voltage grid

Assumptions
• Miximum load estimated
• Transformers 110/SN energy losses taken into account
Optimization period
• 01-01-2010 – 28-02-2010
Multidimensional objective function
• energy loss minimization
• avoid transformers and lines overload
• maintain end-of-line voltages within regulatory limits

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 CASE STUDY: TAURON
Calculation results – power flow

GPZ1 GPZ2
Number of consumers 32110 10432

Number of end-users with voltage under 3878 (12%) 312 (3 %)

regulatory limits (10%) before optimization

Number of transformers 522 126

Number of highly loaded transformers 30 (overloaded 6) 11 (overloaded 4)

(over 75%)

Number of underloaded transformers 70 13

(below 10%)

Apparent power for substation (kVA) 34130 kVA 12460 kVA

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 CASE STUDY: TAURON
Calculation results – energy losses

GPZ1 GPZ2
Reactive power 12534 kVar 3090 kVar
(kVar)
Real power 31750 kW 12070 kW
(kW)
Apparent power 34130 kVA 12460 kVA
(kVA)
Real power loss 2067 kW 382,64 kW
(kW)
Real power loss to real power ratio 6,5% 3,2%
(%)

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 CASE STUDY: TAURON
Calculation results – after network and voltage optimization

GPZ1 GPZ2
Number of end-users with voltage below 23 0
regulatory limits (10%)
Number of suggested transformers tap changes 345 100
Real power loss reduction (%) 7,5% 4,1%
(on-peak period)
Real power loss reduction (kWh) 156,107 kW 15,84 kW
(on-peak period)
Reactive power loss reduction (%) (on-peak 4,1% 2,2%
period)
Energy loss reduction (%) 7,2% 3,5%
Energy loss reduction (kWh) 260697,34kWh 25837,91kWh
over period: 1.01 – 28.02 2010

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 CASE STUDY: TAURON
Optimization - summary
Optimization over a 6 month period

Total energy loss reduction:

• GPZ1 approx. 782 MWh approx. 156 400 PLN
• GPZ2 approx. 77, 5 MWh, approx. 15 500 PLN
Estimated CO2 reduction
• GPZ1 – approx. 312 000 kg CO2 , approx. 9 300 PLN
• GPZ2 – approx. 31 000 kg CO2, approx. 920 PLN
Number of end-users with voltage below regulatory limits (10%) reduced from
4298 to 23 for GPZ1

Number of overloaded transformers reduced from 6 to 4 for GPZ1

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 Case Study:Tauron
Summary (benefits)

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 BENEFITS
What was accomplished? (1)
Results:
List of problems in the grid (highlighted elements on maps or table of
records)
• List of overloaded and under-utilized lines and transformers
• List of low/high voltage level at end of lines

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 BENEFITS
What was accomplished? (2)

Results:
Optimization results (elements that should be changed are highlighted on
maps or can be listed as a table of records)
• Optimal transformers tap settings
• Optimal network - reconfiguration of network splitting points

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 BENEFITS
What was accomplished? (3)

Results:
• Energy and financial savings after optimization
• Energy (kWh/year) and financial($/year) losses comparison
before and after optimization
• CO2 emission reduction (credits for CO2 emission)
• Investment costs
• Return on investment

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 BENEFITS
What was accomplished? (4)

Results – example (6 months)

PPS 1 PPS 2
Energy loss reduction 782 78
[MWh]
Energy loss reduction 39 000,00 3 870,00
[Euro]
Estimated CO2 emission reduction [kg] 312 000 31 000
Estimated CO2 emission reduction [Euro] 2 200,00 220,00
Energy loss reduction (%) 7,2% 3,5%

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 THANK YOU

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